This experiment was carried out to determine the progesterone concentration of bovine plasma by liquid phase double antibody enzyme immunoassay. The optimum conditions of assay-system, enzyme conjugate and gelatin were investigated. The sensitivity, recovery rate and reproducibility by this assay were also analyzed. The suitable supplementation level of gelatin was 0.2 %. As the gelatin level increased to 1 %, coefficient variation of interassay was shown to be irregular. The optimum dilution rate of enzyme conjugate was 30 times. Enzyme activity was greatly fluctuated depending on the minor condition of enzyme conjugate technique. Therefore, it was considered to be checked when determined. The sensitivity of the assay was 12 pg/tube. Recovery rate was decreased when the amount of sample was too little or too much, but the recovery rate was high as 97.8 % when the amount of sample was between 50 and 200 micro l. Mean intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation was 4.5 % and 5.9 %, respectively. By using liquid phase double antibody enzyme immunoassay, progesterone in plasma can be detected, and also this assay system is applicable to study the physiological function of progesterone and diagnosis of reproductive disorders

The distribution of portal veins within the liver in 30 Korean native cattle were observed. Vinylite solution was injected into portal veins of eighteen specimens for cast preparation. The angiography was prepared in twelve specimens by injecting 30 % barium sulfate solution into portal veins, and then radiographed on an X-ray apparatus (Shimadzu 800 MA 120 Kvp). The Vena portae was divided immediately upon entering the liver into a very short Truncus dexter venae portae (14.75 +- 4.86 : 6.9-23.1mm) and a long Truncus sinister venae portae (94.16 +- 9.62 : 110-150 mm). The Truncus sinister venae portae runs of first in the long axis of the liver from the porta hepatis toward the left lobe. At the boundary between the quardate and left lobes it bends sharply 50 to 80 degrees toward the Incisura ligamentum teretis, and after a course of 36.5 to 54.3 mm between the quadrate and left lobes, ends abruptly. The Truncus sinister venae portae is divided for description into the Pars transversa, from the Porta hepatis to the flexure, and the Pars umbilicalis, from the flexure to the end. The branches of Venae portae were Ramus ventralis lobi sinistri, Ramus intermedius lobi sinistri, Ramus dorsalis lobi sinistri, Ramus lobi quadratti, Ramus ventralis lobi dextri, Ramus intermedius lobi dextri, Ramus dorsalis lobi dextri, Rami processus caudatorum and Rami processus papillarum. The Ramus intermedius lobi sinistri arose from the left surface of the Pars umbilicalis, and was origined on the common trunk with Ramus dorsalis lobi sinistric (3 cases, 10 %) or Ramus ventralis lobi sinistri (3 cases, 10 %). The Rami lobi quadratii consisted of the vein (15 cases, 50 %) or two veins (15 cases, 50%), and was observed on the arched-shaped at 2 cases (6.6 %) of the liver. The Rami processus caudatorum consisted of one vein (28 cases, 93.3 %) or two veins (2 cases, 6.6 %). The former were formed common trunk with R. dorsalis lobi dextri (7 cases, 23.3 %) or R. ventralis lobi dextri (2 cases, 6.6 %)

The levels of the serum and colostral total protein and immunoglobulins of the Korean native cows immediately after parturition and colostrum-conferred passive immune status of the Korean native calves were studied, and the results obtained were summarized as follows: The mean total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations in sera of 10 Korean native cows immediately after parturition were 6.8 +- 0.4g/dl, 24.39 +- 3.41mg/ml, 19.49 +- 2.70 mg/ml, 4.56 +- 1.14mg/ml, and 0.35 +-0.08 mg/ml respectively. And the mean total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations in colostrum were 15.0 +- 1.1 g/dl, 116.13 +- 23.07mg/ml, 101.51 +- 22.59mg/ml, 9.46 +- 1.99mg/ml, and 5.17 +- 1.59mg/ml respectively. The mean concentrations of total protein and immunoglobulins in colostrum were 2.1 times to 14.8 times higher than those in serum. The mean concentrations of total protein, total immunoglobulins in colostrum were 2.1 times to 14.8 times higher than those in serum. The mean concentrations of total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM and IgA in sera from 211 Korean native calves at 2 days old were 6.7 +- 0.9g/dl, 35.74 +- 9.56mg/ml, 29.06 +-8.07mg/ml, 4.91+-2.99mg/ml, and 1.9 +- 0.99mg.ml respectively. Although the calves had been suckled the dam's colostrum, each of calves was considerably various in levels of serum total protein and immunoglobulins and 16.1 percent of the calves were in a state of hypoglobulinemia

