The current study was conducted from October 2013 until the beginning ofSeptember 2014 to estimate the Omega -3fatty acid for three species of marine fish(Acanthopagrusarabicus , Chelonsubviridis and Cynoglossusarels). The study wasconducted during the four seasons winter of 2013, spring of 2014 , summer of 2014and fall of 2014. The oil was extracted by organic solvent extraction, the fatty acidwas estimated using Gas Chromatography connected with mass spectrometry(calculated on the basis of the total amount of the fatty acids), omega–3 percentage ofboth types DHA, EPA has varied between the fish as it reached 56.5% , 55.9% ,67,13% , 49.22% during winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. Also it wasfound ,by the results, that the percentage of omega -3 type EPA was high in the winteras the percentage was 30.99%, followed by the summer as it was 30.42% and thelowest rate was in the autumn as it was 20.33%, while the percentage of the secondtype of omega -3 DHA was close during the four seasons, as the summer achieved thehighest percentage which was 36.71% and the lowest percentage was in the winter asit reached 25.06%.

The present work is designed to anatomical, histological and histochemical studyof the proventriculus of common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). Thirty adultcommon moorhen which obtained from a commercial market of (Al Basra city) wereused in this study, and the work conducted at veterinary medicine collage –universityof Basra. The anatomical study revealed that the proventriculus of common moorhenwas tubular in shape with average mean of its length and width (20.00±.7906mm),(10.48±.1.53194mm) respectively. The internal surface of the proventriculuswas smooth and raising no papilla. The proventriculus connect with esophaguscranially and with muscular stomach caudally, It lies essentially in the vertical plane.The histological study showed that the proventriculus of common moorhen consist offour tunics (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa).The mucosal layer ofcharacterized by branched longitudinal folds (villi) lined by simple columnarepithelium, the sub mucosal layers manifested by presence of compound tubularglands which was arranged in pyramidal or conical shape (adenomere), whilemuscularis externa consist of two layers longitudinal inner and outer layer wascircular. The tunica serosa composed of loose connective tissue covered bymesothelum. The statistic analysis revealed that the average lengths of villi andadenomere were (74.50 ±14.72mm), ( 107.63±45.81mm) respectively, while theaverage width of villi, tunica sub mucosa, adenomere, muscularis externa and serosawere (8.75±2.36 mm), (143.12±30.37mm), (85.62±54.76mm), (22.12±6.29mm),(2.50±.00mm) respectively. The histochemical study of proventriculus showed thatthe carbohydrate have positive reaction with shiff reagent in the surface epithelium sub mucosal glands, tunica muscularis and serosa. While the glycogen granulesdistributed in the epithelium, around the sub mucosal glands and in tunica muscularis

Eight Samples of tumor masses were collected from cases of (3)squamous cellcarcinoma in vulva (SCC) and(5) ruminalfibropapillama in cows fromBasraprovincesouth of Iraq during the period February 2013 through January 2014 . The cases of SCCcases were characterized by smooth, dry, white poorly demarcated dermal bundles ofhomogenous tissue with necrotic or\and hemorrhagic foci separated by fibrous tissue intheearlyand late stage named as acanthosis . The size offibropapilloma cases werevariable in size and characterized byabundant proliferating fibrous tissue massgrowth inthe rumen covered by stratified squamous epithelium of varying thickness exhibitingmarked hyperkeratosis of the stratumcorneum of rumen.

OBJECTIVE To develop equations for prediction of total body water (TBW) content in unsedated dogs by combining impedance (resistance and reactance) and morphological variables and to compare the results of those equations with TBW content determined by deuterium dilution (TBWd). ANIMALS 26 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES TBW content was determined directly by deuterium dilution and indirectly with equations developed from measurements obtained by use of a portable bioelectric impedance device and morphological variables including body length, height, weight, and thoracic and abdominal circumferences. RESULTS Impedance and morphological data from 16 of the 26 dogs were used to determine coefficients for the following 2 equations: TBW1 = −0.019 (BL2/R) + −0.199 (RC + AC) + 0.996W + 0.081H + 12.31; and TBW2 = 0.048 (BL2/R) + −0.144 (RC + AC) + 0.777W + 0.066H + 0.031X + 7.47, where AC is abdominal circumference, H is height, BL is body length, R is resistance, RC is rib cage circumference, W is body weight, and × is reactance. Results for TBW1 (R21 = 0.843) and TBW2 (R22 = 0.816) were highly correlated with the TBWd. When the equations were validated with data from the remaining 10 dogs, the respective mean differences between TBWd and TBW1 and TBW2 were 0.17 and 0.11 L, which equated to a nonsignificant underestimation of TBW content by 2.4% and 1.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that impedance and morphological data can be used to accurately estimate TBW content in adult Beagles. This method of estimating TBW content is less expensive and easier to perform than is measurement of TBWd, making it appealing for daily use in veterinary practice.

