Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease that poses significant threat to public health in Iraq. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of CCHF in humans, with a focus on occupational exposure, mortality rates, and temporal distribution. The retrospective analysis identified 290 confirmed cases reported between 2022 and 2023, with a total incidence case estimate of 13.5 per 100,000 individuals. The highest proportion was found among housewives (36%), followed by animal’s owners (21%) and animal’s sellers (16%). The mortality rate was estimated to be2.1 per 100,000 individuals, with a case fatality rate of 15.5%. The temporal analysis revealed a peak incidence in June 2022 (1.86 per 100,000 individuals) and May 2023 (1.53 per 100,000 individuals), highlighting seasonal patterns in disease transmission. The study concluded that CCHF is endemic disease in Thi-Qar province, and therefore, intervention programs are urgently needed to mitigate the risk of new cases. The suggested control program should include the application of acaricides to reduce tick infestations, the enforcement of regulations to prevent illegal animal slaughtering, and public awareness campaigns to improve the knowledge about the disease.

This study performed on 300 sheep in Mosul city from August 2024 to October 2024 for demonstration Microfilariae in sheep blood by use various methods such as Knott's technique, MG stain Giemsa, and fluorescent acridine orange staining. When detecting of microfilaria in the blood . The percentage of microfilaria infection is 56% during investigation by modified Knott technique. There were three forms of infection , mild ,moderate and severe infection with microfilariae in sheep using the same method showed significant differences in infection severity, below the limit of level (P < 0.05) .Also we studied the of risk factors such as age on the intensity of infection.,there was significant differences, a high percentage of infection was noticed in animals over three years old (93.1%) while low rat in sheep below one years old (27.1%). No significant differences noticed between the females (58%) and males (54%). The animals husbandry indicated increase level of infection out door system (61.6%) than indoor system (45.7%). Also there was significant differences between breed of the animals ,the infection rates in higher in export sheep (90%) than local breed (49.5%).

In this study, the parasite Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in backyard chicken and the effect of age and sex on the infection rate was studied. All samples taken from feces and intestinal contents were examined microscopically by staining methods including modified acid-fast stain, Malachite Green Stain at a concentration of 5%, 1%, Nigrosin Stain (1%), and Safranin methylene blue staining. The overall infection rate was 48.7%. The Oocyst appeared in an oval to spherical shape with a bright red color in modified acid-fast stain and without stain with a green background in malachite green stain 5% and light malachite green 1%. The oocyst appeared brighter, while in an orange color when using safranin methylene blue stain. The highest infection rate was found in the modified acid-fast stain (48.7%), Its efficiency reached 100%, Nigrosin stain (47%), malachite green stain (45.2%), and safranin blue stain (43.5%), while the lowest infection rate in the light malachite green stain (30.4%). The oocysts were divided into two types of cysts depending on the size of the cysts (large cysts and small cysts) and on the wall thickness (thick-walled cysts and thin-walled cysts). the highest infection rate was in young ages less than three months (60.8%), while in adults, the infection rate was 29.2%, no significant difference was recorded between the infection rate in females and males,

Ectoparasites can severely impact wildlife species, both through their feeding behaviour and by facilitating secondary infestations or bacterial infections. Here, we report on two cases of periorbital damage caused by ixodid tick infestations in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), including a rare record of traumatic myiasis in wildlife. Both cheetahs were recently reintroduced to the Marromeu-Coutada Complex in Central Mozambique and had sustained relatively severe injuries. This ostensibly yielded them immunocompromised and thus more vulnerable to tick infestations, particularly when exposed to novel species. These incidents occurred during the peak hot-wet season in which adult tick abundance is likely highest. These cases provide novel insights into the risks of tick infestations for reintroduced cheetahs and the importance of intensive post-release monitoring to allow for timeous veterinary intervention. Contribution: This study falls within the scope of the journal. Ixodid ticks are of veterinary importance for wildlife and domestic animals across Africa because of the associated direct damage and potential spread of tick-borne pathogens. This study investigates two cases of tick infestations in cheetahs recently reintroduced into a tropical environment. The identified risk factors appear to be exposure to novel ectoparasites, injuries, and the hot-wet season. This highlights the need to consider ectoparasite risk when planning wildlife translocations.

In recent decades, proper and high-quality food rations have been important factors in the development of the shrimp industry, its growth and maintaining its health. Since, macroalgae and probiotics play significant role in aquaculture development.This study investigates the synergistic effect of a premixed extract of brown macroalgae (Sargassum ilicifolium،Nizimuddinia zanardini،Padina australis, and Cystoseira Indica, MPE) and probiotic Bacillus subtilis IS0 (P) on the growth performance, and digestive activity in Litopenaeus vannamei. In this study, 2400 post-larvae with an average weight of 1.29±0.28 mg were randomly distributed at a density of 100 individuals in 8 experimental groups with 3 replications for each group. The control group received a diet without MPE and P, while the other groups were fed diets containing 15 g kg-1 of MPE, 1 g 100g-1 of P (P1), 2 g 100g-1 of P (P2), 3 g 100g-1 of P (P3), MPE+P1, MPE+P2, and MPE+P3 respectively for 60 days. The results showed that the groups fed MPE+P2 and MPE+P3 had the highest specific growth rates (SGR), final weights (FW) and weight gains (WG), which were significantly different from the control and other experimental groups (p<0.05). The MPE+P2 group also had the highest enzyme activities for lipase (2.02±1.37 U mL-1 protein) and protease (76.37±883.33 U mL-1 protein) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Simultaneous use of extracts from brown macroalgae and probiotic Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 2 g 100-1 g of diet improved growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of shrimp.

