The study designed to investigates the anatomical and histological structures of the thymus gland in broiler chick embryos.  Ten healthy, normal embryos at 12th and 20th days old chick embryos was used, divided into five embryos for each age. The thymus was well developed at 12th day chick embryo, Anatomically consisted of 6-8 lobes which are similar in both sides .small, translucent bean shaped lobes that became pale in color at 20th day old embryo, these lobes located in both sides of the neck, positioned parallel to the jugular vein and vagus nerve.               Histological structures of thymus gland were composed of capsule, cortex and medulla.  At 12th day old of chick embryo the thymus was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule, which septa extends into the gland stroma to form a lobulation for each lobe, the cortex and medulla was not differentiated at this age. At 20th day old chicks embryo, the lobules start to recognize and composed of external dark stained cortex with a high population of lymphocytes and internal light stained medulla with less abundant of lymphocytes , reticular fiber and epithelial reticular cells with the appearance of Hassall's corpuscles.

Postpartum an estrus in cows is regarded as one of the most important causes of functional infertility after parturition during reproductive lifespan. Therefor the present study was conducted to induce fertile estrus in anestrus cows which suffered from inactive ovaries (IO) or persistent corpus luteum(PCL) after parturition. The results of current study showed the efficiency of using GnRH or FSH as a hormonal medication to induce fertile estrus with pregnancy which reach 71.42 and 72.22 % respectively, as well as decreasing the length of days open (DO) to lesser than 150 day in both programs in 70.00 and 76.92 % respectively from induced estrus cows. Also the results revealed that the role of PGF2α in induction of fertile estrus with 83.33% of pregnancy in cows which suffered from postpartum PCL and decrease the length of DO in 80.00% from induced estrus cows. The present study improved the efficacy of uterine massage (UM) through rectal palpation to treat cases of PCL in postpartum anestrus cows with 71.42% of pregnancy, and its effect to decrease the length of DO in 60.00% from induced estrus cows.  

The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of the transmission of Leishmania donovani parasite from pregnant mothers to their embryos in experimental BALB/c mice. After 5 days of copulation males with females,females were injected with 1012 parasite/ml of promastigote stage through the tail vein, which is grown in NNN-medium. This study demonstrated parasite ability to congenital transmission from mothers to their embryos by placenta through the appearance of amastigote in tissue sections of liver and bone marrow of infected mice fetusescompared with uninfected fetuses. I

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the healing of experimentally severed Achilles tendons of the dogs repaired by Kessler suture pattern alone or with autologous peritoneal scaffold. A total of twelve healthy, neurologically and orthopedically local breed dogs were used in this study, which were randomly allocated into two equal groups (6 of each). The 1st group as a control, while the 2nd as a treated group. In both groups the Achilles tendon of one hind limb was completely severed transversely, in 1st group the tendon was repaired by Kessler suture pattern using silk No.3, while in the 2nd group a combination of Kessler suture and autogenous peritoneal scaffold was applied to reinforce the tendon repair. The site of surgery was evaluated clinically, while gross and histological study was performed at 15, 30 and 60 days post-operative days. Results was revealed that autologous peritoneum graft has a remarkable effects on Achilles tendon healing represented by improving fibroblastic proliferation, reduce adhesion, increase tendon strength and improve tendon function when compared with the control group. We concluded that peritoneal graft application has valuable and beneficial effects on treatment of ruptured Achilles tendon in dogs when utilizing it in conjunction with the traditional procedures.

In order to determine the toxic effects of anastrazol and its relationship to the incidence of osteoporosis, this study was conducted (56 females laboratory rats ) aged (3-4 month) divided into (7 groups) each group composed 8 female rats as follows: The first group was treated with a anastrazol (0.02 mg/1 kg body weight) for a 60 days. The second group was treated with anstrazol (0.02 mg/1 kg body weight) and fish oil (3750 mg/1 kg of body weight) for 60 days. The third group was treated with anstrazol (0.02 mg/1 kg body weight), and phytoestrogen (genstien) (20 mg/1 kg of body weight) for 60 days. The fourth group was treated with anstrazol (0.02 mg/1 kg body weight) , fish oil (3750 mg/1 kg of body weight)  and phytoestrogen (genstien) (20 mg/1 kg of body weight) for a 60 Day. The fifth group is treated with a drug phytoestrogen (genstien) (20 mg/1 kg of body weight) for a 60-day. The sixth group were treated with fish oil (3750 mg/1 kg of body weight) for a 60-day. The seventh group is a group control are not treated by any drugs for a 60 days. The biochemical results showed a significant decline in value of estrogen in the GI (43.925±2.895) compared with GII, GIII and GIV while significant improvement observed in the estrogen level of GII, GIII and GIV respectively (70.308±2.140), (67.42±3.812) and (74.15± 3.603) compared with the first group (43.925±2.895). Also  the GIV showed the optimal improvement in estrogen level (74.15±3.603), as well, the biochemical results showed significant increase in the level of the alkaline phosphatase in the GI which showed (190.02±3.98) compared with GII, GIII and GIV while showed significant improvement of alkaline phosphatase values in the GII, GIII and GIV respectively (180.57±1. 89), (181.37±5. 03), (176. 8±2, 41).In Real-Time PCR RANK in the first group showed up-regulation (12.157±1.59) compared with the second, third and fourth groups (5.50±90.601), (6.903±0.130) and (3.018±0.027) respectively. The results also showed an up-regulation RANKL in Group I (8.458±0.766) compared with the second, third and fourth groups respectively (6.071±0.53), (4.970±0.228) and (3.398±0.114). While the results showed an up-regulation OPG in the second, third and fourth respectively (1.924±0.08), (1.014±0.064) and (5.567±1.419) compared in the first group (0.009±0.0076).We concluded that the derivatives like genestein and fish oil lead to ameliorate the toxic effect of anastrazole, also these derivatives may minimized the risk of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency

