Candida species are the most common encountered agent of fungal infections. Catheter related infections affect over one million patients in Europe and US annually. Candida species infections are responsible for over 63 % of fungal infections in veterinary practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles in urinary catheter related cystitis and vulvo vaginitis of C.albicans, which is common for human and veterinary medicine is very hard to treat. Thirty healthy adult female Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into three groups; experimental group with C.albicans inoculation and treatment (n = 10) and positive control group C.albicans inoculations without treatment (n=10) and negative control group with urinary catheter placed without any pathogen inoculation (n=10). Nanobiosilver was administrated after the establishment of infection. Vulvovaginal and urinary bladder tissues collected at necropsy were process for Gomori staining histopathology and electron microscopy. Rats received inoculation exhibited significant outcomes associated with fungal infections compare to negative control rats. Results of control group were between physiological limits. C.albicans was detected in urine samples at 72nd hours after inoculation in experimental group but not observed at 7th day in animals treated with nanobiosilver. In conclusion, due to its safety, efficacy and lack of systemic effects, nanobiosilver could be an excellent alternative for the initial treatment of catheter related candidiasis in veterinary medicine.

The aim of this study is to investigate the toxicity of biosilver particles on the rodent model. Ten guinea pigs were used for the sensitization test (Guinea pig maximization experiment) and 80 BALB-C mice 8-12 weeks old were used for systemic toxicity studies. Mice used in the study; acute, subacute, subchronic experimental groups and control groups. A single dose of nanobiosilver for the acute systemic toxicity test, 7 replicate doses of nanobiosilver intraperitoneal 50 ml / kg were given for the subacute and subchronic toxicity tests. At the end of the study, liver tissues were taken from animals and examined histopathologically. During the study, there were no significant changes in clinical findings in the groups. No significant changes were detected in the vital tissues of the study groups. As a result, it has been found that the biosilver particles do not show any acute, subacute and subchronic toxic effects on the rodent model.

miRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators of protein synthesis. It is known that miRNAs, which are members of the non-coding RNAs class, are effective in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression and the hereditary and adaptive immune response. miRNAs bind to target mRNAs to regulate gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. miRNAs have functions in the formation or development of many diseases such as cancer, viral and autoimmune diseases in which epigenetic mechanisms play a role. With the development of miRNA-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in recent years, miRNA research has gained importance. In this review, general information about miRNA is emphasized, its role in some diseases and the relationship between immunity and miRNA are examined.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the treatment of long bone fractures of cats and dogs by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), guided by radiological and walking-weight bearing criteria. For this purpose, 6 dogs and 1 cat, were operated according to MIPO procedures. After general anesthesia with butorphanol-propofol-sevoflurane, the fragments were aligned with closed reduction, and a MIPO plate was placed periostally via the created soft tissue tunnel. Fracture healing was assessed postoperatively at 0, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days by radiographic examination and walking-weight bearing scales. From the controls made on the 14th day, it was observed that all the cases could walk. The average time for radiographic union of 7 cases were found to be 47.42 (±4.98) days. As a result, MIPO technique was considered to be an alternative to traditional -open- plate osteosynthesis methods in the treatment fractures of cats and dogs.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 2017-0730 Patent Number Thermolife Ixir product on weight loss and some biochemistry values in obese rat with fatty liver. Thirty male Wistar albino rats fed a high-fat diet were the material of the study. An obesity model was created in rats fed a special high fat diet. Ad libitum feeding was applied to rats with a special diet and water. These rats were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 rats in each group. Group B was given 1 gram of the product daily, and 1.5 grams of the product was given to group C while group A was served as control. All rats were fed a high-fat diet. Before the study, the body weight was measured and blood was drawn for serum parameters. The test mixture was administered orally for a month, the same parameters were measued periodically and differences were determined. After the study, it was observed that the body weight of the rats in group B and C decreased significantly compared to group A. It was determined that there was a decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride values, an increase in HDL values and, the changes in other parameters were not statistically significant. At the end of the study (the 30th day), it was observed that the adipose tissues in the body appearred normal and lower in the rats in group B and C which were fed without a diet change. The rats in group A had appearent fatty tissues in abdomen and aroud the different areas of the body. In histopathological examination, the liver in group A rats was associated with hepatic steatosis, which covered approxiamtely 10% of the liver, due to excessive fatty nutrition. In a dependent manner, the rats in groups B and C had lower triglyceride and glucose levels and higher HDL levels. In conclusion, the Thermolife Ixir productcauses weight loss and fat burning in rats in a dose dependent manner that is also associated with increase in HDL as well decrease in triglyceride and glucose levels.

OBJECTIVE To assess effects of basal-bolus insulin treatment (BBIT) with lispro and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulins, compared with NPH insulin alone, on serum fructosamine concentration (SFC) and postprandial blood glucose concentration (BGC) in dogs with clinically well-controlled diabetes mellitus and postprandial hyperglycemia fed a high insoluble fiber–content diet. ANIMALS 6 client-owned dogs with diabetes mellitus. PROCEDURES Blood samples were collected for BGC and SFC measurement in hospitalized dogs just before feeding and routine SC NPH insulin administration (time 0); samples were collected for BGC measurement every 30 minutes for 2 hours, then every 2 hours for up to 10 additional hours. Postprandial hyperglycemia was identified when BGC 30 minutes after insulin administration exceeded BGC at time 0 or the 1-hour time point. For BBIT, owners were instructed to continue NPH insulin administration at the usual dosage at home (q 12 h, with feeding) and to administer lispro insulin (0.1 U/Kg, SC) separately at the time of NPH injections. Two weeks later, SFC and BGC measurements were repeated; results at the start and end of the study were compared statistically. RESULTS Median SFC was significantly higher at the start (400 μmol/L) than at the end (390 μmol/L) of the study. Median 1-hour (313 mg/dL) and 1.5-hour (239 mg/dL) BGC measurements at the start of the study were significantly higher than those at the end of the study (117 and 94 mg/dL, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this sample of dogs with well-controlled diabetes mellitus, addition of lispro insulin to an existing treatment regimen of NPH insulin and dietary management significantly decreased postprandial BGCs. Further study of BBIT for dogs with diabetes mellitus is warranted.