OBJECTIVE To assess the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) of healthy sexually intact male dogs and to compare the UPCR of these dogs before and after castration. ANIMALS 19 client- or shelter-owned healthy adult sexually intact male dogs. PROCEDURES Physical, hematologic, and biochemical examinations and urinalysis (including calculation of the UPCR) were performed on each dog. Dogs were then castrated, and physical examination and urinalysis (including calculation of the UPCR) were performed again at least 15 days after castration. RESULTS A dipstick test yielded positive results for protein in the urine of 10 sexually intact male dogs, but the UPCR was < 0.5 for all sexually intact male dogs. Mean UPCR for sexually intact male dogs was 0.12 (range, 0.10 to 0.32). The UPCR was < 0.2 for all castrated dogs, except for 1. Mean UPCR for all castrated dogs was 0.08 (range, 0.05 to 0.69). There was a significant difference between mean UPCR before and after castration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, pathological proteinuria was not detected in sexually intact male dogs. Positive results for a urine dipstick test should be interpreted with caution in sexually intact male dogs and should be confirmed by assessment of the UPCR. An increased UPCR in sexually intact male dogs may be considered abnormal.

OBJECTIVE To determine by use of an in vitro model the potential for translocating sufficient numbers of bacteria into a joint during arthrocentesis through cellulitic tissue to cause sepsis. SAMPLE Culture media containing 4 concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus and needles of 3 sizes. PROCEDURES Needles (22, 20, and 19 gauge) were inserted through Mueller-Hinton agar that contained known concentrations of S aureus (10(3),10(4),10(5), and 10(6) CFUs/mL). After a needle exited through the medium, any agar plug within the needle bore was ejected into a sterile syringe and the contaminated portion of the needle was harvested. Sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was used to emulsify the agar plug and wash the contaminated portion of the needle. The resulting solution was cultured to determine the number of bacterial CFUs that could be deposited into a joint during arthrocentesis through contaminated tissue. RESULTS Needle gauge and bacterial concentration were both associated with the number of bacterial CFUs deposited after insertion through contaminated agar. Although all needle sizes were capable of bacterial translocation sufficient to cause septic arthritis, ORs for 20- and 22-gauge needles translocating > 33 CFUs of S aureus were significantly higher than the OR for a 19-gauge needle. The ORs for 20- or 22-gauge needles translocating > 33 CFUs of S aureus (the minimum population of S aureus known to cause joint sepsis) were 0.22. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results for this in vitro model indicated that caution should be used when performing arthrocentesis through cellulitic tissue.

OBJECTIVE To determine bactericidal effects of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin on clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica at various bacterial densities and drug concentrations. SAMPLE 4 unique isolates of M haemolytica recovered from clinically infected cattle. PROCEDURES Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) were determined for each drug and isolate. Mannheimia haemolytica suspensions (10(6) to 10(9) CFUs/mL) were exposed to the determined MIC and MPC and preestablished maximum serum and tissue concentrations of each drug. Log10 reduction in viable cells (percentage of cells killed) was measured at various points. RESULTS Bacterial killing at the MIC was slow and incomplete. After 2 hours of isolate exposure to the MPC and maximum serum and tissue concentrations of the tested drugs, 91% to almost 100% cell killing was achieved with enrofloxacin, compared with 8% growth to 93% cell killing with florfenicol, 199% growth to 63% cell killing with tilmicosin, and 128% growth to 43% cell killing with tulathromycin over the range of inoculum tested. For all drugs, killing of viable organisms was evident at all bacterial densities tested; however, killing was more substantial at the MPC and maximum serum and tissue drug concentrations than at the MIC and increased with duration of drug exposure. Rank order of drugs by killing potency was enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that antimicrobial doses that equaled or exceeded the MPC provided rapid killing of M haemolytica by the tested drugs, decreasing opportunities for antimicrobial-resistant subpopulations of bacteria to develop during drug exposure.