In this case report, clinicopathological findings and certain biochemical parameters were presented in quails with the pendulous crop. The animal material of the study consists of a total of 3 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The quails were examined clinically first, followed by the post-mortem examinations. The investigations of Na, K, Mg, total TP and Alb were conducted using autoanalyzer. The plasma levels of sodium, potassium, magnesium, total protein and albumin in the blood samples collected from the animals were found to be higher than the averages for quails. Postmortem examination of quails has revealed that the veins of their crops were prominently pronounced and that the crops were filled with a yellowish, foulodor liquid containing whole grain particles. Furthermore, the crop mucosa of an animal contained ulcerative lesions. As a result, it was found that certain mineral levels and protein profiles of animals were affected by the pendulous crop phenomenon, and that laboratory findings should be considered alongside physical findings when dealing with it.

The study was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution patterns of diseases of goat in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2018 to December 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 452 goats were recorded during the study period. The diseases were diagnosed based on clinical signs, patient owners complain and laboratory findings. The prevalence was measured according to season and age of the goats which were studied. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test and P-value was calculated by using SPSS 25 for windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).Results: In this study, 381 (84.29%) goats were found to be diseased from 452 visited goats at Central veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka. The highest prevalence was found with worm infestation (31.42%) followed by PPR (13.72%), miscellaneous (ruminal acidosis, disuria, repeat breeding) (12.16%), pneumonia (10.18%), dermatitis (4.20%), enteritis (3.76%), urolithiasis (3.09%), bloat (2.65%), mastitis (1.55%), tetanus (1.11%) and protozoal diseases (0.44%). Rainy season represented the highest (86.11%) prevalence of goat diseases followed by winter season (82.85%) and summer season (82.44%). PPR was significantly (p<0.05) more prevalent in winter season than other two seasons. In this study, Goats had significantly higher (p<0.01) prevalence of worm infestation in the summer season (29.00%) and the rainy season (39.35%) and in all three (0-12 months, 13-24 months and >24 months) age groups with 21.64%, 45.06%, and 32.20% respectively. Prevalence of mastitis was lowest in 0-12 months (0.43%) and 13-24 months (0.62%) age group but the prevalence of tetanus was lowest in above 24 months (1.69%) age group.These findings will help to know about age-wise and season wise variation of different diseases of goat in this area and will help to execute proper preventive measures against those diseases.

Lack of information about brucellosis can affect patient’s health-seeking behaviors and thuscause constant infectation in semi-urban communities. This study aimed to determine the knowledge levelof brucellosis of dairy cattle breeders and evaluate the information about brucellosis in 83 people living in21 different villages and neighborhoods of Erdemli district. In the study, in this cross-sectional study, face to face interviews and data were collected using a 30 question questionnaire to investigate the level of knowledge about individuals aboutbrucellosis. Data were evulated by using SPSS 21.0 statistic program.While 72.3% the individuals do not know that brucellosis causes disease in humans, 56.6% do notknow that it causes disease in animals. Participants said that 56.6% had heard of the about brucellosis beforeand those who heard said that they had heard from 13.3% of their relatives or neighbors. A majority of theparticipants (56.6 %) had heard about Brucella, 72.3% of individuals do not know that brucellosis causesdisease in humans and 56.6% of the participants do not know that Brucella is an animal disease. It wasdetermined that 65 (73.8%) of the participants did not make cheese from raw milk, 66 (79.5%) did notconsume cheese fresh, and 74 (89.2%) did not make butter from raw milk cream. The individuals whoparticipated of in the study 32.5% had bovine animals and 67.5% had small ruminants; the rate of abortedanimals is 30.1% in the last year. The total proportion 20.5% was of stillbirths, the rate 51.8% was infertileanimals.In the present study infertility, stillbirth and abortion numbers of individuals who had notheard of brucellosis before were higher than those who had heard and who took the necessary precautions.It is a fact that the herd can threaten all other animals in rapidly spreading infectious diseases such asbrucellosis. Therefore, providing the necessary incentives for the establishment of modern business facilitiesin areas where animal husbandry is intensive, if this is not possible, raising the level of knowledge byproviding various trainings to individuals dealing with dairy cattle breeding will contribute to the nationaleconomy.

The corona virus SARS-CoV-2 caused pandemic Covid-19 disease. At present there is novaccine or drug approved by FDA to treat Covid-19 disease. The high fatality rate and extremefast spreading of disease in the community make researchers to invent possible therapeuticinventions a global priority. Recent studies suggested that Chloroquine (ChQ) andHydroxychloroquine (HChQ) can be used for the treatment of Covid-19 patients. In-vitro testssuggest ChQ and HChQ have good efficiency towards SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this report, wehave reviewed latest literature information about ChQ and HChQ drugs to use for the treatmentof this pandemic.

