Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a good useful imaging tool for diagnosing foot lameness in equine. Seventeen donkeys of age (6–12 years), gender admitted to the clinic unit of our collage with owners complained that the animals were suffered from incurable lameness in their forelimbs. All forelimb foots were collected at the level of fetlock joint after euthanasia for performing MR imaging .The results showed that, both normal anatomy to the foot using T1-weighted image sequence and detection of different lesions involving many parts of the foot such as collateral ligaments of the DIP joint, both DDFT core and border, both navicular bone medullary cavity and cortex, articular cartilage of DIP joint, distal sesamoidean impair ligament (DSIL) and suspensory ligament of the navicular bone that could not be diagnosed by other diagnostic tools such as X- ray, ultrasound and Computed Tomography. In conclusion, Using MRI in examination of donkey foot lameness is considered as a definitive and accurate diagnostic tool for design suitable treatment regimens for all affections.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food-borne disease worldwide and food poisoning. This study reports the effect of nisin (0, 10 and 12.5 ppm) against Staphylococcus aureus in manufactured kareish cheese. Nisin was effective in reducing S. aureus count in cheese; a reduction of S. aureus count was observed from the 2nd day of storage period. S. aureus in kareish cheese decreased gradually from 4x108 to (8×107, 6.5×107, 5.8×107 CFU/gm.) in the 1st week till reached at the end of storage period of the 4th week to (4 ×104, 1.1×103, 1×102 CFU/gm.) for cheese containing (0, 10 and 12.5 ppm) of nisin, respectively during manufacture and storage for a month in the refrigerator at 4 ˚C. The data obtained in this study suggested that the use of nisin-containing cheese can be an effective method of controlling the growth and multiplication of S. aureus in cheese.

E coli infection in poultry is one of the principle causes of mortality and morbidity in chickens and turkeys resulting in retardation of growth and decreased feed conversion rate . The most common form of collibacillosis is characterized as an initial respiratory infection (air sacculitis) followed by generalized septicemia, perihepatitis and pericarditis. The present study aimed to identify the bacteria associated with pericarditis , airsacculitis and perihapatitis in Egyptian broiler chickens. A total 300 samples of diseased and dead broilers from 3-6 weeks age were collected. The isolated bacteria included E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp. And Enterobacter spp. Sero-grouping of the isolated E. coli strains revealed O125, O158, O55,O129, O20 , O6 , O8 , O27, O115, O142 and un-typed strains with prevalence of 16%, 12%, 8%, 8%, 8% , 8% , 8% , 8% ,4%,4% and 16% respectively. The majority of E coli isolates were sensitive to colistin sulphate (38%) and Norofloxacin (38%) followed by ciprofloxacin (19%), cefotaxim (19%) and Ofloxacin (19%). On the other hand, E coli were resistant (100%)to amoxicillin, clindamycin , Erythromycin and streptomycin. PCR analysis for antibiotic resistance genes of E coli detected that 12 serogroups isolates were positive using the specific primers for Aada2 , BlaCTX and TetA(A) genes. The current study demonstrated the high prevalence of E. coli indeed broilers suffered from pericarditis , perihepatitis and airsacculitis . Measures are needed to control E. coli contamination in poultry farms to reduce economic losses caused by infection of E.coli.

Bacterial disease still has serious problem in the intensive poultry production. In the recent years, particular concern has been raised by high incidence of poultry infections by E. coli. Analyses of antibacterial properties of essential oils have been carried out by range of researches. This experiment aimed to study the effect of immunomodulators on the immunogenicity of vaccine E. coli O78. In this study 250 broiler chickens were used. They were divided into 5 separated groups all groups vaccinated with E. coli O78 cebel coarse spray vaccine, except control group, 2 groups treated with immunomodulators, 3 groups challenged with untyped E. coli strain, all chickens housed in separated anavar. First group was control, 2nd group was vaccinated only, 3rd group was vaccinated and challenged, 4th group was vaccinated and received immunomodulators and 5th group was vaccinated, received immunomodulators and challenged. All chickens were observed daily food consumption, weight gained mortality rate, lesion, bioavailability, and weekly collected blood samples from 2-5 birds. The results were summarized as follows; immunomodulators have positive effect on B.W.G, decreased mortality and morbidity rate. The challenge enhanced the effect of E. coli O78 vaccine and there was marked improvement in bioavailability, B.W.G and immune defense against bacterial and respiratory diseases. Also, immunomodulators increased immunogenicity against bacterial disease through enhancing immune response system, and had synergistic effect with vaccination against E. coli.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of virgin olive oil on some blood parameters in male Albino rats. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, (90-110 g), were used in the present study and were divided into three groups (10 in each), 1st group (control), received basal diet and supplemented with 1ml saline. 2nd and 3rd groups received basal diet, and supplemented daily with 1ml/100gm B.W and 2ml/100 gm B.W of virgin olive oil (VOO), respectively. Blood samples were collected weekly from all rats. Whole blood was obtained for determination of some haematological parameters, while sera were collected for the assay of T3 and T4 hormone.

