The canines affected with skin affections were subjected to blood biochemical profile assay. The affections included dermatitis, sarcoptic mange, demodectic mange, eczema, flea allergy dermatitis, skin allergy and bacterial dermatitis. The blood profile of serum iron, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were compared with the blood of healthy dogs. The serum iron, urea and creatinine were comparable in both the groups. It was concluded that stress of dermatosis reflected in enzyme (higher in GGT) and lipid profile (higher in triglyceride, cholesterol) of patients, while renal parameters (urea and creatinine) remain unaffected on account of skin ailments.

The study was conducted in 18 clinically healthy male dogs of about 1 year of age, weighing up to 12 kg and divided into three groups of 6 animals each. Bupivacaine alone, bupivacaine + hyaluronidase and hyperbaric bupivacaine were given epidurally at lumbosacral space @2 mg/kg. bwt. with a maximum dose of 3 ml in the animals of groups I, II and III, respectively. A significant increase (P0.01) in rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate was recorded at initial intervals of observation in all the groups and thereafter these values follow a declining trend in all groups consistently and reached to almost base line value at 120 min. of observation The alterations of glucose, serum urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine estimated at 1hr, 2hrs, 4hrs and 24 hrs were remained within physiological limits in all the groups.Therefore induction of regional anaesthesia with bupivacaine and its combination revealed no permanent alteration in the biochemical and physiological parameters hence it is safe and satisfactory anaesthesia.

A dead calf with cranial duplication removed by cesarean section under local infiltration anaesthesia. The cow made uneventful recovery after surgery without complication.

A total of 253 samples from cattle (52), buffalo (51), sheep (50), goat (50) and chicken (50) were screened for the presence of Pasteurella multocida. Out of these, 17 samples were found positive by species specific PCR (PM-PCR) with ~460 bp amplified product. Overall prevalence of P. multocida was found to be 6.7%. Out of 17 PM-PCR positive samples, 12 (70%) were found positive by capsular type-B specific (HSB-PCR) and multiplex PCR assays with amplification of ~620 bp product in both the cases. A total of 5 isolates of P. multocida were obtained in 17 PM-PCR positive samples of which 4 were of serotype B:2 and 1 was of serotype A:3. The PM-PCR and HSB-PCR assays can be performed directly on clinical samples from animals with reproducible results without any non-specific amplification. Multiplex PCR further reduces the time for the species and type specific detection of P. multocida.

First lactation milk yield per day of lactation length of 379 Sahiwal cows, collected from cattle breeding farm, Chak Ganjaria, Lucknow were utilized for the present study. The optimum number of progeny size to achieve the accuracy attained by different methods of sire evaluation (Daughter's average (DA), contemporary comparison (CC), Least-squares (LS), Simple Regressed Least-squares (SRLS) and Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP» ranged from 47.615 (CC) to 161.069 (BLUP). Similar results were also obtained in the ratio ofoptimum progeny size estimated by different methods with that of actual progeny size per sire available ranging from 5.270 (CC) to 17.828 (BLUP). Present findings revealed that BLUP method showed highest increase in accuracy of 207.72% among all the methods studied.

The present study reports the concentration of Copper, Zinc, Iron and Manganese in the blood plasma of male kutchi camels during their breeding season. The respective concentrations of the plasma trace minerals were 112.94 ±O.44, 105.65±2.08, 117.65±1.72 and 160.29±0.75 µ/dl.

The study found out the chemical and microbial quality of various milk samples collected from different sources of milk procured from rural areas of Tirupati. Thefat, SNF and protein percentages of milk samples collected from Dairy Experimental Station were higher than the other milk samples collected from commercial dairies of Sangam, Balaji and Heritage and local vendors. The milk samples collected from local vendors showed lower fat, SNF and protein percentages. No significant difference was observed in the milk samples collected from commercial dairies of Sangam, Balaji and Heritage with regard to fat, SNF and protein percentages. None of the milk samples collected from Dairy Experimental Station were found to be adulterated with water, whereas higher percentage of water was observed in the milk samples of local vendors. The Standard Plate Count of milk from local vendors is higher followed by Dairy Experimental Station. Presence of E.coli organisms in the milk samples collected from local vendors and Dairy Experimental Station indicated the extraneous contamination and unhygienic conditions of milking barn.

Thirty five human sputum collected from TB hospital Bareilly were investigated for Mycobacteria based on direct microscopy, culture and by multiplex peR targeting 12.7 kb fragment and IS 611O. DNA was isolated directly forms putums amples. Outof35 samples,25 were smear positive and 18 yielded culture and 16 were positive by the multiplex PeR. 10 samples were negative on smear mircoscopy, culture and PCR.

We examined morphological growth variations in skull features between the Kuril harbor seal and the spotted seal in Hokkaido, Japan. Skulls from 80 Kuril harbor seals and 41 spotted seals were collected, and we measured 29 metric and 6 non-metric cranial characteristics. Three growth classes were defined according to the postnatal developmental stage: pups (0 year), subadults (1-4 years old) and adults (more than 5 years old). We detected sexual dimorphism in Kuril harbor seal pups, subadults, and adults. Although interspecies differences were detected in each growth class, Kuril harbor seals were larger and more massive than spotted seals; this feature was already detectable in pups. We did not detect certain cranial characteristics with which to identify the two species, but it was possible to identify any unknown specimens to their species, sex, and growth class using the cranial data generated in this study. Using 6 non-metric cranial characteristics, we identified significant interspecies differences with regard to the shape of the temporozygomatic suture and the extent of the nasal-incisive suture; the shape of the temporozygomatic suture and the shape of the nares were indicators of growth class in Kuril harbor seals. Although non-metric cranial characteristics have a lower discriminating power than metric characteristics, they are easy to use in the field even by inexperienced researchers.

The activity concentrations of sup(40)K, sup(238)U, sup(232)Th and sup(137)Cs were measured using gamma spectrometric method in different food chain samples from Serb Belgrade environment during the periods May-June 2007 and May-June 2008 year. Relatively high activities of sup(40)K and sup(137)Cs were detected in the soil. These results indicate that sup(137)Cs is present in Belgrade environment even 20 years after nuclear accident in Chernobyl. However, in the samples of feedstuffs, animal products and bio indicators (meat of wild animals and fish), activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides and sup(137)Cs were low and below the detection limits. Results of these trials have shown that investigated animal products from the natural environment around Belgrade, are radioactivity safe.