IBD is a highly contagious viral disease which inhibit the immune system ofchickens, which is responsible for major economic losses within the poultry industriesworldwide. A total of 80 samples were collected from 8 different broiler farms fromQurna, Midyanah, Qarmat Ali, Zubair. Upon the clinical finding and postmortemlesions of the necropsied birds; bursa of fabricius, kidney, Junction between gizzardand proventriculus and thigh muscles were processed for histopathological andmolecular detection with PCR. The clinical signs were depression, pasty vent andwhite dropping. Various overall changes are observed in the bursa, such as swelling,hemorrhages to atrophy in size; In addition, hemorrhages were seen in the thighmuscles. The histopathological changes of Bursa of fabricius showed follicularvacuolation and vascular congestion ;multiples degrees of hemosiderin deposition,and the edema accumulate between follicles and basement membrane ; also, showedmoderate infiltration of inflammatory cells and accumulation of inflammatory cellslymphocytes macrophage , plasma cells as well to showed a congestion of the bursalcapsule, kidney microscopic findings renal vascular congestion in the cortex and alsothe medullary area along with the vacuolar degeneration. The suspected tissuesamples were assayed using RT-PCR for IBDV targeting VP2 gene. Out of the testedsamples 15 were Positives. In spite of using IBD vaccines in different farms of thestudied areas; the present study was detected IBD in different areas of Basrahprovince by PCR and mentioned clinical and histopathological finding, therefore it'snecessary to study the sequence analyses of such disease in future.

This study was planned to assess the improvement effect of supplementationVit.D on adult male rabbits with hypovitaminosis D was induced by put the malerabbits in dark room un exposure to sunlight, eaten restricted food for experimentperiod and administration of furosemide drug (0.5 mg/kg.B.W.). Vitamin D treatedrabbit group was given Vitamin D. two doses (high and low doses).Thirty adult malerabbits of (1500-2000 gm) body weight were used in this study and animals weredivided into five main groups, each of 6 rabbits. Control group treated with normalsaline, second group the male rabbits put in dark room un exposure to sunlight, eatenrestricted food and treated with furosemid 0.5mg/kg B.W. I.M for 16 days, thirdgroup the male rabbits put in dark room un exposure to sunlight, eaten restricted foodand treated with 0.5 mg/Kg B.W. of furosemid I.M for 16 days +200000IU/2ml ofVit.D in every week for 1month, fourth group the male rabbits put in dark room unexposure to sunlight, eaten restricted food and treated with 0.5mg/Kg B.W.offurosemide I.M for 16 days+100000IU/1ml of Vit.D in every week for 1month, fifthgroup put the male rabbits in dark room un exposure to sunlight, eaten restricted foodand treated with both 0.5 mg/kg B.W. of furosemid I.M for 16 days + exposure tosunlight for 5 hours in day until 1 month. The taken results exposed thathypovitaminosis D is associated by a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in body weight

Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease of ruminants caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV). Twenty-nine different serotypes of BTV are currently reported throughout the world. The main objective of this study is the development of a subunit vaccine model that could potentially be adapted to provide broad spectrum protection against multiple BTV serotypes, which the conventional vaccines fail to address. To this end, three different BTV proteins (conserved region of viral protein [VP]2, VP5 and NS1) were expressed and purified in an Escherichia coli expression system. The immunogenicity of these proteins was tested in murine models using the MontanideTM ISA 201 VG adjuvant. BALB/c mice were immunised thrice (with individual proteins and a mixture of three proteins) at two-week intervals and were monitored until Day 40 post-infection/vaccination. Protein-specific antibodies directed against the recombinant proteins were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutralising antibody (Nab) titres and cross-neutralisation against a range of BTV serotypes (BTV-1, -2, -4, -5, -9, -10, -12, -16, -21, -23 and -24) were determined by serum neutralisation test. The recombinant proteins elicited higher Nab titres compared with the inactivated vaccine group, except for BTV-1, where the inactivated vaccine group elicited higher Nab titres. Additive effect of the three proteins was not observed as the Nab titres generated with a combination of conserved VP2, VP5 and NS1 was similar to those of the individual protein groups. Whilst BTV-12 could only be neutralised by serum raised against the inactivated vaccine group, BTV-5 and -24 could not be neutralised by any of the groups tested. Our cumulative data suggest that the conserved regions of VP2 (cVP2), VP5 and NS1 could play an important part in the novel vaccine design against multiple BTV serotypes. Importantly, given that VP2 was already known to elicit a serotype-specific immune response against BT, we report, for the first time, that the conserved region of VP2 has the ability to induce cross-protective immune response.

Examination of 528 (450 males and 78 females) dromedary camels slaughtered at Cairo abattoir revealed that a total of (93) 17.6 % were infected with hydatidosis. Post mortem examination revealed that infection was restricted only in the lungs and the liver of infected camels. Among the 93 hydatidosis infected camels, lungs were the most frequently infected 88 (94.623%) compared with liver 5 (5.376%). ELISA test using partially crude antigen and purified antigen is important for the early diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis as most cases in the early stages of infection are asymptomatic. Sensitivity of ELISA using the crude antigen was 82.758% while sensitivity of the partially purified antigen was 79.310 %. On the other hand specificity of the crude antigen was estimated as 62.5 % and specificity of partially purified antigen as 75.0 %.

The present study was conducted to determine serum concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se) of Barki sheep reared in the rainfed area at Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. Forty apparently healthy Barki sheep (2-4 years of age) were randomly selected from Marsa Matrouh and El Negaila farms (twenty each) for this study. In addition to twenty healthy Barki sheep aged 2-4 years, obtained from Borg El Arab farm, represented as control. Animals classified into 3 groups according to water source: Borg El Arab as control (Tap water); Matrouh (Rainfall water); El Negaila (Rainfall Water). Water and serum samples were prepared for the detection and estimation of selected metals by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Metal analysis revealed that Pb levels in different water samples were recorded above the EWQS of 0.01 ppm in following: El Negaila > Matrouh > control, Cd levels were recorded in El Negaila (RW) and Matrouh (RW) above recommended limit of 0.003, Se levels were recorded above maximum limit EWQS of 0.01 ppm in control (TW) followed by El Negaila and Matrouh however the levels of Cu, Zn, and Fe from the surveyed areas were below EWQS limits. Serum mineral analysis, Pb level was significantly increased only in examined sheep of El Negaila, Cd levels were higher in examined sheep of El Negaila and Matrouh however, Cu, Zn, and Fe levels were significantly lower compared to the control group. Conclusion: water analysis showed that Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations were within the levels recommended by EWQS except for Pb, Cd and Se levels which need more attention. Serum analysis revealed high levels of Pb, Cd, and Se however deficient to marginal levels of Zn and Cu were detected in examined sheep. These results should provide a database for the mineral status of Barki sheep and their drinking water quality in Matrouh and El Negaila as well as evaluate environmental pollution status in this area.

A clear understanding of the pulmonary morphology of domestic animals is essential for the recognition and investigation of any anatomical variations. The right and left lungs of small ruminants and dog are separated into distinct lobes by inter lobar fissures. The right lung in these animals typically divides into 5 and 4 lobes, respectively. However, the left lung divides into 3 lobes. We report a case of congenital absence of the middle lobe of the right lung of a sheep and extra lobation in the left lungs of two dogs in Trinidad. This case report is of value to veterinary radiologists, pathologists, and veterinary public health inspectors during examination and investigation of the thoracic cavity of the sheep and dog.

No abstract available.