Refine search
Results 421-430 of 525
Live body weight estimation using cannon bone length and other body linear measurements in Nigerian breeds of sheep Full text
2014
Muhammad Abdullahi Mahmud | Peter Shaba | Wosilat Abdulsalam | Helen Yarubi Yisa | James Gana | Silas Ndagi | Ruth Ndagimba
The study was conducted in Mokwa, Nigeria, to estimate the live body weight (LBW) of Nigerian breeds of sheep using cannon bone length (CBL), and other linear body measurements (LBM). A total of 116 sheep were measured for LBW and LBM. The animals were categorized into two sex groups as male and female, and four age groups as <12 months, 13-24 months, 25-36 months and ≥37 months. The current findings showed that in almost all the age groups, the chest depth and heart girth alone or in combination gave the best fitted prediction equation(s). However, the CBL negatively correlated with LBW in the male and female (combined) of <12 months age group, and positively correlated with LBW in the age groups of 25-36 and ≥37 months.
Show more [+] Less [-]Use of essential oils in poultry nutrition: A new approach Full text
2014
Gopal Krishan | Asmita Narang
Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has created the necessity of replacement of antibiotic with other products like prebiotics, probiotics, organic acid botanicals, and herbal essential oils. Essential oils (EOs) are important aromatic components of herbs and spices, and are used as natural alternatives for replacing antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry feed as these have antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. Beside, other beneficial effects of EOs include appetite stimulation, improvement of enzyme secretion related to food digestion, and immune response activation. Recently, use of EOs in broiler chickens has drawn attentions. EOs are generally used as blend with a carrier oil or combination with other plant oils in the feed to enhance the productive performance of birds. Conclusively, EOs can be used in poultry feed, but there are still questions concerning their action, metabolic pathway and optimal dosage in poultry, which are to be explored in detail. This mini-review describes the expanding horizons in the research on EOs in poultry nutrition.
Show more [+] Less [-]Goat milk as a non-invasive sample for confirmation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by IS900 PCR Full text
2014
Bharathy Sukumar | Lakshmanasami Gunaseelan | Kannan Porteen | Karuppanasamy Prabu
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease (JD) in cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants, and Crohn’s disease in humans. MAPs are shed to external environment through feces and milk. The present study was aimed to evaluate the utility of milk as a non-invasive sample in stage II MAP infections in goats using IS900 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis. A total of 32 milk samples from lactating does were collected. Within these 32 milk samples, 15 were collected from pre-confirmed JD positive goats. By IS900 PCR, all the 15 (100%) known JD positive goat milk samples revealed the presence of MAP. However, no unknown goat was identified as MAP positive. The results of this study established the usefulness of milk as a non-invasive sample in screening and confirmation of stage II MAP infection in goats.
Show more [+] Less [-]Determination of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin in poultry feed ingredients and finished feed in humid semi-tropical environment Full text
2014
Ghulam Fareed | Sohail Hassan Khan | Muhammad Ashraf Anjum | Naveed Ahmed
A total of 186 samples comprising of poultry feed ingredients (n=114) and finished poultry feeds (n=72) were analyzed for the detection of total aflatoxin (TA) and ochratoxin A (OTA). The concentrations of TA and OTA in the samples were determined using direct competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Overall incidence of TA was recorded as 80.64% (n=150/186); whereas, in the feed ingredients, it was 86.84% (n=99/114), and in the finished feeds, the incidence of TA was 70.83% (n=51/72). Corn, cotton seed meal, sunflower meal, and cotton gluten meal were found to be highly (100%) contaminated with TA. The OTA was determined in 63.15% (n=72/114) and 29.17% (n=21/72) feed ingredients, and finished feed samples, respectively, with an overall incidence of 50% (n=93/186). Maximum level of OTA contamination (100%) was recorded in corn gluten meal. However, no feed contained OTA above the acceptable level as set by the European Union on OTA contamination in poultry finished feed. On the other hand, a number of samples contained TA above the acceptable limit. Thus, immediate control measures should be taken to ensure safe poultry for human consumption.
