In the present study, the histo-morphometric comparison study of colon in goat and sheep wasaimed. Ten of clinically healthy sheep and goats of both sexes were collected by Al-Simawaabattoir, age ranged between 2 to 3 years, which was estimated according to the dental equationof the animals. The colon was cut and stained alternatively with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E)and (PAS).The epithelium was simple tall columnar epithelia that has goblet cells, these epithelia lining thefolds of mucosa . In sheep the folds characters by a large number of goblet cells and the foldappeared long leaf-shaped folds arranged in a zig-zag pattern , whereas, in goat appeared shortand blunt. The submucosa of the colon in the animals composed of abundant, dense connectivetissue containing blood vessels and nerves. The muscularis externia composed of a thin, outerlongitudinal layer and a thick inner circular layer between this was a narrow connective tissue.Externally, there was coated with layer of simple squamous epithelium under which was a thinlayer of loose connective tissue containing a few small elastic fibers.

Parasitic infection of Ehinococus granulosus infects many animals because ofhosts variation ; intermediate host include ,sheep ,cattle ,goats ,pigs ,horses andcamels as well as human. Transmitted to intermediate host by the ingestion of eggand transmitted to definitive host via eating infected mature cyst's containing organs.Final host was dog and canine species were the adult worms may survive for up to 3years and laying egg after 6-10 month in dog that excretes with feces. The eggs maybe eaten in food such as vegetables , herbs ,fruit or drunk in contaminated water ,theycan also stick to the hands when a person pet an infected dog or cat ,handles a wildanimal or carcass, or touches contaminated soil and vegetation . One hundred 100lungs specimens were examined in field and in laboratory, results showed that morethan 50% of lungs samples were infected with hydatid cysts or Echinococusgranulosus, histopathological examination showed sever destructive and necrotic withhemolytic changes in lungs tissues contained Echinococus granulosuscysts.Conclusions: parasitic infection Echinococus granulosus or hydatid cysts werepredominantly and commonly existence in sheep living in Kerbala.

This study was performed to investigate M. agalactiae as a cause of mastitis in sheep andgoat and study some hematological and biochemical parameters, for this aims (102) milksamples and (102) blood samples from mastitic sheep and goat were collected . our resultsshowed that detection of M. agalactiae in ratio of (10.87 %) and (16.6 % ) by culture andPCR technique. Regarding biochemical parameters we noted that zinc decrease significantly(P ≤ 0.05) in infected group, while copper, Total protein, Albumin and Globulin levels notaffected. As far as hematological parameters we noted no significant differences betweenInfected and Non Infected group in the level of WBC and Hb while significant decrease inthe level of RBC and PCV in infected group in compare with control group . we concludefrom this study M. agalactiae consider as one of mastitis cause in Salahaldeen province andit affects on hematological and biochemical parameters in studied group.

The study was done on sixty bird divided equally into four groups, firstgroup untreated control, second group low dose, third group intermediatedose and forth group high dose. The toxic effect of aflatoxin B2 in pigeonresult in histopathological changes in digestive tract mainly interstatial edemain muscular layer of muscularis externa with prominent (thicken) muscularisexterna, large blood vessels in the serosa with congestion perivascularfibrosis and prominent adipose tissue and elongation of villi of smallintestine, vacuolation of ilet of Langerhans of pancreas. In theproventricullus, prominent lamina properia and focal congestion and dilatedmucus gland of lamina properia. proventricullus with dilated mucous gland.In the respiratory system in lung areas of inflammatory cells in alveoli. Innervous system in brain with vacuolation in white matter.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological, histological, andhistochemical structures of the esophagus and stomach in small Indian mongoose at anatomy andhistology laboratory/ Veterinary Medicine College / Basra University in Basra/ Iraq. The currentstudy was conducted on six local healthy adult male mongoose directly . Morphological resultsreleaved that the esophagus is elastic muscular fibrous tube connects between pharynx andstomach. It consists from three parts; cervical, thoracic, and short abdominal part.The stomachappeared as simple type with shape of letter (J),and had three regions (cardiac, fundus, andpyloric region), two curvatures, and two openings. The mean length and width of esophagus andstomach (15cm, 0.5 cm) and (6.5 cm, 2cm cardiac, 1.5 cm fundus, and pyloric 1 cm in width)respectively. The histological study result showed the esophagus and stomach comprised fourlayers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia or serosa.Microscopic examination of esophagus revealed that the mucosal layer lined with thin stratifiedsquamous keratinized epithelium tissue. The gastric mucosa lined by simple columnar epitheliumwith goblet cells.This study showed the positive reaction for periodic acid Schiff (PAS)stain in esophagus andstomach , when appear red purple colour for mucin in the mucosa layer for them .

