The frequency of appearance of HI antibody against Japanese encephalitis virus was investigated over the three-year period 1982 through 1984. The sample population consisted of 1306 cattle in Saitama prefecture (located in central Japan), and 536 cattle in Kagoshima prefecture (located in southern Japan). During the study period, there was no significant difference in the average antibody-positive rate between cattle in Kagoshima (68.8 %) and those in Saitama (65.5 %). Variations in the monthly antibody-positive rate and mean monthly antibody titer in the Saitama cattle followed a mountain-like pattern with the peak observed during summer. In the Kagoshima cattle, both parameters also increased in summer and these increases persisted even in winter. The distribution of antibody-positive rate as a function of age ranged from 64.0 % to 82.8 % in Saitama, though no correlation was observed between these two factors. In the Kagoshima cattle, however, the antibody-positive rate increased with age as follows; the values averaged 29.4 % in the one-year-old cattle group, 50.0 % in the two-year-old group, 47.4 % in the three-year-old group and 74.5 % in the four-year-old group. There was no significant correlation between the mean antibody titer and age in either Saitama cattle (15.3-22.5) or Kagoshima cattle (20.0-32.3)

The etiologic agents of mucormycosis are several nonpathogenic fungi of the order Mucorales and are ubiquitous. A total of 82 chickens were infected with the disease and developed anorexia, diarrhea, malnutrition, dyspnea, and paralysis in a chicken farm, Sokcho, Kwangwon. At necropsy there were multiple nodular lesions and hemorrhages in livers, spleens, kidneys, gastro intestinal track, and respiratory system. On histopathological examination it was found that the nodular lesions were consisted of granulomatous inflammation accompanying characteristic hyphae (4-24 micro wide) of the fungi

The effects of the serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels of the colostrum-conferred Korean native calves at 2 days of age on the disease incidence during the suckling period were studied. Serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM levels of 6 Korean native calves died from septicemia were lower than those of calves survived (p0.05). Korean native calves having low serum total protein and immunoglobulins were affected with diarrhea earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (P0.05). Korea native calves having low serum total protein were affected with bronchopneumonia earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (P0.05). Korean native calves having low serum neutralizing antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus had high incidence rate of BVD, when compared with calves having having high serum neutralizing antibody titers (P0.05)

In order to enumerate the T-lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by E rosette assay, KGRBC were treated with various concentrations of 2aminoethyl-isothiouronium bromide (AET) and dextran (Dex), singly or in combination. To further standardize the assay, optimum concentration of AET-and/or Dex-treatment and incubation time for rosette forming cell (RFC) counts were determined. The levels of B-lymphocytes in the PBL were evaluated by erythrocyte-antibody (EAfc)- and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC)- rosetting techniques. The PBL from 20 clinically normal Korean cattle were formed as low percentage of spontaneous E-rosette (6.7 +- 2.4 %) in control group, whereas in KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 minutes and 8 % Dex were formed as 37.3 +- 2.7 % and 45.1 +- 2.1 %, respectively. And the synergistic effects were noted no less than 66.5 +- 5.6 % when the KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET and 8 % Dex subsequently and rate of RFR did not change significantly between 3-24 hours incubation time at 4deg C, EA-and EAC-RFR were 23.3 +- 9.1 % and 23.1 +- 7.9 %, respectively. These results suggest that the KGRBC would be a useful agent for the enumeration of T-lymphocytes by E rosette assay and B-lymphocytes by EA-or EAC-rosette assay in cattle-PBL

A survey on the prevalence of internal parasites in the laboratory rats in the Chonnam and Kyonggi areas was carried out. A total of 208 rats was selected for necropsy and the parasites were collected from the organs and the fecal samples. The infection rate of the internal parasites was high as 63.9 % and eight species of parasites were identified. Among the species identified A tetraptera (21.6 %) and H diminuta (20.7 %) appeared with relatively higher infection rates than any other species identified. A significant difference in numbers of parasites was recognized between the regions as 8 species in Chonnam and 4 species in Kyonggi. The laboratory rats reared in stainless steel cage showed the higher infection rate than those in polycarbonate cage, with some exception in H spumosa and H nana. In this survey T crassicauda was firstly in the laboratory rats in Korea

The effects of red ginseng and raw ginseng were examined in vivo mid-term test for hepatocarcinogens in rats. The number of placental type of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive foci of the liver was significantly reduced in rats given diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by raw ginseng (4.77 +- 3.23, p0.05) as compared to the controls given carcinogen alone (9.07 +- 5.69). The area of GST-P positive foci was also significantly reduced in rats given DEN followed by red ginseng (0.5 +- 0.31, p0.05) as compared to the control (0.93 +- 0.65). These result suggest that red or raw ginseng are not hepatocarcinogens and rather may possess inhibitory potential for liver carcinogenesis