Show more [+] Less [-]Editorial Full text
2014
Silvio Arruda Vasconcellos | Solange Maria Gennari
Influência de diferentes dietas com alto teor de concentrados sobre parâmetros ruminais, bioquímicos e urinários de ovinos Full text
2014
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino | Carolina Akiko Sato Cabral Araujo | Cintia Morita Kaminishikawahara | Felipe Borges Soares | Frederico Augusto Mazzocca Lopes Rodrigues | Leonardo Frasson dos Reis | Francisco Leonardo Costa Oliveira | Raimundo Alves Barreto Junior | Clara Satsuki Mori | Enrico Lippi Ortolani
Influência de diferentes dietas com alto teor de concentrados sobre parâmetros ruminais, bioquímicos e urinários de ovinos Full text
2014
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino | Carolina Akiko Sato Cabral Araujo | Cintia Morita Kaminishikawahara | Felipe Borges Soares | Frederico Augusto Mazzocca Lopes Rodrigues | Leonardo Frasson dos Reis | Francisco Leonardo Costa Oliveira | Raimundo Alves Barreto Junior | Clara Satsuki Mori | Enrico Lippi Ortolani
Oito ovinos adultos da raça Santa Inês receberam dieta controle (C) (80 % de feno de coast-cross e 20 % de ração comercial) e em seguida foram submetidos a quadrado latino com dietas contendo 30% desse feno e 70% dos concentrados: polpa cítrica peletizada (PCP); polpa cítrica farelada (PCF); fubá de milho (FM) e farelo de trigo (FT). Após 21 d de adaptação às dietas foi realizada monitoração visual por 24 h. No dia subseqüente à observação, na 3ª hora após a alimentação foram coletadas amostras de conteúdo ruminal, urina e sangue. No conteúdo ruminal foram determinados o pH, nas amostras de urina foram feitas análises de pH, uréia, fósforo, creatinina e exame de sedimento, enquanto que no sangue foram feitas análises hemogasométricas, e determinações séricas de uréia, fósforo e creatinina e calculado o índice de excreção urinária [IEUP] e a taxa de excreção fracional [TEFP] do fósforo. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância e Teste Tukey ou Mann-Whitney. Tanto a PCP como a PCF estimularam significativamente a ruminação, semelhante ao grupo controle, e com maior tempo que o FM. Maiores concentrações de P sérico, IEUP e TEFP foram encontrados na dieta FT. Quanto maiores os teores de P sérico maior a excreção de P na urina (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,61). Quanto maior o tempo devotado à ruminação menor foi o fósforo sanguíneo (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,39; P < 0,001). A maior ruminação diminuiu os teores de P sérico e sua excreção urinária, diminuindo a predisposição à urolitíase em ovinos.
Show more [+] Less [-]Influência de diferentes dietas com alto teor de concentrados sobre parâmetros ruminais, bioquímicos e urinários de ovinos Full text
2014
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino | Carolina Akiko Sato Cabral Araujo | Cintia Morita Kaminishikawahara | Felipe Borges Soares | Frederico Augusto Mazzocca Lopes Rodrigues | Leonardo Frasson dos Reis | Francisco Leonardo Costa Oliveira | Raimundo Alves Barreto Junior | Clara Satsuki Mori | Enrico Lippi Ortolani
Oito ovinos adultos da raça Santa Inês receberam dieta controle (C) (80 % de feno de coast-cross e 20 % de ração comercial) e em seguida foram submetidos a quadrado latino com dietas contendo 30% desse feno e 70% dos concentrados: polpa cítrica peletizada (PCP); polpa cítrica farelada (PCF); fubá de milho (FM) e farelo de trigo (FT). Após 21 d de adaptação às dietas foi realizada monitoração visual por 24 h. No dia subseqüente à observação, na 3ª hora após a alimentação foram coletadas amostras de conteúdo ruminal, urina e sangue. No conteúdo ruminal foram determinados o pH, nas amostras de urina foram feitas análises de pH, uréia, fósforo, creatinina e exame de sedimento, enquanto que no sangue foram feitas análises hemogasométricas, e determinações séricas de uréia, fósforo e creatinina e calculado o índice de excreção urinária [IEUP] e a taxa de excreção fracional [TEFP] do fósforo. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância e Teste Tukey ou Mann-Whitney. Tanto a PCP como a PCF estimularam significativamente a ruminação, semelhante ao grupo controle, e com maior tempo que o FM. Maiores concentrações de P sérico, IEUP e TEFP foram encontrados na dieta FT. Quanto maiores os teores de P sérico maior a excreção de P na urina (R2 = 0,61). Quanto maior o tempo devotado à ruminação menor foi o fósforo sanguíneo (R2 = 0,39; P < 0,001). A maior ruminação diminuiu os teores de P sérico e sua excreção urinária, diminuindo a predisposição à urolitíase em ovinos.