Hematologic values were determined in blood samples obtained from 203 normal, healthy Jindo dogs of both sexes that ranged in age from 3 months to 10 years. Age-related differences were detected for the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, PCV and the number of eosinophils. The persistent eosinophilia appears to be due to the dirofilariasis and flea-allergy dermatitis

The change of plasma prostaglandin E2 level, natural killer cell activity and tumor cell growth were assayed after transplantation of EL-4 leukemia cells in C57BL/6 mice. Plasma prostaglandin E2 level was increased in EL-4 bearing mice, but indomethacin treated mice group showed low level. The tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 inhibited the post-target binding cytolytic process of natural killer activity. Indomethacin inhibited the growth of prostaglandin secreting EL-4 solid tumor

In order to measure in vitro cell-mediated immunity in the guinea pigs sensitized with the killed bacilli of Mycobacterium bovis (AN5), M avium (serotype 2), M tuberculosis and M intracellulare (serotype 8), leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test was established using the antigens of purified protein derivatives (PPD) tuberculin. By using LAI test, specificity of cell-mediated immune responses of the guinea pigs inoculated with various Mycobacterium spp was investigated, and comparison between values of LAI and skin test was also made to evaluate the specificity of the newly designed test. The optimal concentration of PPD antigens for LAI test was 1 to 2mg per ml of medium. When the leukocytes of guinea pigs sensitized with both M bovis (AN5) and M avium (serotype 2) for 2 to 8 weeks were incubated with homologous or heterologous PPD antigens, mean values of LAI test were 61.2 +- 11.2 and 65.6 +- 5.1 % in homologous PPD antigens respectively, while 30.0 +- 3.7 and 32.8 +- 5.7 % in heterologous PPD antigens, showing the prominently high value of LAI in the homologous system (p0.01). When the leukocytes of guinea pigs sensitized with both M tuberculosis and M intracellulare (serotype 8) for 2 to 8 weeks were incubated with homologous and heterologous PPD antigens, mean values of LAI test were 67.9 +- 2.9 and 66.9 +- 5.0 % in homologous PPD antigens, while 27.4 +- 7.4 and 24.4 +- 7.1 % in heterologous PPD antigens, showing the prominently high value of LAI in the homologous system (p0.01). Comparing with the specificity of LAI and skin tests on the basis of the value obtained from the homologous system, deviation of reaction was revealed to be 49.5 to 100.2 in LAI test, and -15,9 to 52.0 in skin test

Critical parameters affecting sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to avain infections bronchitis virus (IBV) were standardied. By adopting the optimized conditions an equation calculating ELISA antibody titers from the observations at single serum dilution was formulated. The purified antigen of IBV lMass-41 strain was dispensed into polystyrene microplate wells at a concentration of 300ng per well (100 micr l) and the plates were coated by completey drying at 37deg C. Diluted chicken serum and horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-chicken IgG were added in order in 100 micro l volumes per well and allowed to react for 30 minutes each at room temperature. Just before use and after each reaction the plates were washed three times with distilled water. Finally o-phenylenediamine solution was added as an enzyme substrate. After incubation for another 15 minutes at room temperature absorbances were read at 492 nm. Hyperimmune serum against Mass-41 strain was used as internal reference positive (IRP)serum. After repeated titration of IRP and negative sera, a constant titer of IRP was determined. Serum titrations were carried out for various sample sera together with IRP and negative sera and the observed titers of sample sera were corrected by reflecting the ratio between observed and constant titers of IRP serum. These corrected titers of the sample sera were plotted against sample/positive (S/P)OD ratios. All the OD's measured in the serum titrations were also corrected by substracting negative serum OD. The following equation was formulated from the above data; Log10 ELISA titer = 5.568 (log10 S/P) + 4.161. Thus it was possible to calculate ELISA titer by measuring absorbance at 1/400 single serum dilution. Titer measured by cross ELISA tests employing Mass-41 strain and three local IBV isolates were similar. These results suggest that the ELISA tests standardized in this study can be used for evaluating not only vaccinal immunity but also for infection status against fields IBV's

This experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of Aloe vera in the pancreatic islets of streptozotocin diabetic mice. Experimental diabetes was induced in ICR mice with a single injection of SZ (140mg/Kg body weight, ip). The mice demonstrating hyperglycemia 48 hours after SZ injection were treated for 16 days with Aloe vera (300, 800mg/Kg). Plasma glucose was measured, and for morphological studies of the islets specimens were staind with hematoxylin-eosin and by immunocytochemical methods. Then we observed the morphological changes of islets. Polymorphonuclear cells were infiltrated at the periphery of the islets 48 hours after SZ injection in SZ-treated ICR mice, but no prominent WBC infiltration was observed throughout the experiment. Blood glucose in mice treated with Aloe vera after SZ injection was higher than that of SZ injected mice, and mononuclear cells were heavily infiltrated at the islets 16 days after Aloe vera treatment (300mg/Kg), and significant islets infiltration of mononuclear cells was observed 30 days after Aloe vera treatment (800mg/Kg). Islets of ICR mice treated with Aloe vera after SZ injection showed severer insulitis, degranulation and necrosis of B cells than those of SZ injected mice. These studies indicate that Aloe in SZ injected mice increases vascular permeability and number of WBC in pancreatic islets, and potentiates destruction of B cells by cell-mediated immune system

A total of 13 synchronized dairy cattle (Holstein) were used to determine pregnancy rates in relation to plasma progesterone, estradiol-17-beta levels and serum chemical values on the day of last PGF 2 alpha injection and day of frozen/thawed bovine embryo transfer. The pregnancy rate of recipients with 1.0-4.0ng/ml of progesterone levels at the day of last PGF 2 alpha injection was higher than that of recipients with below 1.0ng/ml or above 4.0ng/ml of progesterone levels. On the day of transfer, optimal progesterone levels were between 1.0ng/ml and 4.0ng/ml coinciding with a pregnancy rate of 88.9 %. Pregnancy rate decreased when progesterone levels were below 1.0ng/ml (33.3 %) or above 4.0ng/ml (0 %). Corpus luteum grade did not affect pregnancy rate and this result revealed that manual palpation of corpus luteum was not valid criterion of corpus luteum function. Progesterone levels as well as pregnancy rate did not significantly differ whether the corpus luteum was on the right (1.62 +- 1.33ng/ml; 63.5 %) or left ovary (1.99 +- 0.61ng/ml; 85.0 %). Estradiol-17-beta levels were not significantly different between pregnant and nonpregnant recipients, but estradiol-17-beta levels (82.2 +- 13.5 VS. 72.3 +- 10.1pg/ml) were higher at below 1.0 ng/ml of progesterone. Total cholesterol levels on the day last PGF 2 alpha injection and day of transfer did not affect pregnancy rate. Calcium and inorganic phoshorus levels belonged to normal range in most of the recipients. These range did not affect pregnancy rate. In reviewing above results, plasma progesterone levels (1.0-4.0ng/ml) at the time of transfer are diagnostic value for screening recipients prior to transfer of frozen/thawed bovine embryos

This experiment was carried out to investigate the hematogical and blood chemical values in dairy cattle during the dry and lactating period. Blood was collected from six healthy dairy cattle in Kyongnam province. Leucocytes count, hemoglobin concentrations and the percentage of packed cell volume were lowest at the early lactation period. Leucocytes count was not affected during dry to lactating period. The differential count of eosinophilic leucocytes was low at the late lactation period, while the basophilic leucocytes was high at the dry period. Inorganic phosphorus value was below under normal leve. Creatinine value was from 1 to 2mg/100ml of serum. Positive reaction to CRP was shown in normal dairy cattle. The values of AST and ALT were higher during the dry than lactating period. r-GTP and total cholesterol tend to be decreased during the lactating period. CPK value was not affected for dry and lactating period