The proteins of the bovine erythrocyte membrane were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and their relations to the slow sedimentation rate of bovine erythrocytes were investigated by treating the erythrocytes with trypsin. The erythrocyte sedimentation rates of bovine erythrocytes from Holstein and Korean native cattle were very slow compared with the human one (1/7 as slow as the human one) as reported previously. However, when human and Holstein erythrocytes were treated with trypsin (0.2 and 0.5 mg/ml) for 1 hour at 37deg C, their sedimentation rates were markedly accelerated while the sedimentation rate of Korean native cattle's erythrocytes were not affected. Although the general protein profiles of the bovine erythrocyte membranes were almost similar to that of human, bovine erythrocyte membranes showed one additional protein band called band Q in this study, which migrated electrophoretically to the mid-position between band 2 and band 3 in human erythrocyte membranes. Treatment of Holstein and human erythrocytes with trypsin caused a decrease or disappearance of the band Q from the erythrocyte membrane. Although the band Q in Korean native cattle's erythrocyte membrane was decreased by trypsin treatment of the erythrocytes, the magnitude of the decrement was not so pronounced as in the case of human and Holstein erythrocytes. The glycoprotein profiles of the bovine erythrocyte membranes revealed by periodic acid-Schiff stain showed a marked difference from that of human. The PAS-1 (glycophorin) and PAS-2 (sialoglycoprotein) present in human erythrocyte membrane were almost absent from the bovine erythrocyte membranes. Instead, the bovine erythrocyte membranes showed a strong PAS-positive band near the origin of the electrophorograms, which is named as PAS-B in this study

Pure separation of various leukocytes is required for the assessment of their roles in immunological and physiological function. In this study, pure separation of monocytes from canine peripheral blood was attempted. At first, mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated by ficoll-hypaque gradient method and then monocytes were recovered from PBMC suspensions in sucrose gradient Sol. (PBMC-Sucrose), autologous plasma (PBMC-Plasma) and autologous serum (PBMC-Serum) incubated at 37deg C for 2 hours. In the separation of PBMC by ficoll-hypaque gradient method in canine blood, higher relative centrifugal force (RCF) was required, as high as more than 1,300xg RCF for 40 minutes, for clear formation of PBMC layer than that in human blood as usually used 400xg RCF for 40 minutes. In monocytes-separation from three PBMC suspensions following PBMC separation, recovery-, purity- and viability- rate of monocytes showed better results in PBMC-Plasma and PBMC-Serum than in PBMC-Sucrose suspension, particularly showing better results from PBMC suspensions performed by centrifugation at 1,500xg RCF for 40 minutes

This study was carried out to determine suitable selection factors for recipients and embryos which could improve pregnancy rates following bovine embryo transfer. The experiment included 52 surgical transfers from February, 1985 through June, 1986 performed on Kyongbuk Breeding Center in southern Korea. The pregnancy rate was highest when recipients were in estrus within 6 hours before the donor to 12 hours after the donor (78.3 % versus 50 % for recipients in estrus earlier or later). Pregnancy rates were acceptable following culture under field conditions for up to 17 hours. More recipients over 15 months of age (76.1 %) remained pregnant than those under 15 months (66.7 %). Embryos transferred during the months from February to July resulted in higher pregnancy rates than those transferred during the remaining 6 months (77.3 % versus 57.1 %). Transferrable embryos were classified A (best) to C (worst); those graded A or B resulted in significantly higher pregnancy rates than those graded C (81.8 % and 73.3 % versus 25.0 %, p0.05). Pregnancy rates among recipients of the Korean native breed tended to be higher than among Holstein recipients (100 % versus 71.1 %). Similarly, when the embryo was transferred to the right uterine horn, pregnancy rates tended to be higher than when it was transferred to the left (81.3 % versus 65 %). Pregnancy rates did not differ according to the stage of development of the embryo; they were for morulae, tight morulae, blastocysts, and advanced blastocysts, respectively : 75.0 %, 66.7 %, 75.0 %, and 77.4 %

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of application of a micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of specific toxoplasma antibodies in swine sera and this test was performed as a microplate system by coating the polystyrene plates with toxoplasma soluble antigen, incubated serially diluted sera, then added horse radish peroxidase labelled goat anti-swine IgG(r) conjugate followed by o-phenylenediamine as substrate. The color development by enzyme-substrate reaction was determined by the photometric reading [ELISA reader at 490nm (OD)] and visual reading. The soluble antigen was prepared from the tachyzoites in mouse peritoneal cavity. A total of 1,200 swine sera from pig slaughter-house and a total of 116 swine sera from pig breeding station (S-C farm) were tested for the detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The optimal reactions of indirect ELISA for the test sera were determined by the dilution of antigen 1:256 and 1:3,200 of horse radish peroxidase conjugate [anti-swine IgG (r)]. The specific toxoplasma antibody (IgG) in pigs infected with Tp artifically were detected as the serum titers of 1:64 or 1:128 at one week postinfection. Of a total of 1,200 swine sera from pig slaughter-house 505 samples of sera were detected as positive (42.1 %) and of a total of 116 swine sera from S-C pig breeding station 68 samples of sera as positive (58.6 %). The specific antibody (IgG) detection rates against a total of 1,200 test sea from pig slaughter-house were not significant between male (43.1 %) and female (40.7 %). The indirect ELISA was proved to be a sensitive and specific procedure for the serodiagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis and also evaluated as an effective screening test for the large scale of test samples in laboratory