As a chemotherapeutic agent, bleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat cancer. However, it is linked lung toxicity. Hidrosmin is a man-made flavonoid that reduces inflammation and protects cells from damage. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin with the potential to reduce lung fibrosis. The experiment randomly assigned forty mature male rats into five groups. Group 1: control group with DMSO (5 ml/kg) for 20 days; Group 2: bleomycin intratracheally (5 mg /kg) on day seven of the experiment, Group 3; hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) for 20 days + BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven; Group 4: vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) for 20 days + BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven; Group 5: hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) + vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) daily for 20 days; and BLE (5 mg/kg) on day seven. The experiment randomly assigned forty mature male rats into five groups. The first group got DMSO (5 ml/kg) every day as a control. The second group got bleomycin intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. The third group got hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day. The fourth group got vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven. The fifth group got hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) plus vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) every day for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day.

Spilopelia senegalensis, a species of laughing dove native to Iraq, has successfully adapted to the Kurdistan Region. The world's sub-Saharan Africa, Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and some other Middle East countries were among the regions it settled. The laughing dove first appeared in the middle and southern regions of Iraq in 2005. In the current study, 100 laughing doves (Spilopelia senegalensis), of various ages and sexes, were examined microscopically using blood smears stained with Giemsa. Fecal samples were aseptically taken from the intestines after the birds had been slaughtered and fully bled. Both centrifugal sedimentation and flotation techniques were used to analyze the fecal samples. The results of the investigation showed that 43 out of 100 doves (43% of them) had a plasmodium species infection. We documented that the most infective parasite infection in doves and this will be the first report in Sulaimani Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of adding an alcoholic extract of Eruca sativa seeds and lead acetate to drinking water on some biochemical blood parameters and liver histological changes of broiler chickens. A total of 144 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks, with an initial weight of 40 grams, were randomly distributed into four treatments (each treatment included 36 birds) with three replicates for each (12 birds per replicate). The first treatment was the control group (without any addition); the second treatment added 350 mg of lead acetate per liter of drinking water; the third treatment added 250 mg of the alcoholic extract of Eruca sativa seeds per liter of drinking water, and the fourth treatment added 350 mg of lead acetate and 250 mg of the alcoholic extract of Eruca sativa seeds per liter of drinking water. The results indicated a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in the total protein and globulin concentration in the third treatment. In contrast, a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in the total protein and globulin concentration was observed in the second treatment compared to the other treatments. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) increased in the second treatment compared to other treatments. A significantly higher (p≤ 0.05) amount of lead concentration was found in the blood serum, breast muscle, liver, and feces of second treatment. On the other hand, these parameters were significantly (p≤ 0.05) decreased in the third treatment compared to the others.

Damage to articular cartilage can ultimately lead to osteoarthritis, a debilitating degenerative joint disease. Treating cartilage damage is difficult because cartilage has a limited ability to heal itself and because currently available treatments are limited. Nano-fat tissue, a specific type of adipose tissue, comprises the greatest concentration of MSCs, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Nano-fat on healing of articular cartilage in dogs. Methods Ten healthy adult mongrel dogs were used in current study, The dogs were divided into two equal groups (n = 5), Group I (the control group) was left without treatment. While group II (the nano-fat group) was treated by the application of nano-fat.Result, showed that the signs of mineralization occur in the peripheral portion, particularly in the edges near the trochlear groove of joint, while operation site of control group was filled with collagen fibres, and newly generated blood vessels are evident and numerous. Control group was not featuring cartilage regeneration Conclusion, Nano-fat used as a treatment can effectively enhance articular cartilage regeneration, enhance the newly generated blood vessels and accelerate the inflammatory process.

The current study was performed to investigate the ability of propolis as natural preservative of buffalo milk against contamination by Escherichia coli. Here, 100 milk samples were collected from buffalo and transported in icebox to a laboratory. These samples were subjected to bacterial cultivation and diagnostic tests, to recover E. coli from the milk samples and to test its antibiotic susceptibility profile. Each isolate was subjected to virulence gene- and 16S rRNA gene-based PCRs and sequencing. The propolis, collected from honey bee colonies, was exposed to an extraction process and GC mass analysis. For the preservation experiment, finely-ground propolis was prepared with different concentrations (10mg,20mg, and 40mg). Each concentration was added to 1 ml of milk with a control 1ml of milk with no propolis. After that, all milk groups were placed in 5±1 °C for 10 days. Later, bacterial count was done at zero-time, 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days to identify the bacterial contamination. E. coli was detected in the milk samples before adding propolis as confirmed by the PCR. The bacterium demonstrated high sensitivity to gentamycin (18.66±0.88mm) and amikacin (15.66±0.33mm) with very low sensitivity that reached 0 mm in amoxicillin and tetracycline. The finding of the bacterial counts revealed significant (p<0.05) protection against bacterial growth, especially at high concentrations. The sequencing revealed distinct but close similarity with world isolates of E. coli. The gene expression of the virulence genes was seen significantly (p<0.05) affected by propolis. The study demonstrates that the propolis protects against bacterial growth.

