Eğitim ihtiyaçlarının analizi ile ihtiyaç duyulan bilgilerin tespit edilmesi hem çiftçilerin ihtiyaç duydukları bilgilerin belirlenmesi hem de dahagerçekçi bir eğitim programının yapılabilmesi için çok önemlidir. Afyonkarahisar’da koyunculuk önemli bir hayvansal üretim kolu olup koyunculukişletmeleri ağırlıkla orta ve küçük ölçekli işletmelerden oluşmaktadır. Türkiye’de 2014 yılından beri Çiftlik Hayvanlarının Refahınailişkin Genel Hükümler Hakkındaki Yönetmelik ile çiftliklerde sağlanması zorunlu olan ulusal hayvan refahı standartları tanımlanmıştır. Koyunculukişletmelerinin de ulusal hayvan refahı standartlarına uyumu bakımından çiftçilerin hayvan refahı konusundaki eğitim ihtiyaçlarınınbelirlenmesi çok önem taşımaktadır. Bu tebliğde çiftçilerin hayvan refahı yönetimi konusundaki eğitim ihtiyaçlarına ilişkin bulgular sunulmuştur.Bu bulgular, Afyonkarahisar İli Emirdağ İlçesi'nde bulunan küçük ve orta ölçekli koyunculuk işletmelerinin sahiplerinin hayvan sağlığıve refahı konularındaki eğitim ihtiyaçlarının analiz edilmesi amacıyla yürütülen bir araştırma projemizden elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, elde edilensonuçlar çiftlik düzeyinde koyun refahının sağlanabilmesi için minimum gerekliliklerin yerine getirilmesi bakımından fırsatlar ve dezavantajlarınyönetimi yönünden de tartışılmıştır.

In the past, horses were used for pulling and riding at agriculture and transportation services. As a result of the increase in mechanization theyhave lost their own importance in these areas, and then they were released into the nature by owners. These wild horses named Yılkı werespending the winter in nature during their first years and then were captured in the spring for using in farm activities. Due to they have notbeen used for this purpose today, the Yılkı population increased. Today, wild horses are living in mainly Karaman (Karadağ), Kayseri (ErciyesMountain), Manisa (Spil and Yunt Mountains), Afyon (Akdağ, Kumalar Mountain, Emirdede Plateau), Samsun (Kızılırmak Basin), Izmir(Gediz Basin), Antalya (Eynif Plain and Beydağlar) provinces, Kaz Mountains and in different regions of Turkey in groups of 15-20 heads.By adapting to wildlife and increasing their number, these wild horses began to pose a threat to other wild animals and agricultural land in theregion due to the food shortage during the heavy winter months. Due to this reason, the studies are being carried out for recording wild horses,making their care and treatments, and reducing the number of horses to the level of capacity of living area. This paper has focused on wildhorses, their regions and some methods used to be kept their numbers under the control.

In this study a total of 165 (10.0-21.0 cm TL, 17.40-180.10 g TW) Redcoat, Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775) were caught in IskenderunBay between September 2017 and April 2018 using a longline As a result, length-weight relationships (LWRs), sex ratio and condition theestimates for b parameter of the LWR ranged between and 3.098 3.096 and 3.100 for males, females and both sexes, respectively. Positiveallometric growth were observed for male, female and both sexes. Fulton’s condition (KF) factor values also revealed not significant variations(P>0.001) for females (1.904) and males (1.926) specimens of S. rubrum. No information currently exists on the length-weight relationship andcondition of S. rubrum in the southeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. This paper is an important contribution to the science and fisheriesmanagement applications for this species.