Pesticides are used extensively especially in developing countries like Egypt to control pest either in animal or in agriculture, which may lead to harmful residues in foods of animal origin. The current study was conducted to estimate the residue level of OC and pyrethroid in 320 beef and sheep samples (160each) collected from different shops at Beni-Suef governorate during summer and winter season. The collected samples were liver, muscle, kidney, and fat (80 each; 4o from each animal species).Among fourteen organochlorine compound examined, only Alpha HCH was detected in samples of cattle and sheep collected through winter season in a level below the MRL, while through summer season, only Alpha HCH and Delta HCH were detected in sheep samples in a level below the MRL. Pyrethroid pesticides residues represented by cypermethrin, deltamethrin, Es-fenvalerate, permethrin were not detected through winter season, while they were detected in muscles of cattle and fat of sheep through summer season, while Labdacyhalothrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, Meothrin were detected in most of examined samples from different species through winter and summer seasons, most of these results revealed higher mean level than the maximum residue limits . From these results most of OC could not be detected may be due to these compounds not used science 1970, on other hand pyrethroid it still used nowadays in Egypt either in agriculture or as spray in animals to control ectoparasites spatially in summer season.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate radiation exposure of dogs and cats undergoing procedures requiring intraoperative fluoroscopy and for operators performing those procedures. SAMPLE 360 fluoroscopic procedures performed at 2 academic institutions between 2012 and 2015. PROCEDURES Fluoroscopic procedures were classified as vascular, urinary, respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and orthopedic. Fluoroscopy operators were classified as interventional radiology-trained clinicians, orthopedic surgeons, soft tissue surgeons, internists, and cardiologists. Total radiation exposure in milligrays and total fluoroscopy time in minutes were obtained from dose reports for 4 C-arm units. Kruskal-Wallis equality of populations rank tests and Dunn pairwise comparisons were used to compare differences in time and exposure among procedures and operators. RESULTS Fluoroscopy time (median, 35.80 minutes; range, 0.60 to 84.70 minutes) was significantly greater and radiation exposure (median, 137.00 mGy; range, 3.00 to 617.51 mGy) was significantly higher for vascular procedures than for other procedures. Median total radiation exposure was significantly higher for procedures performed by interventional radiology-trained clinicians (16.10 mGy; range, 0.44 to 617.50 mGy), cardiologists (25.82 mGy; range, 0.33 to 287.45 mGy), and internists (25.24 mGy; range, 3.58 to 185.79 mGy). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vascular fluoroscopic procedures were associated with significantly longer fluoroscopy time and higher radiation exposure than were other evaluated fluoroscopic procedures. Future studies should focus on quantitative radiation monitoring for patients and operators, importance of operator training, intraoperative safety measures, and protocols for postoperative monitoring of patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following oral administration of a generic levofloxacin tablet and IV administration to dogs and whether the achieved plasma levofloxacin concentration would be sufficient to treat susceptible bacterial infections. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES Levofloxacin was administered orally as a generic 250-mg tablet (mean dose, 23.7 mg/kg) or IV as a solution (15 mg/kg) to each dog in a crossover study design, with treatments separated by a minimum 2-day washout period. Blood samples were collected at various points for measurement of plasma levofloxacin concentration via high-pressure liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with compartmental modeling. RESULTS After oral administration of the levofloxacin tablet, mean (coefficient of variation) peak plasma concentration was 15.5 μg/mL (23.8%), mean elimination half-life was 5.84 hours (20.0%), and mean bioavailability was 104% (29.0%). After IV administration, mean elimination half-life (coefficient of variation) was 6.23 hours (14.7%), systemic clearance was 145.0 mL/kg/h (22.2%), and volume of distribution was 1.19 L/kg (17.1%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In these dogs, levofloxacin was well absorbed when administered orally, and a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg was sufficient to reach pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets for treating infections with susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (ie, ≤ 0.5 μg/mL) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ie, ≤ 1 μg/mL) according to clinical breakpoints established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.

Analysis of hematologic and biochemical values in pigs is an important basis for biomedical research and veterinary clinical diagnosis. Reference values for specific-pathogen-free (SPF) 1-month-old Yorkshire (Y) pigs and Yorkshire-Landrace crossbred (YL) pigs are limited. The present research aimed to describe and compare the reference values for hematologic and biochemical parameters in such pigs. Blood samples were obtained from 90 Y pigs (52 males and 38 females) and 88 YL pigs (55 males and 33 females), all 1 month old and bred in an SPF environment. Among the 16 hematologic and 15 serum biochemical parameters tested, no significant differences between the Y and YL pigs were found except in the concentration of triglyceride (P < 0.05), and heterosis was not observed. Thus, the values determined in this study can be used as basic reference values for 1-month-old Y and YL pigs and will contribute to the use of SPF pigs in biomedical research.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety of stylet-in and stylet-out techniques for collection of CSF from the cisterna magna and to assess whether there were differences between techniques with regard to contamination of samples, sample quality, and efficiency of collection. ANIMALS 10 adult purpose-bred research Beagles. PROCEDURES A prospective crossover study was conducted. Preanesthetic physical and neurologic examinations and hematologic analyses were performed. Dogs were anesthetized, and collection of CSF samples from the cisterna magna by use of a stylet-in or stylet-out technique was performed. Two weeks later, samples were collected with the other sample collection technique. Samples of CSF were processed within 1 hour after collection. RESULTS Cellular debris was detected in higher numbers in stylet-in samples, although this did not affect sample quality. The stylet-out technique was performed more rapidly. No adverse effects were detected for either technique. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both techniques could be safely performed in healthy anesthetized dogs. The stylet-out technique was performed more rapidly and yielded a sample with less cellular debris. Both techniques can be used in clinical practice to yield CSF samples with good diagnostic quality.