Show more [+] Less [-]Contaminação de solo por ovos de Toxocara spp. e outros geohelmintos em comunidade rural do Pantanal Matogrossense, Brasil | Soil contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs and others geohelminths in a rural community from the Pantanal matogrossense area, Brazil Full text
2014
Selma Samiko Onuma | Andréia Lima Tomé Melo | Mathias Bassinello Stocco | Vamilton Alvares Santarém | Daniel Moura Aguiar
Contaminação de solo por ovos de Toxocara spp. e outros geohelmintos em comunidade rural do Pantanal Matogrossense, Brasil | Soil contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs and others geohelminths in a rural community from the Pantanal matogrossense area, Brazil Full text
2014
Selma Samiko Onuma | Andréia Lima Tomé Melo | Mathias Bassinello Stocco | Vamilton Alvares Santarém | Daniel Moura Aguiar
Studies concerning soil contamination by enteroparasites have been carried out in diverse regions of Brazil, particularly in areas that may represent risks to human health, such as daycare playgrounds and public parks. In this study, contamination of soil by eggs of <em>Toxocara</em>spp., <em>Ascaris</em> spp., trichostrongylids as well as by oocysts of protozoa is reported in a rural community located close to the Pantanal Matogrossense, Brazil. The results highlight the risk of people living in communities with precarious sanitary conditions in relation to parasitic infection. | A investigação da contaminação do solo por enteroparasitos já foi efetuada em várias regiões do Brasil, principalmente em locais que podem apresentar riscos à saúde humana, como creches e praças públicas. No presente trabalho é relatada, a contaminação do solo por ovos de <em>Toxocara</em>spp., <em>Ascaris </em>spp<em>, </em>tricostrongilídeos e oocistos de protozoários em uma comunidade rural localizada no Pantanal Matogrossense. Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam o risco a que podem estar expostos os moradores de comunidades com condições precárias de habitação e saneamento com relação à infecção por parasitas.
Show more [+] Less [-]Contaminação de solo por ovos de Toxocara spp. e outros geohelmintos em comunidade rural do Pantanal Matogrossense, Brasil Full text
2014
Selma Samiko Onuma | Andréia Lima Tomé Melo | Mathias Bassinello Stocco | Vamilton Alvares Santarém | Daniel Moura Aguiar
A investigação da contaminação do solo por enteroparasitos já foi efetuada em várias regiões do Brasil, principalmente em locais que podem apresentar riscos à saúde humana, como creches e praças públicas. No presente trabalho é relatada, a contaminação do solo por ovos de Toxocaraspp., Ascaris spp, tricostrongilídeos e oocistos de protozoários em uma comunidade rural localizada no Pantanal Matogrossense. Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam o risco a que podem estar expostos os moradores de comunidades com condições precárias de habitação e saneamento com relação à infecção por parasitas.
