Haemorrhagic septicaemia is an economically important contagious disease of cattle, buffaloes and bison. In the present study, the efficacy of the vaccines prepared from cell free and cell associated antigens of disease causing organism Pasteurella multocida wasevaluated in mice. From the present study, it was observed that both cell associated and cell free antigens provided protective immunity to the vaccinated animals in combination with each other and increasing the content of both the antigens improved the efficacy of the vaccine blends. In conclusion, use of both cell associated and cell free antigens in vaccine formulations are warranted for developing improved vaccines against Haemorrhagic septicaemia.

The present study was carried out to study the effect of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on blood and serum parameters of broilers. Day old broilers (n=180) were distributed randomly into six dietary groups each with five replicates of 6 birds. The dietary treatments include Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0% (T1; negative control), T1 + Vit-E, Se, Vit-C (T2; positive control), 1.5% (T3), 3.0% (T4), 4.5% (T5) and 6.0% (T6) levels by marginal adjustment of other feed ingredients. PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and H/L ratio were not inÀuenced by the level of MOLM in diet. Decreased (p<0.01) serum cholesterol and increased HI titers (p<0.05), serum protein (p<0.05), globulin (p<0.01) with increasing MOLM in diets. Results showed that MOLM can be included up to 6% without any deleterious effect on health status of the broilers and meat production with low cholesterol.

Data of 229 hatches of commercial country chicken hatchery for a period of four years from 2017-2020 was collected and analyzed to study the effect of genetic makeup and season on fertility and hatchability in chicken varieties developed for rural chicken rearing viz., Aseel cross, Kaveri, Grampriya and Vanaraja. Kaveri chicken varieties recorded significantly higher fertility of 85.04 per cent (P<0.01) followed by Aseel cross, Gramapriya and Vanaraja which are comparable in fertility values of 81.68, 81.33 and 82.80 per cent, respectively. In terms of fertile and total hatchability, Kaveri recorded significantly higher values of 94.16 and 80.08 per cent than other varieties. Winter and North East Monsoon seasons recorded significantly higher value of 89.39 and 87.91 per cent in Kaveri, 85.22 and 83.84 per cent in Aseel Cross and 84.85 and 86.42 per cent in Gramapriya. On the other hand, summer season recorded the lowest fertility rates in all the chicken varieties.

The aim of the present study was to standardize and evaluate and acceptance of Japanese quail egg pickle. A simple, cost-effective and efficient technology need to be developed for pickling of Japanese quail eggs for storage at ambient temperature and marketing it in a ready-to-eat form for at least 6 months. Results on sensory evaluation revealed that highly acceptable nutrient rich Japanese quail egg pickle prepared by soaking in citric acid solution was superior than those made from other trials and recorded highest sensory score of 8.0. Storage study showed that the pickles stored in both food grade pouches and glass bottles could be stored up to six months. Training programmes were organized to demonstrate Japanese quail egg pickle production among farmers, farm women and SHG women. Feedback of the farmers and SHG showed that the Japanese quail egg pickles was tasty and can be used as side dish for any food item, easy to prepare and market. A case study on a successful entrepreneur showed that Japanese quail egg pickle had a good demand among the people suffering from respiratory problems. The pickle was sold as 200g bottle with a profit margin of 40 per cent. Developed Japanese quail egg pickles are also sold in 200 g bottle at the KVK Rural mart with FSSAI license and labeling.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, OIE notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats. PPR is enzootic in India as a greater number of outbreaks have occurred in the past and now occurring regularly round the year and throughout the country. The PPR outbreaks in sheep and goats have declined in some of the Indian states Viz., Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Chhattisgarh after implementing the strategic mass vaccination campaigns. The decreased number of outbreaks, as well as changes in the disease severity patterns and distribution, might be due to the effectiveness of the vaccine, timely vaccination, and most importantly effective implementation of the vaccination strategic plan. This review is focused upon the overall understanding of the National PPR Control Programme (PPR -CP) and its strategies vaccination implantation in India for the control and eradication of PPR. 

On post-mortem examination helminthic worms were collected from the intestine of a backyard native chicken in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu during the month of November 2020. These helminths were identified as Ascaridia galli, Raillietina echinobothrida and Heterakis gallinarum. Mixed helminthic infection was confirmed and documented in backyard native chicken in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu. These worms are responsible for severe morbidity and indirect economical losses to the farmers. Periodical deworming will be useful to control the worm load in native desi chickens.

A case of dystocia due to Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster in a Jersey crossbred cow and its per vaginal delivery through fetotomy is reported in this communication. A five years old, full term pregnant Jersey crossbred cow in her third parity was presented with the history of straining and difficulty in parturition for the past eight hours. Per vaginal examination revealed fully dilated cervix and the fetus with exposed visceral organs and ankylosed limbs. Based on the obstetrical examination, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to fetal monster. By performing fetotomy, a Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster was successfully delivered per vaginum.

By-products of fruits possess antioxidant polyphenols, anti-mutagenic, cardio preventive and antiviral activities. The consumers are aware of the health benefits of nutraceutical foods and the demand for such foods is increasing in recent years. Orange peels are rich in flavanones, powerful antioxidants that help to reduce oxidative damage and fight free radicals. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a value added ice cream with orange peel. Orange peel powder was incorporated in ice cream at varying levels viz. 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 per cent. Based on texture, sensory attributes and physio-chemical properties, sensory evaluation of the product revealed that incorporation of orange peel powder at 2.5% level found to be acceptable.

The challenges faced by India in achieving the food and nutritional security to the fast growing population need a concerted approach for growth of livestock sector. Various forecasting models like combinations of ARIMA models and Exponential Smoothing models like Simple, Holt, Brown and Damped trend were used to identify the growth patterns and to predict the future trends in livestock and poultry production in India. Time series data on milk production from 1950-51 to 2017-18 were used to forecast the milk production in India up to 2050-51. Brown Exponential Smoothing was the best fit model for forecasting of milk production in India. The forecast obtained showed that milk production would increase to 207.57, 311.86, 416.16 and 520.45 MT respectively during 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51 from 121.80 MT during the year 2010-11. ARIMA (0,1,1) was the best fit model for forecasting meat and wool production, the forecasted values of meat production showed that meat production would increase from 1.08 MT in 2000-01 to 5.18, 7.63, 10.07 and 12.52 MT, respectively during 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51. Wool production would increase appreciably over years with a production of 46.26, 52.06, 58.59 and 65.17 million kg, respectively during the years 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51 from 43.00 million kg in 2010-11. The Brown Exponential Smoothing model was the best fit model for forecasting egg production in India. The forecasted values obtained from the best fitted Brown ES was 103341.99, 144374.02, 185406.04 and 222334.86 million numbers during the years 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51, respectively.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome consists of 10 segmented double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA). Of these, genome segment 2 (Seg-2), which encodes outer capsid protein VP2 is the primary determinant of virus serotype. In the present study, partial VP2 gene of KRL2/2017 (BTV-16) isolate collected from Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh was amplified to know the evolutionary relationship of this isolate with previously reported Indian and global BTV-16 isolates. Seg-2 sequence data of KRL2/2017, showed >98% nucleotide identity with other Indian isolates. Comparison of this isolate with BTV-16 isolates across the world, showed higher sequence homology to isolates of Japan followed by Greece and China than to those of isolates from South Africa, Italy, UK, Australia and Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that the isolate of the current study belong to eastern topotype similar to the viruses recovered from Japan, Greece and China reflecting their common eastern origin.