Nayaband coastal protected area with approximately 49815 ha area, south of Iran, was the best opportunity to became the first and only Iraniancoastal-marine national park due to its special geographical location and ecological characteristics. However, with the establishing of naturalgas extraction facilities in its neighboring as the largest and most important energy zone in Iran, since 1997, and the emergence of extensiveenvironmental impacts of the project activities, today this opportunity should be considered forever to be lost. In this paper, the criteria for siteselection of coastal-marine national parks have been determined through a literature review and then the ecological characteristics of the studyarea compared with these criteria. The most important criteria for site selection of coastal-marine national parks are biodiversity (includingboth species and habitat diversity) and ecological integrity. Based on the results Nayband coastal protected area benefits a diversity of habitatsincluding mangrove forest habitats, river estuaries, creeks, coral reefs, small gulfs, tidal zones, sandy and rocky beaches, coastal lagoons andterrestrial savanna likes habitats. This diverse habitats encompass more than 300 species including plants, mammalian, aquatic and terrestrialbirds, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, shrimps, lobsters, oysters, gastropods and corals species, and maybe more unknown species from invertebratesand insects. Overall, the study area in terms of biodiversity criteria could earn points for assigning the title of “National Park”. Nevertheless,unfortunately, because of the development and industrial activities in the onshore and offshore, the second criteria, ecological integrity,has been affected drastically. Disturbing upstream-downstream surface runoff, blocking migratory corridors, receiving air and water pollutants,constructing bridges and closing or tightening water entrance of creeks have been led to the deterioration of ecological integrity. That is, theopportunity of establishing the first and only Marine – Coastal National Park of Iran has been lost.

This study was conducted between March 2017 and February 2018 to determine the rotifer fauna of Hazar Lake provide clear diagnosis ofsuspected rotifers in electron microscopy. Totaly 24 species from Rotifera, were identified in our this study. In this study, scanning electronmicroscope photographs of some Rotifera species were taken. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the trophi structure (SEM), which is animportant part of the species identification of monogonont rotifers, has also been performed in this study.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of different levels of chicken egg lecithin in diets on growth and feeding parameters, lipoprotein fractions and histological changes in gut and liver of binni juveniles (Mesopotamichthy Sharpeyi). The experimental fish with initial mean weight of 3.1 ± 0.17 g were fed to satiation 3 times a day with four experimental diets containing different levels of egg lecithin (0, 2, 4 and 6%) for 8 weeks. Fish were fed 4 and 6% chicken egg lecithin showed significantly higher final growth, specific growth rate, improved feed conversation ratio, protein efficiency and survival compared with control group. Fish were fed the diet containing 4-6% lecithin showed significantly higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) than fish fed 2% chicken egg lecithin and control. Fish were fed the diet containing 4-6% lecithin showed higher goblet cells and lower lipid vacuoles in anterior intestine enterocytes than control group. Also, the livers of fish were fed chicken egg lecithin showed normal structure and hepatocyte with clear central nucleus compared with control group, visually. So, it appears phospholipids (PLs) have a specific role for lipid transport and absorption. Therefore, the use of 4-6% chicken egg lecithin as PLs source in diet of juvenile binni fish for improvement growth performance is recommended.

Red hot pepper, in the science of botany is a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family and known as Capsicum annuum. Capsaicin is the active ingredient in cayenne pepper. Mast cells are cells with intracytoplasmic granules in the connective tissue, showing metachromasia under appropriate conditions. The aim of the study is to observe mast cell localization and tryptase and chymase expression in ovaries of rats administered subcutaneous capsaicin at 1 mg / kg dose during postnatal development periods. Sixty female Spraque-Dawley rats (21 d old) were used.  The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) as pubertal, post pubertal and adult.  Each group was subdivided into two groups.  The first subgroup (control) was given no injections.  The second subgroup (experiment) received subcutaneous injection of equal volume of capsaicin (1 mg/kg/d) for 7 weeks. Mast cells were observed in the cortex and medulla regions of the ovary during three different developmental periods, giving rise to tryptase and chymase positive reactions. In conclusion, low dose long-term capsaicin administration does not inactivate the presence of mast cells in the ovarian tissue, and the observation of fewer tryptase and chymase immunoreactive cells in the capsaicin-treated experimental groups led us to the conclusion that capsaicin positively affected mast cell heterogeneity in gonads.

