This study was carried out to investigate the origin, insertion, direction of muscle fibers and structure of the ear muscles of the Korean native goat. The description was based on the dissection of fifteen Korean native goats with embalming fluid. The ear muscles of the Korean native goat were composed of the Musculus zygomaticoauricularis, M. scutuloauricularis superficialis, M. scutuloauricularis profundus, M. frontoscutularis, M. interscutularis, M. parietoauricularis, M. cervicoscutularis, M. cervicoauricularis superficialis, M. cervicoauricularis medius, M. cervicoauricularis profundus, M. auricularis profundus posterior and M. parotidoauricularis. The M. frontoscutularis clearly seperated into temporal and frontal parts in 6 cases. The M. scutuloauricularis profundus clearly separated into major and minor parts. The M. zygomaticoauricularis blended with the M. parotidoauricularis near its insertion, but not with the M. scutuloauricularis.

This study was performed to investigate the patterns of progesterone secretion after induction of estrus in premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. A total of 22 bitches were used. 18 bitches were treated with hormone to induced estrus and 4 bitches were untreated and served as controls. Estrus was induced with PGF 2 alpha, estrone, estradiol-17 beta, PMSG and HCG (Treatment A), and with PMSG and HCG (Treatment B). Blood samples were collected via the cephalic vein at 2 to 5 days interval. Blood samples were centrifuged (1,200g, 10min.) within 30 minutes after collection and plasma was stored at -20deg C until analyzed for the progesterone concentrations. Plamsa progesterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results of estrous induction were determined by estrous signs, overain response, egg recovery and progesterone patterns. All bitches in treatment A showed estrous signs, however the ovarian response and egg recovery were not detectable and the levels of progesterone were nearly same as before. In the treatment B, premature and metestrous bitches showed only estrous signs, however 5 of 7 anestrous bitches (71.4 %) showed estrous signs, ovarian response and changes of progesterone levels. In conclusion, clinical estrous behavior can be induced during any phase of the estrous cycle, but ovulation should be induced only if induction occur approximately 4 months or more after the previous estrus.

The present study was conducted in order to get the normal blood chemical values of Korean Jindo dogs. Blood samples were taken from 160 (male 34, female 126) healthy Jindo dogs in Jindo area. The mean values of serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb) and globulin (Glb) content, cholesterol (Chole), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) concentration in the group of less than one year old were 6.64 (male 6.62, female 6.64), 3.63 (male 3.57, female 3.65) and 3.00 (male 3.05, female 2.99) g/100ml, 170.97 (male 166.46, female 172.68) mg/100ml, 1.45 (male 1.43, female 1.46), 5.76 (male 5.62, female 5.81), 4.80 (male 4.95, female 4.75), 4.84 (male 4.72, female 4.89), 148.93 (male 148.79, female 148.98) and 110.22 (male 110.42, female 110.14) mEq/L, respectively, whereas the TP, Alb and Glb content, Chole Mg, Ca, P, K, Na and Cl concentration in the group of one year old and more were 6.88 (male 6.84, female 6.89), 3.65 (male 3.63, female 3.66) and 3.23 (male 3.21, female 3.23) g/100ml, 167.48 (male 173.80, female 166.48) mg/100ml, 1.40 (male 1.36, female 1.40), 5.69 (male 5.53, female 5.71), 4.62 (male 4.73, female 4.60), 4.88 (male 4.90, female 4.87), 149.86 (male 149.60, female 149.90)and 110.03 (male 110.70, female 109.92) mEq/L, respectively. The ratios of mean serum albumin to globulin (A/G), calcium to inorganic phosphate (Ca/P) and sodium to potassium (Na/K) in the group of less than one year old were 1.21 (male 1.17, female 1.22), 1.20 (male 1.14, female 1.22) and 30.77 (male 31.52, female 30.47), respectively, whereas the A/G, Ca/P and Na/K in the group of one year old and more were 1.13 (male 1.13, female 1.13), 1.23 (male 1.17, female 1.24) and 30.71 (male 30.53, female 30.78), respectively. The mean values of Alb content, Mg, Ca and K concentration, A/G and Ca/P ratio appeared to be higher in the female than in the male, whereas the reverse was the case with P concentration. No differences were found between male and female in the TP and Glb content, Chole, Na and Cl concentration and Na/K ratio.