Ticks are an important external parasite have a mechanical affect through an imbibing blood of the host and transferring a pathogenic bacteria or a virus. The present  study was focusing on the isolation of bacteria from the ticks parasitized cattle in north of Basra city,This study was conducted in north of Basrah (Qurna district) from February to July 2017Atotal number of 80cattle parasitized with ticks were samplesIsolated ticks were identified as Hyalomma to recognize what types of bacteria might be existed in these ticks, some of the cultures and biochemical tests were used. As a consequence, Staphylococcus aureus being identified in 14 of cattle sampled that infected with ticks. Regarded to present study, Staphylococcus aureusis one of the most pathogenic bacteria that can have an  impact on an animal health production and  this study that conducted from little studies in Iraq especially in Basrah about diagnosis of bacterial infection from Ticks.  

Our radiological studyof the mandibular salivary gland was aimed to investigate the intraglandular ducts systemin both gazelle and sheep.  Eight mandibular  glands and three types of contras media were used.The  radiological parameters wereKv. 80 ,  time exposure  10 msec and focus film distance  80 cm . Our result showed that the mandibular salivary gland in gazelle made up of three lobes (dorsal ,middle and ventral lobes). The duct system appeared as highly branched and the main execratory duct was made of  the unitedof three lobar ducts . While in sheep, the gland made up of four lobes (cranial ,middle ,caudal and accessory) andthe  mainexceratory duct formed from united offour lobar ducts.

Trypanosoma evansi is enzootic in camels in Egypt, and water buffaloes act as a reservoir for camel infection. Molecular techniques have contributed towards understanding the epidemiology of T. evansi. Trypanosoma evansi was detected in acute and chronic stages of the disease in male and female mice by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two primers. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, two groups consisting of 26 female and 26 male mice received 104 trypanosome by I/P inoculation for each mouse. In experiment II, 42 female and 42 male mice were inoculated I/P with 102 trypanosome/mouse. In addition, five mice were kept as uninfected control for each group. Mice were monitored daily for parasitaemia level during the pre-patent period using the micro-haematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) and conventional PCR. The primer pairs, (Trypanosoma brucei) TBR1/2 and TeRoTat1.2 (T. evansi Rode Trypanozoon antigen type [RoTat] 1.2), detected the infection after 24 hours earlier than MHCT in both experiments. The course of infection that was detected by MHCT revealed three waves of parasitaemia in female mice and two waves in male mice in the chronic stage of infection. In addition, PCR was able to detect T. evansi in different organs in the chronic stage (i.e. disappearance of parasite from blood). Application of the two primer sets on blood samples from camels showed that all samples were positive by TBR1/2 primers and only 32 of 44 were positive by TeRoTat1.2 primers. Acutely and chronically Trypanosoma-infected mice were detected by PCR in blood and organs. TBR1/2 primers were more sensitive than TeRoTat1.2 primers in detecting Trypanosoma-infected mice, and more reliable in detecting field-infected camels and excluding carrier animals.

Shrubs represent the most affordable and accessible form of feed that livestock can rely on to acquire both essential and non-essential elements of life. In addition to their inherent toxins, they contain endogenous substances commonly referred to as ‘antinutritive factors’ (ANFs) that often interfere with the utilisation of nutrients. Their abundance may lead to severe clinical trauma. Hence, the objective of the study was to investigate the effects of different extraction techniques on Nerium oleander L. and animal feeds as well as to quantify oxalates. Organic (hexane, acetone and methanol) sequential and aqueous (infusion and decoction) extractions were explored. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the presence of various phytochemicals and oxalate contents as putative ANFs, respectively. The results showed higher extraction yields of 22.6% and 43.1% in the decoction and infusion of N. oleander, respectively. The quantification methods were validated for linearity, accuracy and precision. Oxalate contents of 6.76 ± 0.245 (0.65%) mg/g and 5.74 ± 0.236 mg/g dry weight (0.55%) were obtained in N. oleander and feeds, respectively. This difference was statistically significant with p < 0.05. Percentage recoveries of 98.5 (percent relative standard deviation [% RSD] = 2.3), 85.7 (% RSD = 1.03) and 80.3 (% RSD = 1.22) at 76%, 95% and 112% fortifications were obtained, respectively. Relative standard deviation for precision was 0.99% and 1.13% at 0.33 mg and 0.39 mg fortifications, respectively, while reproducibility showed 2.21% RSD. Therefore, these methods can be used to provide a valuable basis for qualitative determination of ANFs, particularly in shrub foliage.

No abstract available.