The livestock sector has a good growth potential. One of the major challenges is huge shortage of fodder, more so during drought situations and in summer. As part of fodder security policy, government of Andhra Pradesh has started Ooruraa Pasu Graasa Kshetralu (OPGK) scheme. It is felt necessary to study the influencing factors for adoption and hence the study entitled “Correlation of adoption of OPGK scheme with socio-profile characteristics of dairy farmers in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh” was undertaken. Respondents from each of the six mandal’s of Srikakulam district formed a sample size of 120 farmers.. Correlation coefficient (r) computed showed that, age, socio-economic status, social participation, innovativeness, mass media exposure, extension contact, economic orientation, achievement motivation and risk orientation were the influencing factors for adoption of OPGK scheme.

Glyphosate is an organophosphorus herbicide widely used in agricultural practices. The present study was conducted to find out the protective effect of P. amarus aqueous extract against hematobiochemical alterations caused by glyphosate toxicity in Wistar rats. About 60 Wistar rats were randomly (n=12) divided into five groups: Group 1 (Control group), Group 2 (Glyphosate (GLP)-500 mg/kg),Group 3 (Phyllanthus amarus (PA)-100 mg/kg aqueous extract), Group4 (Glyphosate 500 mg/kg +Phyllanthus amarus 100 mg/kg aqueous extract-GLP +PA prophylactic) and Group 5 (Glyphosate 500 mg/kg (Upto 9 days) + Phyllanthus amarus 100 mg/kg aqueous extract-GLP+PA therapeutic (10th to 28th day)}. Haematological parameters, liver specific enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), kidney function tests (BUN and creatinine), serum electrolyte and minerals were studied in glyphosate induced toxicity. Phyllanthus amarus extract (Prophylactic and Therapeutic) showed highly significant reduction ((P<0.01) in the Haemoglobin, PCV and TEC compared with glyphosate group. Numerical reduction in the values of ALT, AST and ALP in the treatment groups compared with glyphosate group. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in the values of BUN and creatinine observed in treatment groups compared with glyphosate group. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in the value of sodium observed in treatment groups compared with glyphosate group.The results indicated that P.amarus had partially protective effect on haematobiochemical changes caused by glyphosate toxicity in Wistar rats.

The study was undertaken to ascertain the present status of adoption of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge like complete adoption, partial adoption, discontinuance and rejection and its perceived attributes like relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability and trialability using the schedule developed for this purpose and its economic impact. Partial budgeting was done to assess the economic impact of adopting progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge. Farmers were aware about the progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge through the constituent units of TANUVAS like veterinary colleges, KVKs and VUTRCs (84%); veterinary officers (47%); extension workers (46%); friends and relatives (34%). Majority (80%) of the respondents reported to have completely adopted the innovation for treating infertility while the remaining (20%) had discontinued it. Majority of the dairy farmers (78%) were in the medium level of adoption behaviour about the innovation followed by low (12%) and high (10%) level. Most of the dairy farmers perceived that progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge was cheaper in price, exorbitantly profitable, time saving, situationally and culturally feasible, physically compatible, trialable, adoptable and the results are observable. Partial budgeting analysis revealed that net income of the dairy farmers was increased by Rs. 28,041.90 per dairy animal due to the adoption of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge in their infertile dairy animals. The present status of adoption of innovation by farmers was positively correlated with land holding and dairy animal possession and change in net income at 1% level, while their adoption behaviour was positively correlated with education and change in net income at 1% level and with land holding and extension agency at 5% level of significance.

Pre and postpartum genital prolapse pose a threat to buffalo farmers and incur a financial loss in terms of milk loss and treatment costs. Effective clinical management warranted to treat the genital prolapse in field condition. In this context the present study was carried out to compare different therapeutic regimens for the management of genital prolapse in graded Murrah buffaloes. Buffaloe heifers (n=6) and She buffaloes (n=14) with a history of straining, discomfort, protruded posterior vagina and cervix through vulval lips were diagnosed with pre and postpartum genital prolapse. Depending on the severity of the prolapsed mass, either with or without oedema, different treatment modalities (finely powdered sugar, POP IN spray®, ice cubes, and herbal PROLAPSE IN powder®) were tested and were found to be effective without any complications.

The transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm that is sexually transmitted between dogs. TVT lesions affect the mucus membranes of the external genitalia in dogs of both sexes. Tumour masses are seen in the caudal aspect of the penis and frequently the prepuce area in males and the posterior vaginal area, particularly the vestibule vaginal junction of females. Sixteen bitches of various ages (2-6 years) and breeds were brought to the clinics at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Gannavaram with the history of continuous oozing of blood from vagina, anorexia and depression. All these were diagnosed as TVT based on the history, clinical symptoms and cytological examination and therapy was initiated. At weekly intervals, all the bitches were administered with combination therapy of Vincristine sulphate (0.025 mg/kg body weight, strict and slow I/V) and Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight, strict S/C) for four consecutive weeks. All of the bitches underwent significant reduction in tumour size with improvement in general health during the course of therapy with exception that one bitch showed signs of anorexia and dullness.