Oregano is an aromatic plant native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and Asia which is rich in plant chemical compounds including carvacrol and thymol, as well as phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. In this study, the effects of using oregano essential oil niosomal nanocarriers on the lipid peroxidation and the plasma antioxidant defense of Cyprinus fingerlings were investigated. A total of 240 common carp fingerling were fed in four groups, i.e., basic diet (control group), basic diet+0.05 (T1),+0.1 (T2),+1.5 g/Kg (T3) nano-niosomal oregano powder. On day 30 and day 60, the amount of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced in the treatments that had oregano added to their diet compared to the control group (p<0.0001). By ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of plasma was observed on day 60 in the T2 (p=0.0003) and T3 (p<0.0001) compared to the control group.

The main purpose of this study was to survey on achieving recombinant DNA vaccine (live delivery) against Streptococcusis for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Immunization. Initially, a total of 515 samples were collected from the head kidney of diseased fish (weighing 50_200g) in 72 farms in 8 provinces. Approximately, 40% (206 samples) of specimens were infected with Streptococcus species. Then isolated 172 DNA samples were and consequently, five pathogenic species have been identified, including Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalatiae, and Streptococcus uberis. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) has recently been discovered to play an important role in polysaccharide capsule production and virulence in S. iniae. Therefore, S. iniae was initially isolated S. iniae and cloned the phosphoglucomutase gene. Then, the PGM gene was amplified successfully and cloned in the pTZ57R cloning vector. The recombinant plasmid was subcloned into the pETD uet-l expression vector by restriction enzymes and confirmed by PCR. Meanwhile, for amplifying simA and cpsD genes were used universal primers pNZ8148 and special for simA and cpsD genes. The recombinant bacteria Lactococcus lactis (NZ9000) was used to transform the plasmid into L. lactis. Vaccination was performed by bath and injection (peritoneal) methods. The efficiency of g2 was better than g1in these two methods and in all of the groups. The detection of anti S. iniae antibody and determination of IgM level was carried out by using ELISA. The results revealed that there was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the level of IgM in both two methods and experiment groups compared to the control group. The results of the challenge of vaccinating fish with S. iniae showed that fish RPS in all groups were more than 50 percent while in the control group was 21.43 percent. The highest fish RPS belonged to group 5(61.25 percent) and statistical analyses revealed a significant (p<0.05) difference between fish vaccinated RPS, compared to the control group.

Temperature significantly influences the distribution and survival of bivalve populations, with elevated temperatures resulting in increased mortality rates. Research indicates that temperature fluctuations can markedly affect bivalve immune responses, including gene expression, hemocyte concentrations, and overall immunocompetence. Higher temperatures impair immune functions, leading to decreased phagocytic activity, compromised immune parameters, and disrupted metabolic processes, which collectively contribute to increased mortality. Understanding the relationship between temperature stress and bivalve survival is crucial for effective population management and for developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts on bivalve populations in changing ecosystems.

In recent years mammary gland neoplasm has been recognized in pet and laboratory rabbits. The present study describes the concurrence of two malignant mammary gland neoplasms in a six-year-old intact female domestic rabbit. On clinical examination, the masses were observed in the left inguinal and right thoracic mammary glands. Based on owner information, the inguinal mammary gland mass within the previous 3-month period, and the thoracic mammary gland mass within the previous 6-month period, had become evident. Finally, complete surgical removal of the masses was selected. Tissue samples of the masses were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained with H&E. In addition, immunohistochemical studies on masses sections were performed using primary antibodies against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. Microscopically, the left mass was diagnosed as solid carcinoma, and the right mass was diagnosed as intraductal papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positive cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells in both of masses with primary antibodies against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. The best treatment option for mammary masses in pet rabbits is surgical excision, that is performed under general anesthesia. In this case, no new growth of the masses was observed 4 months following surgical procedures.

Canine transmissible venereal tumor also known as transmissible venereal tumor, contagious venereal tumor, transmissible lymphosarcoma, transmissible venereal sarcoma and infectious granuloma. This tumor commonly affects the external genitalia in dogs of both sexes but More incidences in females are occurring as compared to males. The clinical signs of the genital system include serosanguineous vaginal discharge, cutaneous discharge, protrusion of neoplastic lesions, intermittent or continuous skin lesions, swelling of the genital area, excessive licking of the genital region and pain. The tumor initially is small and its color varies from pink to red, subsequently transforming into a large, ulcerated and infected mass. Over time, the volume of the tumor increases and the lesions develop into fragile, hyperemic, bleeding, multilobular and cauliflower resembling masses. A Sarabi bitch, 18 months old, was referred to the hospital of faculty of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz, suffering from serosanguineous vaginal discharge for the past three months. During examinations, the size of the vagina was normal and the discharge was observed to be red in color. CBC and biochemistry tests indicated a decrease in red blood cells and hematocrit level, along with an increase in fibrinogen. In the vaginal cytology sample, red blood cells, large and small intermediate cells and TVT round cells were observed. After multiple assessments, a diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was confirmed. However, due to the owner’s lack of follow up, treatment was not completed.