Goats are highly susceptible to endoparasitic infections due to free grazing habits. The present study was reported for concurrent infection ofMoniezia expansa and Haemonchus contortus in two goats from a flock of 40 goats in Orathanadu, Thanjavur. History included anorexia, foetid diarrhoea and jowl edema in goats. On clinical examination, pyrexia, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, pasty diarrhoeic faeces, bottle jaw and abdominal thudding were noticed. Coproscopy revealed Moniezia expansa eggs and strongyle eggs and faecal culture revealed Haemonchus contortus larvae. Uneventful recovery was noticed in goats after treating with praziquantel and fenbendazole for 3 days with supportive therapy.

A Dalmatian dog -was brought to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar with a complaint of erythematous lesions, alopecia and intense itching and had been treated for a long time. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed based on the history and the exclusion of other infectious agents as potential causes of the dermatitis. The dog was treated with oclacitinib, antibacterial, fatty acids and antihistaminic medications and showed remarkable improvement after therapy.

A one and half year, female, non descriptive dog was presented to Veterinary College Hospital, Hassan with the history of incoordination, drowsiness and vomiting after accidental oral administration ofAmitraz liquid (RIDD®) by the owner. On physical examination animal was dull and depressed. Sedation (drowsiness) and hypothermia was noticed with the rectal temperature of 98.8°E Hemato-biochemical findings were within the normal range. Based on history and clinical signs, the case was diagnosed as amitrazpoisoning and animal was treated with Yohimbine Hydrochloride at the rate of 0.2 mg per Kg body weight intramuscularly and activated charcoal per orally, along with the supportive therapy. Animal was completely recovered after 5 days of treatment.

The present investigation was conducted to study the changes in the haemato- biochemical indices in normally calved crossbred cows with retention of placenta (n=60) and dystocia with retention of placenta (n=25) and compared with normally calved crossbred cows without retention of placenta (n=10) during the period between July 2022 to December 2023. Result showed that marked leukocytosis, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and eosinophilia in retention of fetal membrane (RFM) affected cows. Serum biochemical indices revealed significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of enzymatic parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), decreased mineral parameters (calcium and phosphorus) and metabolic parameters in RFM affected cows. In conclusion, enzymatic, mineral and metabolic parameters can be used as biochemical indicators for the prediction of RFM in Jersey crossbred cows.

Post mortem examination of two duck carcasses revealed the presence of worms in the gizzard and caecum. The worms from gizzard were identified as Acuaria hamulosa and caecal worm were identified as Heterakis gallinarum based on the morphological features. In addition, lice were collected from the feathers and identified as Holomenopon leucoxanthum. This study reports the occurrence of Acuaria hamulosa, Heterakis gallinarum and Holomenopon leucoxanthum in native ducks from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu.

Many of the dogs and cats lives affected with behavioral disorders have been ended either in euthanasia, relinquishment, chronic suffering or would have handed over to shelters. Various types of behavioral disorders in dogs and cats include nonspecific/idiopathic aggression, fear, phobia, anxiety disorder and stereotyping behavior. The goal of therapy should be the modification of the abnormal behavior by environmental management, training with pharmacological intervention being adjunct to the behavioral modification training. Major classes of behavioral modifying drugs used in pets are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), antipsychotic agents, anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines. The mechanism of action has been attributed to modification of the availability or function of various neurotransmitters implicated in the behavioral disorders. Presently, the approved drugs for veterinary use has been limited to: selegiline, a SSRI, for canine cognitive dysfunction and clomipramine, a TCA, for separation anxiety in dogs, with majority drugs being used on extra label fashion with the extrapolation of human data. The article reviews about the pathophysiology of behavioral disorders, diagnostic approaches and drugs available for the treatment of abnormal behavior caused by variation in neurotransmitter.

One of the major concerns in poultry rearing has been the use of antibacterials for the control of infections. The antibacterial drugs often find their way into the edible part of chicken, thus making it an issue of human food safety. Screening of chicken meat for antibacterials is thus an important part of ensuring food safety. Simple sensitive methods which could be adopted easily at laboratories of research institutes and testing centres are a need of the hour. In this study, one such assay method for the assay of oxytetracycline, a popularly used antibiotic in poultry farms, in broiler chicken meat standardized using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. The HPLC assay method consisted of a C18column as the stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of 0.2M oxalic acid: Acetonitrile: Methanol (3.5:1:1, v/v) pumped in with the flow rate of 1.5 ml/ min and assayed at 360nm for detection of OTC The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification was 0.141 µg/ ml and 0.465 µg/ ml respectively. The total elution time was less than 4 minutes with a recovery rate of 105%. The results suggest that this method, with its high detection throughput and remarkable sensitivity and specificity, can be applied successfully for the field screening of oxytetracycline residue in chicken meat samples.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) modification that enables molecular diagnosis and detection viable cells from diverse samples is based on the Viability PCR (V-PCR). In this study, we optimized V-PCR using a candidate L. plantarum probiotic strain and the technique performed efficiently in detecting live cells from an admixed suspension of live and dead cells. Application of the V-PCR on different probiotics strains (B. coagulans, L. plantarum and L. fermentum) also revealed a strong positive correlation in its performance across the strains tested even with an admixture of varied concentration of live and dead cells and different dilutions respectively (r=0.93 to 0.98). We obtained five and four commercial probiotics available for humans and animal use respectively from the market and tested for the recovery of total viable bacteria by agar pour plate method and also the count of viable bacteria by V-PCR. All commercial preparations when tested by the pour plate method recovered their listed viable counts except for the probiotic B and F, and C & G revealed lower counts (<1 to 2 log, and <3 to 4 log respectively) than the the manufacturer’s claims. A semi quantification approach using arbitrary density units with the universal 16S rRNA

Two 8-week old Aseel chicks were presented for necropsy from a native chicken farm with the history of swollen left eyelid, dyspnoea, off feed, dullness and sudden death. Gross examination of the carcasses revealed swollen left eye with cheesy exudate on incision. Lungs revealed severe congestion, with multifocal grey consolidated areas (1-2 mm diameter) while, the intestinal lumen was clogged by numerous round worms. Histopathological examination of lungs revealed multifocal granulomatous area with central necrosis, presence of macrophages, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Special staining with Periodic acid Schiff and Grocott-Gomori’s methenamine silver stain showed the presence of fungal hyphae and spores in the lung lesions. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus sp. by cultural examination. Intestines revealed numerous cut sections of worms with eosinophilic and mononuclear cell infiltration and were identified as Ascaridia galli. Eye lesion had multifocal mild to moderate mononuclear cell infiltration with osseous metaplasia of scleral cartilage in eyeball. Staphylococcus hyicus was isolated from the eye exudate by cultural examination. Etiological diagnosis revealed an outbreak of Aspergillosis, Ascariasis and Staphylococcal blepharitis in the farm.

A sow aged 3 years was presented to veterinary clinical complex, Gannavaram for treatment of prolapsed uterus. On examination averted uterine horns were found hanging from vulva and tear was observed in the vaginal wall. The prolapsed uterine mass was congested and oedematous. The averted mass was cleaned thoroughly and attempted for reposition but failed. The sow lost its life after 30 hours.