Culicoides are the biting midges that are involved in the transmission of bluetongue, an economically important disease of small ruminants particularly sheep. The prevalence of Culicoides species in and around sheep farms of selected districts of Tamil Nadu was investigated by setting up UV- LED CDC traps. A total of 1787 specimens of Culicoides were collected, out of which Culicoides imicola was found to be in abundance. The other species included Culicoides oxystoma, Culicoides peregrinus, Culicoides brevitarsis and Culicoides fulvus. It was found that female midges outnumbered the male population in all the identified species. The overall percentage distribution of pigmented, non-pigmented, blood fed and gravid forms were observed to be 25.73%, 25.49%, 38.95% and 9.81% respectively. Morphological identification was complemented by molecular characterization using barcodes obtained by amplification of the mitochondrial eytochrome oxidase gene. The results of BLAST analysis revealed that all the other four species grouped with their respective species clusters except C. oxystoma which showed a higher degree of genetic divergence.

A Jersey crossbred cow was admitted with the history of dystocia. A large sized anasarcous fetus along with ascites and hydrocephalus was delivered after puncture and draining of Àuid using William's long obstetrical hook and traction.

Proventriculo-ventricular intussusception is the telescoping of proventricular portion of the avian stomach into the ventriculus. Even though occurrence of intestinal intussusceptions in chickens commonly observed, the reports on proventriculo-ventricular intussusceptions were very scarce. The study was done as a part of screening the gut lesions in the chicken carcasses for a period of one year and 18078 chicken carcasses of multiple age groups belonging to 15 pure line breeds and two commercial breeds were screened. Proventriculoventricular intussusceptions noticed in two female PD2/Vanaraja chicks of 4 days and 3 weeks of age and in a 9 weeks old male Nicobari grower. While the intussuscepted proventriculus of Vanraraja chicks had unremarkable inflammatory lesions, severe congestion of proventriculus along with koilin displacement in the anterior portions of ventriculus were evident in Nicobari grower. The present study, point out the occurrence of proventriculoventricular intussusception in young synthetic and native lines of chicken. 

Accurate detection of oestrus is a key factor for breeding and successful conception in buffaloes which is a major constraint in buffaloes. Protein concentrations of saliva and cervico vaginal fluid (CVF) were determined during various stages in normal cycling, silent oestrus and anoestrus buffaloes. Eighteen pluriparous buffaloes were selected and divided into Group I (regular oestrus; n=6), Group II (silent oestrus; n=6) and Group III (anoestrus n=6) buffaloes. Saliva was collected at proestrus, oestrus and diestrus stages of Group 1 and II animals and on a random day in Group III animals. CVF were collected only at oestrus stage of Group I and Group II buffaloes. Intense, intermediate and no oestrus signs were noticed in Group I, II and III buffaloes respectively. Non-significantly higher protein concentration was recorded in saliva and CVF during oestrus stage in Group I and II buffaloes.

An one and half years old tom cat weighing 5.2 kg was presented at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Navania, with the history of swallowing a sewing-needle along with the thread. Lateral radiograph was taken for confirmatory diagnosis. Diagnosis and a successful surgical retrieval of ingested 3.4 cms long sewing-needle attached with 17 cms long thread was carried out and the animal recovered by a week after surgery without any complications.

The effect of GnRH pretreatment on superovulatory response (SOR) and embryo yield in crossbred cattle was studied. Six crossbred cows were subjected to three superovulatory treatments: i. Control: Four day FSH schedule was initiated on Day 10 of the cycle ii. Gn-D8: GnRH was administered on Day 6 and FSH schedule was initiated on Day 8 and iii. Gn­D10: GnRH was administered on Day 6 and FSH schedule was initiated on Day 10. In control group, the mean SOR was 13.7 + 5.8 CL. In Gn-D8 group, the SOR is inconsistent (5.0 ± 1.7) with recovery of poor quality embryos, which was attributed to significantly higher progesterone concentration on the day of superovulatory oestrus. In Gn-D10 group, SOR (11.0 ± 1.6) and embryo yield were comparable to the control group. Transferable quality embryos were signcantly higher in Gn-D10 group which could be attributed to the follicular maturation under favourable endocrine environment. Thus, GnRH pretreatment in superovulation protocol ensured consistent SOR and increased yield of transferable quality embryos in crossbred cattle.