Show more [+] Less [-]Efeito da somatotrofina suína sobre o metabolismo e características testiculares de suínos pré-púberes | Effect of porcine somatotropin on metabolism and testicular characteristics of prepubertal pigs Full text
2014
Viviane Rohrig Rabassa | Elizabeth Schwegler | Eduardo Schmitt | Augusto Schneider | Camila Pizoni | Cláudia Demarco | Vinícius Farias Campos | Tiago Collares | Carmen Lucia Garcez Ribeiro | Ana Lucia Pereira Schild | Francisco Augusto Burkert Del Pino | Ivan Bianchi | Marcio Nunes Corrêa
Efeito da somatotrofina suína sobre o metabolismo e características testiculares de suínos pré-púberes | Effect of porcine somatotropin on metabolism and testicular characteristics of prepubertal pigs Full text
2014
Viviane Rohrig Rabassa | Elizabeth Schwegler | Eduardo Schmitt | Augusto Schneider | Camila Pizoni | Cláudia Demarco | Vinícius Farias Campos | Tiago Collares | Carmen Lucia Garcez Ribeiro | Ana Lucia Pereira Schild | Francisco Augusto Burkert Del Pino | Ivan Bianchi | Marcio Nunes Corrêa
Foi investigado o efeito da pST sobre características testiculares e metabolismo de suínos pré-púberes. O Experimento 1 determinou o intervalo entre aplicações de pST, baseado nas concentrações de IGF-I. O Experimento 2 avaliou o efeito da pST sobre o metabolismo, características testiculares e expressão gênica de GHR, IGF-I e PCNA. No Experimento 1 foram usados 12 leitões com 30 dias de idade. O grupo pST (n=6) foi submetido a uma injeção IM de pST e o grupo Controle (n=6) a uma injeção de placebo. Coletas de sangue foram realizadas até o dia sete após aplicação de pST para determinação dos níveis de IGF-I e parâmetros metabólicos. No Experimento 2 foram usados 12 leitões com 22 dias de idade. O grupo pST foi submetido à aplicações de pST a cada 3 dias, e o grupo Controle à doses de placebo, durante 30 dias. Coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três dias. Amostras de fígado e testículo foram coletadas para determinar a expressão gênica e características testiculares. No Experimento 1 a concentração de IGF-I foi maior no grupo pST (P=0,02). No Experimento 2 o grupo pST teve maior peso corporal e testicular (P=0,06) e aumento na expressão de PCNA no testículo (P<0,05). Contudo, foi observada uma redução no número de túbulos seminíferos, células de Sertoli e GHR (P<0,05). Assim, a administração de pST aumentou o desenvolvimento testicular e corporal de suínos pré-púberes, porém reduziu a densidade de túbulos seminíferos e células de Sertoli. | The effect of pST on the testicular characteristics and metabolic parameters of prepubertal pigs was evaluated. Experiment 1 aimed to determine the interval between applications of pST based on the concentrations of circulating IGF-I. Experiment 2 aimed to evaluate the effect of pST on metabolic parameters, testicular characteristics, and expression of GHR, IGF-I and PCNA. In Experiment 1 twelve piglets with 30 days of age were used. The pST Group (n=6) was submitted to one i.m. injection of pST and the Control Group (n=6) to one placebo injection. Blood collections were performed until d 7 post pST application to determine IGF-I concentration and metabolic profile. In Experiment 2 twelve piglets with 22 days of age were used. The pST Group was submitted to pST injections every three days, and the Control Group received placebo doses during 30 days. Blood collections were performed every 3 days. Samples of liver and testicular tissue were collected to determine gene expression and testicular characteristics. In Experiment 1 IGF-I concentration was higher for the pST Group (P=0.02). In Experiment 2 the pST Group had higher body and testicular weight (P=0.06) and increased gene expression of PCNA in testes (P<0.05). However, a reduction in the number of seminiferous tubules, and Sertoli cells, and in GHR expression (P<0.05) was observed. Thus, pST administration increased body and testis development in prepubertal pigs, however it reduced the density of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of porcine somatotropin on metabolism and testicular characteristics of prepubertal pigs Full text
2014
Viviane Rohrig Rabassa | Elizabeth Schwegler | Eduardo Schmitt | Augusto Schneider | Camila Pizoni | Cláudia Demarco | Vinícius Farias Campos | Tiago Collares | Carmen Lucia Garcez Ribeiro | Ana Lucia Pereira Schild | Francisco Augusto Burkert Del Pino | Ivan Bianchi | Marcio Nunes Corrêa