Prosthogonimiasis is one of the most pathogenic neglected fluke infections affecting bursa Fabricii, oviduct and cloaca of poultry, reared in free ranging systems especially low intensity farming in rural areas. A farmer from Orathanadu brought a dead, ten months old hen with enlarged bursa Fabricii. A yellowish caseous mass of about 5 gm weight was present in the bursa Fabricii on the cut section. Microscopical examination of impression smears from caseous mass revealed a large number of ova of Prosthogonimus spp. Histopathologically, bursa Fabricii revealed proliferation of interfollicular fibrous tissue. Few follicles had turned into cyst like structures that contained irregular blue calcified material. Lymphoid depletion was seen in most of the follicles. This is the first report of Prosthogonimiasis in native chicken from Tamil Nadu.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of citric acid supplementation on growth performance of weaned LWY pigs up to market weight at 205 days. Thirty LWY weaned pigs were selected, divided randomly into five experimental groups and fed with five iso-nitrogenous and iso-calorie ad libitum diets, that contained citric acid at 0, 0.5 %, 1 % and 1.5 % and 2 % of feed. Feed intake was measured daily and body weight was recorded at fortnight intervals. The Escherichia coli count of excreta was estimated for all the weaned pigs for initial, middle and end of the experimental period. The weight gain was significantly (p<0.01) increased by 2.61, 4.59 and 4.74 % at 1 %, 1.5 % and 2 % citric acid supplemented groups than control. The feed intake decreased (p<0.05) and feed conversion efficiency improved (p<0.01) in citric acid supplemented groups as compared to control. Best feed efficiency was observed in 1.5 and 2 % citric acid supplemented groups. The Escherichia coli count in feces was significantly (p<0.01) decreased in citric acid supplemented groups than control and best results were observed in 1.5 and 2 % citric acid supplemented groups. It was concluded that the minimum level of citric acid supplementation at 1.5 % improved the growth performance and cost effectiveness to the maximum extent with lower faecal E. coli count in LWY pigs.

Low cost technologies for small and large scale production of meat products need to be developed to initiate and attract a large number of entrepreneurs to the processed meat industry. Retort pouches have advantages of shelf-stability, less weight, less storage space, ease of opening & preparation and storage without refrigeration.It has been shown that the use of retortable pouches for the thermo-processed foods is technical and commercially feasible. The present study was conducted to determine the suitable recipe formulation, retort processing temperature and shelf-life of the chicken curry with desi and broiler under ambient temperature (32+2°C)up to 3 months of period. Shelf-life studies included changes in microbiological, physicochemical composition and sensory characters.

Rabies is zoonotic viral encephalitis targeting the nervous system of several vertebrates and transmitted mostly through the saliva of the infected host causing extensive neurological dysfunction. In this study, 873 post-mortem examinations of different species of animals were done in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Pookode and 17.64% were diagnosed as rabies positive by using direct fluorescent test (d-FAT). Out of all the rabies positive cases, 76.6% were dogs, 9.1% large ruminants, 8.4% cats and 4.5% goats. In dogs, non-descript dogs were highest followed by Labrador, Pomeranian, German Shepherd, crossbred dogs, Rottweiler, Doberman and Spitz. The male dogs contributed about 69.5% of positive cases. Highest number of cases of rabies in animals were found during the winter season (January to March) comprising 33.76% of all the rabies cases.

The study was conducted to assess the perceived impact of the Tribal Sub Plan project on the tribal beneficiaries in terms of socio-economic upliftment. Critical inputs namely sheep/goats, desi chicken, concentrate feed for sheep/goats, dewormers and vaccines, wire net for poultry housing, poultry feed and veterinary first aid kit were provided to the selected beneficiaries. With regard to the perceived direct impact, majority of the beneficiaries opined that their income had increased substantially due to the involvement in the tribal project. Enhanced income was observed through direct marketing and each farmer beneficiary was earning Rs.700-1000/ month by way of selling sheep/goat kids and desi chicken eggs. Among the indirect consequences, significant social, economic and behavioural impact was perceived by majority of the beneficiaries. With regard to social impact, there was increased outside contact followed by changes in food habit, increased organizational participation, better relation and credibility with officers and veterinarians and recognition in the society. With regard to economic impact, majority of the farmers perceived that there was substantial increase in family employment and in addition, few farmers were able to renovate their houses, purchased new land and household materials, invested in monthly savings and cleared their debts. As far as the behavioural impact, majority developed positive attitude towards livestock farming activities and there was increased awareness on the tribal schemes implemented by the Government. Further, majority of the beneficiaries have acquired newer skills namely azolla cultivation, vermicomposting, poultry chick candling and hatching due to their active involvement in the tribal project.