This study focusing on the importance of Candida albicans growth conditions on SAP8and SAP10 genes expression, as a member of the Secreted Aspartic Proteases superfamily genesthat play a role in the pathogenicity of C. albicans and the effects of this conditions on thepathogenicity of this bacterium in albino mice.Ten pathogenic isolates of C. albicans weregrown on two different conditions using RPMI1640 medium at 37° C for mimic host conditionand on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) at 25° C as in vitro condition. Sets of primers were usedto detect SAP8 and SAP10 genes expression in each condition. Forty BALB/c albino mice wereassigned to groups and inoculated with 1 X 107 cells/mouse of C. albicans grown in the studyconditions as challenge dose. Kidneys, lungs, and liver were collected to study the pathologicalchanges. Data show overexpression of the SAP8 gene in study isolates grown in RPMI1640comparison to the SAP10 gene. Kidneys, liver, and lungs showed pathological lesions at adifferent range of severity, a significant severe lesion in the kidney in mice injected with C.albicans grown in RPMI 1640 medium, while in contrast the significant severe liver and lunglesions were observed in mice injected with C. albicans grown in SDA medium. This studypoints out that the growth condition of C. albicans plays a role in the pathogenicity of thismicroorganism and SAP8 gene related to the infection process in the host.

Antibacterial drug resistance is an increasingly worldwide occurred health problempresented by bacterial-originated defectiveness to the work of a wide-range of antibacterialdrugs. Uncovering the antibacterial effects of ethanolic extract of garlic (Allium sativum) (Glc)and sumac (Rhus coriaria) (Smc) on Salmonella typhimurium isolated from chickens was themain goal of the present study.Fifty samples of intestinal contents of chickens were collectedrandomly from various farms located in Al-Diwaniyah province,All specimens inoculated intoon macconky agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar at 37c for 24-48-hr, also examined on XLD agarand Salmonella CHROME agar Allium sativum( Glc) or Rhus coriaria (Smc )extract, atdifferent concentrations, or antibacterial drugs (control), 10mcg ciprofloxacin (Cip), 30mcgamoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Amc), 10mcg neomycin (N), were employed to test theirantibacterial activities (AAs) against S. typhimurium using agar-gel diffusion tests, Theexperiment included an investigation about of one isolates from origin 6 isolates of S.typhimurium , 6 out of the 50 chicken samples (12%) were culture positive for salmonella typhimurium , Significant (p˂0.05) increases in the AAs against S. typhimurium were shown byGlc or Smc extracts when compared to those from the antibiotics. Moreover, these AA increaseswere revealed to be incremented as the concentrations of those extracts were elevated. Nosignificant (p˃0.05) differences were demonstrated between the AAs of both extracts. Inaddition, Cip, Amc, and N showed AAs against S. typhimurium; however, Cip revealed thestrongest AAs followed by Amc.

This experiment was done to assess the effect of Chlorella, as a source of protein, andgerminated barley powder, as a source of natural prebiotic, on the performance of commoncarp. The experiment was conducted by using one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) with acompletely randomized design (CRD). Higher significantly in T2 with 5% Chlorella and T5(20% germinated barley). FCR recorded significant differences among treatment as comparedto T5 (20% germinated barley), and the opposite was observed in FER. T5 with 20%germinated barley was differing significantly in each of the spleen somatic and kidneysomatic indices. Adding germinated barley leads to enhanced intestine weight index in T4 andT5. The parameters were hepatosomatic and gill somatic indices, condition factor, fish weightwithout viscera, fish weight without viscera and head, lipids, ash and moisture, organolepticevaluation of mean juiciness, flavor, color, and complete acceptance. We conclude that theuse of Chlorella and germinated barley potentially enhances the growth performance and fish meat quality. We recommend using both plants in earthen ponds to rely on using natural products in fish feeding.

Histological sections of the embryos and fetuses of the Sprague Dawley rats were usedto study the ocular developmental stages. Microscopic examination indicated that the primordialtissue related to the eye is found in the head fold region as an optic pit, then form the opticvesicle. The latter is invaginated upon itself to form the optic cup. The lens vesicle, which hadseparated from the ectoderm, was distinctly visible. Hence, lens capsule and fibers were evident.The front lens of the eye is derived from the superficial ectoderm and from the cornea.The optic vesicle is destined to form the retina. The mesenchymal cells found between themargins of the cup and the lens is involved in the formation of the vitreous body. In conclusion,the organogenesis of the ocular tissues in studied rats becomes evident when the optic cup andinvaginated lens placode were begun to be formed which can bemorphologically identified on the 12th embryonic day. The current information about theembryonic and fetal development of the rat’s eye gives more concepts for subsequentmorphological and physiological works or experiments.

Camels’ milk has gained so many attentions recently because of its unique therapeuticeffects. Iraq is one of the Arab countries with a long history of camel husbandry and few studiesregarding this important products’ compositions. In this study fresh milk samples from 78apparently healthy she camels from Wasit province were collected and analyzed. According tothe results means ± Standard Deviation (SD) for Fat, Protein, and Lactose were 3.48 ± 0.95, 4.23± 1.61 and 4.3 ± 2.56 percent, respectively. In addition, values for Total solids, Solid non-fat,Salt values were 9.0 ± 1.43, 8.64 ± 1.75, and 0.73 ± 0.08 percent, respectively. And means ± SDfor Density was 1.031 ± 0.0032 g/cm3 in this study. Data analysis revealed that sampling datewas correlated with the milk’s fat, density, and pH (p<0.05). She camels’ age was correlatedwith salt values of their milk (p<0.001); while, their parity numbers correlated with the proteinand salt values of the milk (p<0.05). Our findings fell within the published literature with minorvariations; however, higher means for fat, protein and lactose were yielded compared to studiesfrom other countries. Owners should be educated that they could obtain milk with better qualityand higher quantity by improving feeding and husbandry measures.