This project was conducted in Health and Medical Technical College's laboratories of Al-Forat Al-Awsat Technical University in 2021. The study was dealt 370 oocytes collected from 19 three years old cows by using dissecting process. The gathered oocytes were transferred hastily to a test tubes contains m-PBS prelude for incubation by modified in vitro technique 2000, which supplemented with 5% Co2 gas state for 26 hour at 37oc. The gained consequences led to 20% maturation occurred for the second metaphase after applying m-PBS and staining with orcein stain. Statistics supports our hypothesis. The outcomes for this study is that incubation of B. indicus oocytes in vitro by modified technique 2000 with using m-PBS culture media will established a success and promising in maturation rates. This project was conducted in Health and Medical Technical College's laboratories of Al-Forat Al-Awsat Technical University in 2021. The study was dealt 370 oocytes collected from 19 three years old cows by using dissecting process. The gathered oocytes were transferred hastily to a test tubes contains m-PBS prelude for incubation by modified in vitro technique 2000, which supplemented with 5% Co2 gas state for 26 hour at 37oc. The gained consequences led to 20% maturation occurred for the second metaphase after applying m-PBS and staining with orcein stain. Statistics supports our hypothesis. The outcomes for this study is that incubation of B. indicus oocytes in vitro by modified technique 2000 with using m-PBS culture media will established a success and promising in maturation rates.

AbstractThyroid gland severely affected in cases of disruption of normal proportions of both proteins and minerals. Aim of the study was to reveal effect of collagen as a supplement on thyroid function and some trace elements in cases of hypo- and hyperthyroidism in mature male rats. 36 rats treated orally for 28 days, divided into 6 equal groups, control (G1) given normal saline, group (G2) given collagen-α®, the hypothyroid group (G3) propylthiouracil, Hypothyroidism + Collagen-α® (G4) group, Hyperthyroidism (G5) levothyroxin, and Hyperthyroidism + Collagen-α group® (G6). Results show that, Hypothyroidism Group, levels of (TSH, rT3 and phosphorus) were increased while both (T3 and T4) levels were significantly decreased, Hyperthyroidism group, level of (TSH) decreased were (T3 and T4) levels are significantly increased, there were significant increase in TSH and decreased in T3 and T4 in groups of hypothyroidism + collagen, opposite results occur in hyperthyroidism + collagen groups. TBG and TPO levels decreased significantly in hypothyroidism, but increased in hyperthyroidism, and the differences in those hormones in both the hypo+ collagen and hyper+ collagen groups were similar, in the case of hypothyroidism, there was a significant decrease in the level of calcium, opposite results occur in hyperthyroidism. There were no differences significantly in Zinc level in treated groups. Conclusion, Collagen caused different effects in the treatment groups, in hypothyroidism caused a significantly decrease in the both calcium and zinc, and an increase in phosphorus level in the blood serum of adult rats, in case hyperthyroidism the opposite results occur.

Naturally occurring uranium ore is abundant in nature and contains several isotopes of uranium. All uranium isotopes are radioactive. However, only Uranium-235 (U-235) is used to produce nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Uranium-235, important for nuclear weapons, is concentrated through uranium enrichment. In the 1970s, due to its high density, the USA started using DU to create bullets and mortar shells. The uranium oxide produced from the dust is mostly deposited inside the vehicle. depleted uranium mainly emits alpha particles. Alpha lack sufficient energy to penetrate through the skin. Exposure to DU outside the human body is not believed to be a serious hazard, but ingestion or inhalation of DU is a significant health threat. Exposure to alpha particles can have a detrimental impact on living cells, potentially leading to kidney damage. Dust that escapes from uranium metal does not usually travel far due to its density. Urine samples from soldiers and civilians in DU ammunition areas show low DU exposure. Contaminated soil ingested by cattle and sheep can contaminate the food chain. However, the transfer factor in animals is relatively low, comparable to the one for transfer to plants.

This study investigates the presence and investigate of Avian Orthoavulovirus-1 (AOAV-1), previously also called avian paramyxovirus-1, in Iraqi broiler chickens. Newcastle disease, a highly contagious and economically important poultry disease, is caused by AOAV-1. A total of 250 samples were collected from 6 Iraqi provinces; Clinically, 150 samples indicated ND. Using PCR and clinical examination, the virus was examined in 150 broiler samples from farms in the north, center and south of Iraq that clinically indicated ND. According to the results (50), 33.3% of the samples tested were positive for PCR detection using the F and HN genes.The results of this investigation may have implications for regional disease control strategies and advance our understanding of the occurrence of AOAV-1 in Iraqi poultry.

Cisplatin is one of the most potent and commonly used anticancer compounds to treat various tumors, but it causes many unwanted side effects that restrict its use. Hepatotoxicity is one of the common adverse effects that occur even when small amounts of cisplatin are used for short times. This study tested the ameliorative effect of fampridine, a compound used to treat multiple sclerosis, against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Forty rats were divided into four groups; Group 1 served as the negative control and did not receive any treatment; Group 2 was a positive control and administered a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg); Group 3 was given oral fampridine at 4 mg/kg for three consecutive days, starting from the day cisplatin was injected; Group 4 was given fampridine (4 mg/kg for three days) and cisplatin (5 mg/kg, single dose). After the experiments, animal weights, liver weights, serum creatinine, and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissues were measured after three and five days of treatment. Cisplatin caused hepatotoxicity manifested by decreased body weight, liver weight, and liver-to-body weight ratios. It also elevated creatinine concentrations in the serum and MDA and GSSG in the liver tissue, while GSH concentration decreased. Fampridine treatment ameliorated these toxic impacts from cisplatin. Hence, people taking cisplatin as an anticancer therapy and fampridine as a treatment for multiple sclerosis may benefit from the latter's protective effect against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.