An experiment was conducted on 18 un-castrated crossbred (Beetal x Assam local) kids of 3-4 months of age to study the effect of shed roof colour and bedding materials on growth performance during winter season. Three groups of six kids in each were housed in three sheds: T1 (shed roof painted with black colour on top and white colour inside and paddy straw bedding material mixed with hydrated lime, T2 (shed roof painted with black colour on top only and paddy straw without any treatment and T3 (shed roof without any colour and bedding material). The shed T1 and T2 were covered with hessian clothes except the ventilators. The roof shed painted with black colour on top and white colour inside along with hydrated lime mixed bedding material (T1) might have provided better and comfortable micro environment both in terms of optimum temperature and hygienic condition that resulted in significantly (P<0.010) higher body weight in kids (9.59 ± 0.20 kg) than T2 (9.15 ± 0.17 kg) and T3 (8.96 ± 0.0.33kg) respectively. 

In animal breeding, genetic disorders are one of the most important issues for breeders. The present study was carried out to genotype HF crossbred cattle for FXI deficiency and CVM using PCR and PCR-RFLP using 50 blood samples. Amplicons of 244 bp for FXI gene and the 287 bp for SLC35A3 gene were successfully amplified. Analysis of amplicons of FXI gene revealed single 244 bp fragment which indicates absence of mutant allele. The amplicons of 287 bp of SLC35A3 gene was digested with Pst I RE which revealed two fragments of size 264 bp and 23 bp  for normal animals. In the present study, out of fifty HF crossbred animals screened neither carrier nor affected animals were found for FXID and CVM.

The gross studies on the hippocampus were made on 10 specimens each of calves and adults of the Indian buffalo. The hippocampus was a curved elevation, lying immediately ventral to the splenium of the corpus callosum, dorsal to the lateral aspect of the thalamus. It occupied the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The ventricular surface of the hippocampus was covered by a thin layer of white matter, the alveus. Rostrolaterally the alveus joined a thick fibrous band, the hippocampal fimbria which connected the alveus to the fornix. On the ventromedial aspect, a deep groove, the hippocampal sulcus, separated this surface into lateral and medial portions. 

Coagulase negative Staphylococci were considered as commensal organisms or contaminants with limited pathogenic potential. However, they are becoming more frequently associated with nosocomial infections in human and skin infections in animals. In this study, we attempted to isolate and identify the Staphylococci species that causes dermatological infections in dogs. Out of 35 isolates, 27 were identified as S.pseudintermedius and 3 as S.schleiferisubspschleiferi. Among three S.schleiferi isolates, 2 were closely related to S.schleiferi ATCC strain in pta gene sequences.  Methicillin resistant gene (mecA) was not detected in these isolates. All three isolates were susceptible to oxacillin, amikacin, gentamicin and tetracycline, intermediate susceptibility to ceftriaxone and resistant to Penicillin, ampicillin, sulphadiazine. S.schleiferi is an emerging cause of infections in veterinary patients. None of the isolate produced biofilm in microtitre tissue culture plate adherence method. This is the first report of isolation and identification of S.schleiferi from canine skin infections from India. Further studies are needed for early detection and virulence factors of S.schleiferi in the pathogenesis of pyoderma and otitis in dogs.

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of frozen storage on the physico-chemical quality of quail breast meat. Six weeks old broiler quails were collected, slaughtered, dressed hygienically. Quail breast meat samples were collected from dressed carcass which was packed in low density polyethylene pouches taking optimum care to avoid contamination and stored at -18 ± 20 C for 60 days.  Fresh as well as frozen quail breast meat samples were evaluated for physico-chemical and histological changes. Frozen meat samples were analyzed after thawing at 4 ± 10 C for 12 hrs at an interval of 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. It was observed that with advancement of the frozen storage period pH, TBA value, tyrosine value and drip loss increased, whereas moisture, protein, fat and ERV content of quail meat decreased. Pronounced structural changes reported at later part of storage in histological study due to formation of ice crystals in the muscles. It shows that quail meat can be safely stored for 60 days in frozen state without any marked changes.

The bacteriocin nisin at various concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300 IU/ml) was studied as a bio-preservative to extend the shelf life of standardized, pasteurized milk. A minimum of one-week extension in shelf life was obtained for standardized milk at 4°C. Higher concentrations of nisin showed no additional effect. The effect of nisin on physico-chemical, microbial and sensory qualities were also studied. Addition of nisin had significantly reduced the development of acidity and standard plate count during storage. Addition of higher levels of nisin had significantly affected the sensory scores.

Sub-adult Macrobrachium rosenbergii were reared in plastic tank and fed on Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFA) enriched Artemia, unenriched Artemia and commercial feed in order to investigate the relationship of moulting to growth. Moulting frequency was found to vary according to diet. HUFA enriched artemia fed sub-adults had greater frequency of moulting than other feed.

The brain samples were collected from 10 calves and 10 adult Indian buffaloes. Routine histological and histochemical processing and sectioning were done. The hippocampus was a curved elevation, lying immediately ventral to the splenium of the thalamus. Longitudinal section showed the ependyma, the alveus, the stratum oriens, the stratum pyramidale, the stratum radiatum, the stratum lacunosum and the stratum moleculare from above downwards. The prominent layer was the stratum pyramidale, composed of pyramidal cells in 2-3 rows. The four fields of the cornu ammonis, (CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4) were identified based on the sizes of the pyramidal cells and their dendritic arborizations, both in the calf and in the adult. The presence of mucopolysaccharides was recorded. 

The present study was carried out to find out the histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) under sublethal concentrations of Zinc. Fishes were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of 0.572, 1.145, 2.289, 4.578 and 9.156 mg.l -1 for 28 days which are 1/10 of their 96hr LC. The histological samples of gill, liver and kidney were collected from 14 th, 50th  and 28th day and stained by haematoxylin and eosin, observed under trinocular microscope. Vacuolation, hyperplasia, epithelial lifting and lamellar fusion, shrinkage of blood vessels, secondary lamellar damage, breakdown of epithelial cells, blood congestion and necrosis were observed in gill. Rupture of nucleus, congested blood vessels, hemorrhage in liver sinuses, increased size of kupffer cell, increased pycnotic nucleus, hypertrophied hepatocytes, vacuolation, cellular necrosis, rupture of hepatocytes were observed in liver of zinc treated fish. Shrunken glomerulus, vacuolation, blood congestion, increased in space of periglomerular, increased in space of peritubular, melanomacrophages, loss of cytoplasm, fat deposition, degenerated tubules and degenerated glomerulus were seen in kidney. The above results showed that sub-lethal toxicity of Zinc alter the internal organs of goldfish at lower concentration.

Length-Weight relationship was studied in Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, for a period of nine months from September 2012 to May 2013. The slope value (b) estimated for O. niloticus niloticus of both sexes was found to be 2.3133. The regression equations calculated for female was Log W = -3.4168 + 2.3133 Log L. The correlations coefficient was found to be significant (P<0.01). The significant difference between sexes of the species ‘F’ value was at 1% level. The b value differed from the ideal cube law of ‘3’ as is with the case of length-weight relationship studied in this species else where. The slope value was compared here could be very useful for comparison with the tilapia species in other geographical locations.