This study was designed to Evaluate the biological activity of Schiff base derived fromphenyl ethyl amine produced novel compound used in this experiment. Thirty adult male ratsage (10-14) weeks (150-200) gm weights were included and separate randomly into 5 groups (6rats / group) and treated for 21days intraperitoneally (I.P) as follows:- Group 1 (control):0.5ml/day of DMSO daily ,Group 2: 18mg/kg of NaNO2, daily ,Group 3 94 mg/kg of phenylethyl amine daily ,Group 4 18 mg/kg of NaNO2, then after one hour 0.5ml/day from 66.8mg/kgof synthesis compound daily , Group 5: 0.5ml/day from 66.8mg/kg of synthesized compound.According to finding Results there was significant ameliorative effects of Schiff base againstsodium nitrate toxicity in several physiological parameters as (R.B.C. count , Hb. concentration ,PCV. ,W.B.C. count MID%, TSH,T3 andT4 levels ) which the result showed there weresignificant decreased in this parameters in group 5 where administrate sodium nitrate and afterone hour novel compound in compared with group 2 sodium nitrate alone .

The cats might severely affected and became carrier for Hemoplasma spp., sothe current study were aimed to investigate hemoplasmosis in cate in Basarh city,Iraq.This work was conducted via examine (20) cats of local cat breeds in Basarhcity, using their blood samples for stained smear and blood parameters.The Giemsastained blood smears revealed seven (35%) cats infected with Hemoplasmosis.However, thirteen (65%) was found negative. Diseased cats show pale and or/ictericmucos membranes, dehydration, emaciation, loos of appetite, and weakness,Moreover , a significant increase of body temperature, respiratory and heart rate wasindicated. Results was also show a significant decrease of RBC,HB and PCV ofdiseased cats which reflected Normocytic Normochromic type of anemia.Hemoplasma spp. of infected cats appears round or rod shape singular or chainedlocated on the cell membranes of the infected erythrocytes .It was concluded thatfeline mycoplasmosis lead to deleterious effects which might terminated with deathof affected cats .

The aim of study was to explore the analgesic and sedative effects of tramadoland metoclopramide co-adminstration in sheep. Injection of tramadol intramuscular at5mg/kg body weight in sheep produced deep sedation, recompense and analgesia incomparison with dose of 2.5mg/kg body weight which produced only mild sedationand failed as analgesic dose. Intramuscular injection of metoclopramide at 20mg/kgbody weight in sheep produced deep sedation, recompense and analgesia incomparisons with dose of 10 mg/kg which produced only sedation and failed asanalgesic dose. Intramuscular injection of metoclopramide at dose20mg/kg ortramadol at 5mg/kg body weight in sheep each alone were produced deep sedation,recumbence and analgesia while metoclopramide at 10mg/kg body weight or tramadola(t2.5mg/kg b. W) produced only mild sedation and each dose felid to producedanalgesia in sheep. Concomitant administration of tramadol at dose2.5mg/kg bodyweight to sheep and metoclopramide at dose 10mg/kg body weight intramuscular assedatives not analgesia dose produced a significant increase in sedation score andproduced deep sedation with recompense as well as good analgesia in comparisonwith control group and group of tramadol or metoclopramide alone.

This study aims to manufacture protein concentrates from the hydrolysates protein ofpoultry feathers and camel hair and comparing the effect of using these protein concentrates onsome productive characteristics. The studied traits included the percentage of egg production,feed consumption, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion efficiency, and total mortality. As wellas the sensory characteristics of meat (colour, tenderness, juiciness, flavour and generalacceptance). A total of 90 quail females aged 36 weeks were randomly assigned to threetreatments (3 replicates for each treatment). The birds fed the following experimental diets: Thefirst treatment (control diet containing 5% commercial protein concentrates). The secondtreatment (a diet containing hydrolysates protein manufacture from the feather of 5%). The thirdtreatment (a diet containing hydrolysates protein manufacture of camel hair by 5%). The resultsshowed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the percentage of egg production, egg mass, andfeed conversion efficiency. Except for feed consumption, weight of eggs and total mortality rate,the differences were not significant. As for the sensory qualities, the quail meat samples treatedwith the protein concentrates made of feathers and camel hair have a higher degree of flavourcompared to the control treatment. Differences did not appear in the degree of generalacceptance of the meat product of birds in various treatment. It can be concluded that theaddition of protein hydrolysates from poultry feathers and camel hair to the diets of Japanesequail by 5% improve the productive performance of this bird and most meat qualities.

The establishment of modern sheep production systems in Iraq, lead to presence of variousforms of hybridization between the native and Middle East breeds which have been utilized forgenetic improvement. This occur in consistence with the progressive destruction or deteriorationof sheep habitat. Together, these factors have accelerated the loss of genetic diversity or evenresulted in the extinction of some indigenous breeds. Therefore, it is important to developefficient strategies for surveillance, evaluation, conservation and utilization of the availablegenetic resources for this species. Seven random amplification polymorphism DNA (RAPD)marker used. The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity for Awassi native breed inIraq. The higher polymorphism information contents at the seven markers (Seventy- three bandsobtained with 28.3% of polymorphism) indicate the retention of natural variation from sourcepopulations for the domestic breeds of different geographic regions in Iraq. Analysis of geneticdifferentiation revealed substantial divergence among these breeds as 16% diversity indicatingthat some evolutionary forces (e.g. selection and migration, uncontrolled selling across borders)had acted on these populations. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses displayed aremarkable degree of consistency between geographic origins, breeding histories and the patternof genetic differentiation.