The effect of pST on the testicular characteristics and metabolic parameters of prepubertal pigs was evaluated. Experiment 1 aimed to determine the interval between applications of pST based on the concentrations of circulating IGF-I. Experiment 2 aimed to evaluate the effect of pST on metabolic parameters, testicular characteristics, and expression of GHR, IGF-I and PCNA. In Experiment 1 twelve piglets with 30 days of age were used. The pST Group (n=6) was submitted to one i.m. injection of pST and the Control Group (n=6) to one placebo injection. Blood collections were performed until d 7 post pST application to determine IGF-I concentration and metabolic profile. In Experiment 2 twelve piglets with 22 days of age were used. The pST Group was submitted to pST injections every three days, and the Control Group received placebo doses during 30 days. Blood collections were performed every 3 days. Samples of liver and testicular tissue were collected to determine gene expression and testicular characteristics. In Experiment 1 IGF-I concentration was higher for the pST Group (P=0.02). In Experiment 2 the pST Group had higher body and testicular weight (P=0.06) and increased gene expression of PCNA in testes (P<0.05). However, a reduction in the number of seminiferous tubules, and Sertoli cells, and in GHR expression (P<0.05) was observed. Thus, pST administration increased body and testis development in prepubertal pigs, however it reduced the density of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells.
Show more [+] Less [-]Perfil de ocitocinea central e periférica em ovelhas lactantes | Central and peripheral oxytocin profiles during milking in ewes Full text
2014
João Carlos Bochini | Renato Duarte Alvisi | João Alberto Negrão | Erica Engelberg Teixeira da Silva Hucke | Luciano Freitas Felicio
Perfil de ocitocinea central e periférica em ovelhas lactantes | Central and peripheral oxytocin profiles during milking in ewes Full text
2014
João Carlos Bochini | Renato Duarte Alvisi | João Alberto Negrão | Erica Engelberg Teixeira da Silva Hucke | Luciano Freitas Felicio
The present work investigated the possible relationship between central and peripheral oxytocin (OT) release during milking in experimental ewes. Ten multiparous ewes were divided into four groups according to milk ejection stimuli: exclusive machine milking (EM), mixed-management milking and suckling, lambs separated during the night and reunited with their mother after morning milking (MMS); mixed-management with manual milking (MMM), and exclusive suckling (ES) lambs also separated during the night. Simultaneous sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood was performed during milking. The means, standard deviations, variation coefficients, and minimum and maximum CSF and plasma OT concentrations were the following, respectively: 257.88 ± 265.90 pg/ml, 103.11%, and 11.70 and 1000.00 pg/ml. No statistically significant correlations were found between OT concentrations in the CSF and plasma samples (EM: -0.26; ES: -0.19; MMM: 0.05; MMS: 0.04). The OT concentration in CSF was not influenced by milk ejection stimuli, although plasma OT was higher in the MMM (679.80 ± 25.63) and MMS (591.82 ± 30.56) groups compared with the EM and ES groups. Additionally, plasma OT concentrations were higher in the OME group (381.04 ± 22.09) compared with the AE group (218.82 ± 27.04). In conclusion, no positive correlations were found between central and peripheral OT concentrations during milking and suckling. Plasma OT concentrations differed as a function of milking management and had consequences for both milk ejection and production. Plasma but not CSF oxytocin concentrations were influenced by different milk ejection stimuli. | Foi investigada a possível relação entre as concentrações de ocitocina no líquido céfalo-raquidiano e no soro em diferentes formas de ordenha em ovinos. Foram utilizadas dez ovelhas multíparas divididas em quatro grupos de acordo com o estímulo para ejeção do leite: ordenha exclusivamente mecânica (EM), ordenha mista mecânica e mamada com os carneiros separados das mães durante a noite e reunidos a elas pela manhã para amamentação (MMS); ordenha mista com ordenha manual (MMS); apenas amamentação natural (ES). Foram coletadas amostras de fluido cerebroespinhal e de sangue simultaneamente durante as ordenhas. A média, coeficiente de variação e valores máximos e mínimos de ocitocina do plasma foram respectivamente 257,88 ± 265,90 pg/ml, 103,11%, e 11,70 e 1000,00 pg/ml. Não foram encontradas correlações entre as concentrações centrais e plasmáticas de ocitocina (EM: -0,26; ES: -0,19; MMM: 0,05; MMS: 0,04). Não foi evidenciada influência do tipo de estímulo para ejeção do leite nas concentrações centrais de ocitocina. Entretanto, as concentrações plasmáticas de ocitocina foram maiores nos grupos MMM (679,80 ± 25,63) e MMS (591,82 ± 30,56) quando comparadas as dos grupos EM e ES. Alem disso, as concentrações plasmáticas de ocitocina foram maiores no grupo de OME (381,04 ± 22,09) em relação ao grupo AE (218,82 ± 27,04). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as concentrações plasmáticas de ocitocina são mais sensíveis ao tipo de ordenha que as concentrações centrais desse hormônio.