In order to investigate the renal pathology of spontaneously occurring renal lesions, basic macroscopic inspection was conducted to 3,850 pigs randomly collected from local slaughter houses, and a total of 355 pigs (9.2 %) were detected with various gross pathological conditions. Renal morphologic patterns for gross lesions were classified histopathologically as 123 (34.5 %) congestion, 81 (22.8 %) acute interstitial nephritis, 52 (14.7 %) chronic interstitial nephritis, 49 (13.8 %) hemorrhage, 39 (11.0 %) renal cyst, 29 (8.2 %) chronic glomerulonephritis, 18 (5.1 %) acute glomeruonephritis, 14 (3.9 %) infarction, 11 (3.1 %) thrombosis, 5 (1.4 %) atrophy, 5 (1.4 %) pyelonephritis and 1 (0.3 %) lymphosarcoma.

Demi-embryos were successfully produced by bisection of ICR mouse embryos at preimplantation stages. They were microsurgically bisected using a microsurgical blade attached to a micromanipulator after pretreatment with 0.5 % pronase in PBS for two minutes or not. Embryos with softened zona pellucida were more easily bisected and less damaged than intact embryos. The highest success rate in bisection has been achieved by selecting blastocysts (94.1 % in success rate with intact blastocysts and 100 % in success rate with zona softened blastocysts). Demi-embryos without zona pellucida were cultured in D-PBS or M-16 medium at 37deg C, 5 % CO2 in air for 72 hours for 2-cell stage embryos, 48 hours for 4-to 8-cell stage embryos, 24 hours for morula stage embryos and 6-12 hours for blastocyst stage embryos. For the in vitro culture of 2-cell stage embryos, 100 micro M 2Na-EDTA was added to the media. M-16 medium was better for the in vitro development of mouse embryos than PBS, and PBS is not considered to be suitable for long-term culture of embryos, especially at early stage of cleavage. In M-16 medium, developing rate of demi-embryos of which pair underwent development to form eublastocysts was 15.8 % at 2-cell stage, 16.8 % at 4-cell stage, 38 % at 8-cell stage, 89.6 % at morula stage and 94.4 % at blastocyst stage, respectively. The more rapid and efficient production of demi-embryos and higher viability after bisection can be expected by softening zona pellucida with pronase and by selecting morulae or blastocysts rather than embryos at early stage of cleavage.

The changes in serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels, and BVD, IBR and PI-3 viral neutralizing antibody titers in colostrum-conferred Korean native calves during the first 12 weeks postpartum were studied. The mean concentration of total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM and IgA in sera of 9 calves at birth were 3.8 +- 0.5g/dl, 0.27 +- 0.15mg/ml, 0.06 +- 0.08mg/ml, 0.21 +- 0.11mg/ml, and extremely low concentration, respectively. Serum total protein level reached a maximum at 20 hours after birth, total immunoglobulin, IgG and IgM levels at 24 hours, and IgA level at 28 hours, respectively. Serum IgA level reached a minimum at 4 weeks old, IgM level at 5 weeks, total immunoglobulin level at 8 weeks, and IgG level at 10 weeks, respectively. After then those levels had begun to increase, but total protein level was still decreasing at 12 weeks old. The half-lives of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 21.1 days, 4.0 days, and 2.6 days respectively. In 10 Korean native cows immediately after parturition, serum neutralizing antibody titers specific to BVD, IBR and PI-3 virus were 8.7 +- 1.5 log2, 5.7 +-1.2 log2, and 6.8 +- 1.0 log2, respectively. And colostral neutralizing antibody titers against BVD, IBR, and PI-3 virus were 10.1 +- 1.4 log2, 6.8 +- 1.3 log2, and 7.8 +- 1.7 log2, respectively. Before suckling the colostrum, SN antibody titers against BVD, IBR, and PI-3 virus were undetectable from all of 9 Korean native calves. Nevertheless SN antibody titer against BVD virus reached a maximum level (9.2 +- 0.6 log2) at 24 hours after birth, that against IBR virus (6.1 +- 1.0 log2) at 20 hours after birth, and that against PI-3 virus (6.8 +- 0.9 log2) at 32 hours after birth, respectively. In 12 weeks old calves, the SN antibodies against BVD and IBR virus were still decreasing, but that against PI-3 virus reached a minimum at 10 weeks, and increased after 12 weeks of age. The half-lives of SN antibodies against BVD, PI-3 and IBR, virus were 16.0 days, 22.6 days, and 25.5 days, respectively.