This study was carried out to compare the number of honeycombs with full of bees (wax building activity) (frame count), survivability, swarm condition and honey yield for the thermo plastic (plastic) and wooden Langstroth honey bee hives. A total of 23 hives (10 plastic and 13 wooden hives) were used. The mean frame count for the plastic and wooden hives, respectively, were 13.25±0.28 and 14.77±0.48 (Z= -1.24, p=0.22). Survivability rates for the plastic and wooden hives, respectively, were 90.00% and 53.85% for at the end of first year (Fisher’s exact test p=0.089) and 30.00% and 15.38% (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.618) for at the end of the study. The plastic hives decreased the death incidence at the end of the study [relative risk ratio (RR)=0.82]. Swarm rates were 40.00% and 15.38% (Fisher’s exact test p=0.341) for the plastic and wooden hives, respectively at the end of first year. Swarm condition increased about 3 times more in the plastic hives as compared to the wooden hives (RR=2.60). Mean honey yield per honeycomb was higher in the plastic hives (2264.65±182.39 g) than in the wooden hives (1634.20±191.08 g) (t=2.39, p=0.028). As a result, it was thought that thermo plastic hives can be efficiently and successfully used by bee keepers since they may increase survivability and honey yield and are easy to use.

This study evaluated the bioequivalence of three different enrofloxacin preparations in broilers after oral administration. Forty male broilers (Ross 308 broiler breeders) fed with feed containing no residues of drugs and pollutants for 30 days were used in the study. They were divided into four experimental groups each consisting of 10 animals. Enrofloxacin active substance solution, Reference Drug, Test Drug 1, and Test Drug 2 were administered to Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. Intravenous (IV) administration was performed in Group 1 whereas Groups 2, 3, and 4 received oral gastrointestinal administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg using a probe. A blood sample of 1.0–2.0 mL was collected from the animals through v.cutanea ulnaris into sterile heparinized tubes before the drug administration (0.0 min) and at 0.5th, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 36th, and 48th hours after drug administration starting at 5th minute in Group 1 and 0.25th hour in other groups. Blood plasma was separated into its own fractions. Following the extraction of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin from plasma, measurements were made using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Danofloxacin active substance was used as an internal standard (IS) in the extraction stage. Tests were performed for the sensitivity and reproducibility of the extraction method. Accordingly, HPLC showed that the time for plasma drug concentration to reach the peak value was 11.9–12.8th minutes for enrofloxacin, 8.4–9.2th minutes for ciprofloxacin, and 10.4–11.2th minutes for danofloxacin. The sensitivity of the method was determined as 0.01 µg/mL for enrofloxacin and 0.04 µg/mL for its metabolite ciprofloxacin and the recovery value of the method was found to be 75–90% for enrofloxacin and 55–70% for ciprofloxacin.  In the determination of bioequivalence, values obtained by dividing the area under the curve (AUC) of the test drug 1 and test drug 2 and plasma peak plasma concentration (Cmax) into the reference drug (0.96 and 0.97, respectively for the AUC and 0.92 and 0.97, respectively for Cmax) were found to be within acceptable limits (0.80–1.25).

In this study, within the boundaries of the river Kizilirmak River Basin, Kirikkale and Ankara aimed at the determination of the fauna of Simuliidae.           The materials of the study were a total of 8877 samples including 7509 larva, 372 end-stage larva and 996 pupae from nine different station (Kalecik, Bala, Yahşihan, Merkez (Kirikkale), Bahşılı, Keskin, Karakeçili, Çelebi, Sulakyurt) of Kızılırmak river and branches of Kızılırmak Basin bounded by the borders of Kırıkkale and Ankara province between March 2009 and October 2010. Diagnostic examined and assessed by key stereo microscope. After the idenfications, S. petricolum, S. equinum, S. pseudequinum, S. lineatum, S. balcanicum, S. erythrocephalum and S. alajense were detected as species level, S.angustipes and S. ornatum were detected as group level. Simulium. petricolum (25.73%) was the most prevalent specie while S. alajense (0.02%) was the least. In conclusion, Simuliiumlineatum, S. pseudequinum, S. balcanicum and S. alajense were detected in Kızılırmak basin previously but S. petricolum,S. equinum and S. erythrocephalum were recorded first time in this place. Keywords: Ankara, identification, Kirikkale, Kızılırmak River Basin, prevalence, Simulium spp.