Show more [+] Less [-]Central and peripheral oxytocin profiles during milking in ewes Full text
2014
João Carlos Bochini | Renato Duarte Alvisi | João Alberto Negrão | Erica Engelberg Teixeira da Silva Hucke | Luciano Freitas Felicio
The present work investigated the possible relationship between central and peripheral oxytocin (OT) release during milking in experimental ewes. Ten multiparous ewes were divided into four groups according to milk ejection stimuli: exclusive machine milking (EM), mixed-management milking and suckling, lambs separated during the night and reunited with their mother after morning milking (MMS); mixed-management with manual milking (MMM), and exclusive suckling (ES) lambs also separated during the night. Simultaneous sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood was performed during milking. The means, standard deviations, variation coefficients, and minimum and maximum CSF and plasma OT concentrations were the following, respectively: 257.88 ± 265.90 pg/ml, 103.11%, and 11.70 and 1000.00 pg/ml. No statistically significant correlations were found between OT concentrations in the CSF and plasma samples (EM: -0.26; ES: -0.19; MMM: 0.05; MMS: 0.04). The OT concentration in CSF was not influenced by milk ejection stimuli, although plasma OT was higher in the MMM (679.80 ± 25.63) and MMS (591.82 ± 30.56) groups compared with the EM and ES groups. Additionally, plasma OT concentrations were higher in the OME group (381.04 ± 22.09) compared with the AE group (218.82 ± 27.04). In conclusion, no positive correlations were found between central and peripheral OT concentrations during milking and suckling. Plasma OT concentrations differed as a function of milking management and had consequences for both milk ejection and production. Plasma but not CSF oxytocin concentrations were influenced by different milk ejection stimuli.
Show more [+] Less [-]Sinais dermatológicos clássicos na medicina veterinária Full text
2014
Carlos Eduardo Larsson
Sinais dermatológicos clássicos na medicina veterinária Full text
2014
Carlos Eduardo Larsson
Arrolam-se os sinais dermatológicos evidenciados na rotina da clínica dermatológica, que permitem aventar um diagnóstico presuntivo ou até estabelecê-lo cabalmente. Os dezesseis sinais reunidos envolvem quadros dermatopáticos etiologicamente relacionados às enfermidades autoimunes, infecciosas, parasitárias, alérgicas, endócrinas, psicopáticas, disqueratinizantes, neoplásicas e genodermatósicas.
Show more [+] Less [-]Sinais dermatológicos clássicos na medicina veterinária Full text
2014
Carlos Eduardo Larsson
Arrolam-se os sinais dermatológicos evidenciados na rotina da clínica dermatológica, que permitem aventar um diagnóstico presuntivo ou até estabelecê-lo cabalmente. Os dezesseis sinais reunidos envolvem quadros dermatopáticos etiologicamente relacionados às enfermidades autoimunes, infecciosas, parasitárias, alérgicas, endócrinas, psicopáticas, disqueratinizantes, neoplásicas e genodermatósicas.
Show more [+] Less [-]