The aim of current study was investigate the isolation of Cryptosporidium oocystsfrom 93 fecal samples of infected slaughtered broiler chicken in local markets ofsome areas in Baghdad city, during the period from the beginning of November 2017to end of April 2018. In this study three diagnostic techniques used, flotation bySheather's sugar solution, isolation and measuring of Cryptosporidium oocysts (byocular micrometer). For conform that the isolated species of the parasite from infectedcases belong to the Cryptosporidium baileyi, experimental infection done in, broilerchicken chicks aged one week to study the histopathological lesion in infected organs(intestinal, trachea, and bursa of Fabricius). The results of calibration of isolatedoocysts, showed that the mean of measurement size of Cryptosporidium oocysts was6.2x 4.7 micrometers.

The present study was designed on 21 model cows in Mesopotamia fordiagnosis and treatment metabolic alkalosis cases. With a modern analyticalinstruments like VetStat Electrolyte Blood Gas Analyzer, our results showed anelevation in blood gases values accompanied with a significant (P < 0.01) decline inelectrolytes levels especially K (1.2 mEq/l) and Cl (77 mEq/l)). Logarithmic statisticaltherapy recording an effective tool we are used for combat metabolic alkalosis incattle.It was concluded from the current study that supposed therapeutic therapy waseffective in the correction and treatment of metabolic alkalosis in cows without lessside effects.

Methicillin resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) was a substantial bacteria that caused diversehospital and systemic infections. The detection of mec gene of this pathogen must be used as arapid screening technique. The current study was aimed to characterize the frequency of mecAand mecC genes in Staph. aureus were isolates which phenotypically were resistance tomethicillin which were recovered from patients with tonsillitis that was happened at Al-Habboby teaching hospital during the period from February to November, 2016 in Thi-Qarprovince/Iraq by using PCR technique. From a complete of 109 (63%) Staph. aureus isolates,only 71 isolates were identified phenotypically as MRSA. The molecular results weredocumented that (62% and 31%) of isolates expressed mecA and mecC, respectively. Sixty ninepercentage of all Staph. aureus isolates showed negative results of mecC gene. The currentresults of were established the significance of mecC gene in MRSA recognition than mecA geneand highlighted the increasing manner of its frequency in south of Iraq.

The HSP70 protein considered as a molecular markers to resist various stressconditions, especially high temperatures. Therefore, the high level of gene expressionof hsp70 gene is one of the ways to resist stress conditions, which can vary dependingon the polymorphisms. The study aimed to determine the extent of the correlationbetween gene expression and polymorphisms to hsp70 gene. The study was conductedin the months: November , December , 2015, January 2016, as the winter season andthe months April , May and June, 2016, as the summer season. Twenty nine Holsteinbulls born in Iraq of known fertility, 2.5 – 3.5 years old, back to ArtificialInsemination Center of Abou-Ghareeb Baghdad, Iraq, the General Company forLivestock Services, Semen collected using artificial vagina method, mRNAextraction, Synthesis of mRNA to cDNA and Real-Time Quantitative RT–qPCR weredone. The results showed significant differences in the level of gene expressionbetween polymorphisms to the hsp70 gene. In conclusion there is a positivecorrelation between the gene expression and polymorphisms of hsp70 gene inHolstein bulls born in Iraq .

This study was aimed to compare sanitary conditions by detection of hygiene statue of thechicken breast meat taken from license and unlicensed slaughterhouses. Differentmicrobiological indicators were measured to determine some traits of the local fresh chickenbreast meat during different storage periods under refrigeration and freezing temperature. Alltests were made in the post-graduate laboratories of Animal Sciences Department, College ofAgricultural sciences, University of Sulaimani. The microbial content of breast meat in this studyshowed that the TPC was increased from 3.63×104 to 8.56×104 CFU/gm meat and from 4.13×103to 9.33×103 CFU/gm meat for both unlicensed and license slaughterhouses respectively, thatstored at fridge temperature. In freezing storage, total bacterial count was fluctuated in allsamples of breast meats during 90 days of storage. The coliform bacteria count in breast meat forunlicensed slaughterhouse were increased from 7.65×103 to 1.14×104 CFU/gm meat and weresignificant differences (P≤0.05) in all storage periods at refrigeration temperature were found. Atfreezing temperature, coliform have found only in 0 and 15 days of storage for both unlicensedand licensed. For psychrotrophic bacteria, the count have increased after 6 days of refrigeratedstorage for both unlicensed and licensed slaughterhouses samples and significant differenceswere obtained in most storage periods, whereas the count have fluctuated after 90 days offreezing storage. In generally, the results microbial indicators were within the standard limits ofpermission, Coliform bacteria count revealed that the number was higher than the acceptablecount (more than 103 CFU/gm meat) in case of unlicensed samples.