An in vitro study evaluated the anti-methanogenic potentiality of aqueous and alcoholic plant extract mixture of ajwainseed and soapnut berries under different roughage and concentrate ratio-based diets in a 3x3 factorial design. Dried and milled plant mixture was extracted (10 g/100 ml) in three solvents, viz, water (Control), ethanol (95 %), and methanol (98 %). Substrate (200 mg) prepared by mixing wheat straw and concentrate mixture at the ratio of 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 was taken in glass syringes (six per treatment) and incubation medium (30 ml) dispensed anaerobically. Aqueous, ethanol and methanol plant extract (0.5 ml) were taken in three dietary treatments of groups I, II, and III respectively. All the syringes were incubated at 39°C for a running duration of 24 hours and total gas production was calculated. Hundred ml of emitted gas was injected into gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector for methane estimation. In vitro true digestibility of diet and ammonia nitrogen content of fermented medium were determined. Experimental data generated were analysed by adopting factorial ANOVA procedures. Results revealed that ethanol plant extract mixture had significantly (P<0.01) reduced the in vitro total gas and methane production by suppressing the true dietary digestibility of high roughage to low concentrate (70:30) based diet.

An adult Nellore brown sheep was presented to Veterinary hospital with a history of swollen unilateral protrusion of left eyeball with congestion of conjunctival mucous membrane, exophthalmos condition since 5-6weeks. Clinical examination revealed blindness due to chronic keratitis and on palpation found a large fluid filled cyst in the left eye. With the surgical intervention the cyst was removed successfully along with its membrane from the retrobulbar region of the left eye and on parasitological examination it was diagnosed as Coenurus gaigeri cyst. Surgical intervention-involved treatment coupled with antibiotic therapy was proven to be an efficient way of managing retrobulbar coenurus cases.

A 6 year old female Afghan Hound dog was presented to the Small Animal Critical Care Unit, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai with a history of dyspnea, coughing, weight loss and anorexia for 5 days with abducted gait. On physical examination, thoracic auscultation revealed muffled heart sounds and lung sounds. Low amplitude QRS Complex was observed on electrocardiographic examination. Thoracic radiography revealed pleural effusion. An echoic fluid accumulation around the heart, floating lung lobe and fibrin string was observed during the ultrasonography examination. Heamatological and biochemical parameters were within the normal value. Thoracocentesis was performed and removed around 450ml of milky white fluid intermittently. Based on pleural fluid analysis the case was diagnosed as idiopathic chylothorax. The dog was treated with intravenous fluid, antibiotics, tablet rutin, diuretics and steroids. After 1 week of treatment animal recovered gradually.

The total meat production in India is 9.29 million out of which 4.78 million tonnes is from poultry and the growth of poultry meat sector has increased by 6.86 % over previous year. The growth rate of backyard poultry population from 2012 to 2019 (45.79 %) is ten times higher than when compared to commercial poultry (4.50 %) (BAHS, 2022). The native chickens are slowly growing in nature and are preferred for better flavor and for the belief that natural, less intensive management systems provide desi birds with higher welfare levels, resulting in much better product quality and great demand. The meat from native chicken is more delicious and provides nutritional security and economic support for the rural and most suited for backyard system of rearing. The aim is to study the carcass traits of available native chicken in India and compare it with native chicken at Hosur. The carcass characteristic of the native chicken variety at Hosur was evaluated by sacrificing 25 birds of each sex at 16 weeks of age. The observed results were compared with the performances of other varieties of native chicken in India with respect to the parameters like New York dressing yield, eviscerated yield, Ready to cook yield, cut-up parts yield, Meat bone ratio and Giblets yield at each sex of the bird at different age of slaughter especially at 16 weeks of age. It helps to identify the variety of native chicken which had good carcass traits and could be utilized for table delicacy.

The equine species, which includes donkeys, mules, horses, and ponies, have made major contributions to human civilizations all throughout the world. The Indian livestock sector, after an initial decline in period from 2007 - 2012, staged a remarkable comeback during the period from 2012-2019 with an impressive overall growth rate of 4.8%. However, the total population of horses, ponies, mules and donkeys in India is 0.55 million as per the latest livestock census, a decrease by 51.9% over the previous livestock census (2012). The ‘decreasing utility’ due to increasing vehicles and urbanization has been considered as factors for the drastic dip in population. This paper, based on secondary data, aims to provide a concise summary of the current status, growth rate, distribution patterns, and factors leading to the decline in the population of working equines in India. Tabular presentations and graphical representations have been utilized for easy analysis and comparison of population trends across different years.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of luteal regression on the conception rates in postpartum anestrus graded Murrah buffaloes. Ovsynch protocols: G48 group (n=10) and G56 (n=10) graded Murrah buffaloes, both received a 20 µg dose of GnRH on day 0, followed by 500 µg of PGF2α on day 7. On day 9, a final dose of 20 µg of GnRH was administered 48 hours after PGF2α for G48 and 56 hours after for G56. Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was conducted at 16-21 hours after 2nd injection in both groups. The luteal regression rates in both the groups were evaluated by progesterone hormone (P4) assay at different days of treatment. The results showed that in both groups, the concentration of P4 differed significantly (P<0.05) between and within groups at different days of treatment. In conclusion, it was found that the G56 group (70.00 per cent) had a higher overall conception rate than the G48 group (50.00 per cent) due to better luteal regression.

The study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of digital planimetry apps for wound measurement in dogs. Twenty four clinical cases of dogs with the history of wound presented for wound management were randomly divided into four groups consisting of six animals each and wound measurements were taken on 0, 2, 4 and 7th day. The wound was measured with length, breadth, area and circumference using Imito Measure mobile application through smart phone camera. Based on reduction in wound size healing rate was assessed. Digital planimetry applications are accurate and precise in wound measurement compare to standard ruler method and tracing method.

A three-month-old female New Zealand White Rabbit, weighing about 1.4 kg was brought to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli with ahistory of intense pruritis and alopecia all over the body. Clinical observation revealed crusty lesions on the nose,ear margin and toes. Microscopic examination of the deep skin scraping revealed the presence of Psoroptes cuniculi mite. The rabbit was treated with an injection Ivermectin @ 0.4 mg/kg sub-cutaneous and an injection of Chlorpheniramine maleate @ 0.4 mg/kg intramuscular and further advised the owner to give HITEK® oral solution (Ivermectin) @ 0.4 mg/kg PO once a week and Benzyl benzoate I.P. solution topically daily for a continuous period of one month along with multivitamin supplementation (Multistar pet®) @ 2 ml PO BID. The rabbit recovered successfully without any drug side effects (Tandem usage of ivermectin and Benzyl Benzoate).

The present case report explains management of cervico-vaginal prolapse in a eight months pregnant Holstein Friesian crossbred cow. The proper therapeutic and management practices were applied for easy reposition and correction of cervico-vaginal prolapse. The results conclude that cervico-vaginal prolapse occurs due to one or more etiological factors including impaired endocrine function due to feeding with mustard fodder.

Rational drug design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on knowledge of the biological target. Drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bimolecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it. In the experiment based approach, drugs are discovered through trial and error. With high R&D cost and consumption, computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions and reduce time and cost. Scientists can predict whether the molecule will succeed or fail in the market. Currently, the process of drug designing increasingly relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. In computational drug discovery, different computational tools, methods, and software are used to simulate drug receptor interactions. Using computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions with less time and cost.