Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily members are closely associated with tissue remodelling events and reproductive processes. The present study aimed to determine the role of immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin-α, βA, and βB subunits on serum growth growth and differentiation hormones profile during pregnancy, delivery, and lactation periods in primiparous female Wister rats.Eighty four pregnant primiparous female rats were assigned to 4 groups (21 per each). On 5 th and 10 th day of gestation, control was injected with saline (100μl, i.p.), Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups were injected with inhibin-α, βA, and βBantiserum (1µg in 100μl of saline, i.p.), respectively. Each group was allocated to 3 equal subgroups: pregnancy, delivery, and lactation subgroups were sacrificed on day 16 of gestation, 1st day after parturition, and 11 th day of lactation, respectively. At the end of each subgroups period, females were anesthetized, dissected and blood samples were obtained for assessment of inhibin-A, -B, activin-A , -B, -AB, GH, and prolactin levels. Serum inhibin-A concentration in Tbb group increased during pregnancy and delivery among experimental groups. In comparison between periods, Tbb group showed significantly higher level during pregnancy and decreased during delivery and lactation, whereas Ta and Tba groups recorded no difference between periods. Inhibin-B increased in control and Tba groups during pregnancy, whereas lactation period showed higher levels in Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups compared with control. Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups recorded no siginificant differences between pregnancy and delivery periods but they were significantly higher in lactation period.During pregnancy and delivery, Tbb group revealed higher levels of activin-A and lowest level of activin-B concentrations among groups, whereas activin-AB concentration increased in control and Ta groups. In comparison between periods, activin-A concentration was higher at delivery, whereas activin-B and –AB concentrations were higher at lactation. Serum GH, in Ta group, recorded higher level during the three periods among groups. In comparison between periods, the levels of GH and PRL in all groups showed higher levels at delivery followed by lactation and pregnancy.In conclusion, passive im munization against inhibin-α, βA, but not βB subunit, at 5th and 10th day of pregnancy, have ameliorating role on serum growth and differentiation hoemones profile

This study aimed to investigate the Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extracted of silymarin from Silybum marianum seeds and to compare it’s with the commercial silymarin extract(legalon) against oral dosing of Nickel chloride effects on sperms concentration, motility ,viability, sperm abnormality and male fertility and gonadal hormones .Twenty adult male rabbits aged 5 to 6 month and weighted 1.250-1.500 kg divided into four equal groups,1 st group served as control group received 1 ml of normal saline (NaCl 0.9%),2 nd group received (1mg/100g B.W )NiCl2 orally, 3 rd group received same dose of NiCl2 plus (0.1mg/100g B.W) silymarin extract, the fourth group received same dose of NiCl2 plus (0.1mg/100g B.W) legalon for 35 days, Results showed negative effects of NiCl2 which caused significant(p≤0.05) decrease in sperm concentration ,viability, motility and fertility while sperm abnormality was significantly increase, also NiCl2 caused significant (p≤0.05) decrease in serum progesterone, estradiol and testosterone. while silymarin extract and legalon adverse the negative effects of NiCl2 and causing ameliorative effects on all the studied parameters .

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seeds on blood glucose, total serum cholesterol and total serum protein in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. Twenty-four mature male rabbits (local breed) were randomly divided into four groups of equal number: (Control negative group (normal rabbits received 2 ml normal saline). Normal animals group treated orally with (200 mg /kg b.w.) alcoholic extract of fenugreek daily. Diabetic positive control group (induced diabetic rabbits received 2 ml normal saline). Diabetic group treated orally with (200 mg /kg b.w.) alcoholic extract of fenugreek daily. All group were deranched for six weeks. Diabetes was induced experimentally by single intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/ kg b.w.).Estimation of blood glucose, total cholesterol and total protein was carried out weekly for all groups of the experiment. The results showed that alcoholic extract of T. foenum-graecum L. caused Significant decrease (P

The study were conducted on 31 local female buffaloes breeds ,In basrah –Iraq ,during the period from 2010 – 2013 , 6 – 15 years old, among these 21 local femalebuffaloes breeds show signs of recurrent tympany one to two months after parturition,and 10 clinically healthy local female buffaloes breeds were served as controls ,moreover living status and kind of forage was archived before and after parturition ,nevertheless almost cases were not respond to the classical treatment when it given by theowners. Results of ruminal histopathological examination after rumenatomy indicatedrumenitis , ruminal adhesions and keratosis of rumeinal wall . It have been concluded thatchanging to holly concentrated food in late stage of the pregnancy might considered asthe important cause of frothy tympany.