The objective of the study is to analyze the alterations in the protein profile of follicular cells in normal cyclic and acyclic anoestrus water buffaloes. Ovaries from sexually mature buffaloes were collected from abattoir and categorized into two groups viz., i. Cyclic and ii. Acyclic. In both the categories of ovaries, the follicular fluid (FF) was aspirated from all large follicles (> 9mm diameter) and small follicles (< 9 mm diameter) separately. FF was centrifuged and four categories of pelleted granulosa cells (CSG and ASG: Granulosa cells of small follicles in cyclic and acyclic groups respectively; CLG and ALG: Granulosa cells of large follicles in cyclic and acyclic groups respectively) were subjected for SDS-PAGE analysis. A total of 30 and 18 bands (from 7.1 to 209.0 kDa) were observed in CSG and CLG categories, while 16 bands in each of the ASG and ALG were recorded. It was observed that 40 per cent of bands present in the CSG group were not observed in CLG group. On the contrary, almost all the proteins found in ASG group were retained in the ALG group. It can be inferred that a group of small molecular weight granulosa cell proteins, correlating to IGF / IGFBP system, play a key role in providing a favorable proteo-genomic environment in the early stages of follicular development. In acyclic animals, retaining of such proteins in the large follicles indicated that the non-availability of metabolic factors needed for final maturation of follicles.

A 2 years old Labrador dog brought with history of ingestion of a newly paper covered packet shaving blade immediately falling from owner's hand during his shaving one day after the incident. There were no clinical signs observed and the dog was normal. Lateral radiography taken showed radio-opaque shaving blade in the stomach area. Solid food was not given after ingestion of shaving blade till surgical intervention and under general anaesthesia shaving blade was removed surgically. The stomach was sutured with vicryl no. 1/0 in continuous lumbert and cushing pattern in double layer. Post-operatively administration of antibiotics, analgesics and regular dressing of wound was done and dog recovered uneventfully.

Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen DRB3 (BoLA-DRB3), a gene of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has received attention because this is considered to be a potential genetic marker associated with disease resistance traits in cattle. Hence, a study was taken up to characterize BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles in the 60 Ongole animals. The most common alleles observed in Ongole cattle was *15 and *6 with frequency of 0.225 and 0.200, respectively. Of the 22 identified alleles detedted, these 7 allleles (BoLA-DRB3.2*15,*6,*12,*13,*23, *31 and *47) represented 77.5 percent of allelic frequencies. Result indicated that the BoLADRB3 exon 2 was highly polymorphic in Ongole cattle. Direct sequencing BoLA-DRB3.2 allele reveled that at nucleotide at position 91 and 133 of the sequence had both A and G nucleotides in contrast to T nucleotide of Bos taurus breed and the variations leads to different band pattern in gels.

A study was conducted to assess the quality control practices of both physical and chemical methods of evaluation adopted by feed mills in India while procuring the feed ingredients for preparing poultry feeds. Based on physical methods of evaluation of different feed ingredients, 6.4 % of lots were found to be inferior quality out of 2606 lots tested. The results indicated that the moisture content of grains procured during the period from October to December months was high whereas it was low from April to July. The protein content of soybean meal varied from 45.5 to 47.5% while its solubility varied from 72.1 to 83.2%. The rejection of raw material consignments was 7.85 %. The major reasons for rejection included high moisture, low protein, high level of sand amp; silica, adulteration / contamination with foreign materials. the findings of this study emphasis ther sgnificance of strict quality control measures to be adopted to ensure feed and food safety.