Microbial resistance to antibiotics increase the risk of infection, so new approach wasinvestigated such as new plant extracts and nano technology, so this study designed to comparethe effects of Zinc oxide nanoparticles and Aloe Vera extraction in treatment of experimentalskin infection with MRSA. In vitro, both were effective against MRSA in well diffusions assay,while in vivo, both were showed antibacterial effects and enhance tissue healing compared withMRSA infective group with priority to Aloe Vera extraction

The aim of the study to evaluate the enhanced effect of aqueous extract ofrosemary on testis tissue in male rats after inducing hyperthyroidism by L&ndash;thyroxin andcompare with propylthiouracil effect. The animals (32 male rats) were divided into twogroups. The first group was a control group consists of 8 male rats that were treated withdistilled water for 12 days and the rest of the animals induced with hyperthyroidism bylevothyroxine 0.5 mg / kg subcutaneously for 12 days. After the induction, the animalswere divided into four groups each consists of eight male rats. The first group was thecontrol group and they were treated with distilled water for another 12 days, the secondgroup included male rats induced hyperthyroidism were treated with distilled water for 12days orally, while the third group included male rats induced hyperthyroidism that weretreated with propylthiouracil at a dose of 10 mg / kg for 12 days orally, and the fourthgroup included male rats induced hyperthyroidism that were treated with rosemary extractat a dose of 12 mg / kg for 10 days, orally. The results showed that rosemary extract led tocomplete healing of testicular tissue, unlike propylthiouracil.

The design and production of innovative and safer drugs attracted to organicchemists is urgently required in order to synthesize new compounds with the potentialof biological and chemotherapeutic activities. We're reporting here, the condensationof 4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonamide (sulphanilamide drug) with 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde(vanillin), yielded derivative of Schiff base in good yield. Elementalanalysis (CHN), IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize thesynthesized compound. Using the Balb/c mouse model, the toxicity of thesynthesized compound was determined. The up and down method of Dixon wasfound to have a body weight of 1677.2 mg / kg LD50 and mild toxicity. The resultsshowed the ability of the prepared compound to improve the TWBC and DWBCvalues approach to control, giving HSV a less harmful effect than the sulfanilamidedrug.

Defects in insulin secretion by the pancreas and due to the cells may not respond properlyto insulin, hyperglycemia or diabetes will be occurred and cause to the failure in the eyes, heart,kidneys and liver function. Nowadays, researchers looking for natural adjunct treatments tocontrol diabetes. Camel milk is having anti-diabetic activity possibly because of insulin likeprotein (about 52 units/liter), that covered by fat micelles and can be an effective alternative forinsulin to treat type 1 and 2 and gestational diabetes. It is proved that camel milk is safe andeffective in improving long-term glycemic in the human patients and animal&rsquo;s models. In onestudy, daily consumption of 500 mL raw camel milk for 16 week in type 1 diabetic patients(average age 20 years) decreased daily insulin dose and blood sugar. Also raw camel milk intype 1 diabetic cases for 52 week and 3 months caused to significant reduction in HbA1c, meanblood glucose and 30% reduction in required insulin dose. Type 2 diabetics cases consumed 500mL pasteurized camel milk for two months, that mean insulin concentration was significantlyincreased by the camel milk, but fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulinresistance did not influence. Therefore, according to the studies, raw camel milk in type 1diabetes patients caused to increase insulin secretion, reduce required insulin and insulinresistance. Camel milk has immune-modulatory effects on the pancreas &beta;-cells. Camel milkinfluences insulin secretion via the proper activity of the pancreatic cells and insulin receptors.Also this special milk improves diabetes complications such as dysfunction in the kidney andliver function and diabetic wounds. In general, although according to the clinical trials, the rawcamel milk by 500 mL/day improved risk factors in diabetic patients. But it appears that morescientific studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of processing&rsquo;s methods of camel milkon diabetes cases.

This experiment has been performed to assess the effect of partial substitution of fishmealwith lentil seeds in common carp growth performance, feed utilization and certain biologicalparameters (Fulton condition, Hepatic somatic index, Gills somatic index, Kidney somatic index,Spleen somatic index, Intestine Length index, Intestine weight index). Fish from a private fishfarm were acquired in province of Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. Average fish weight ranged from 95-99gm. Fish were divided into 5 treatment groups. The treatments were: T1: In fish diet 0% lentilseed was replaced with fishmeal, T2: In fish diet 5% lentil seed was replaced with fishmeal, T3:10% lentil seed was replaced with fishmeal, T4: 15% lentil seed was replaced with fishmeal, T5:20% lentil seed was replaced with fishmeal. There had been significant differences in weightgain, daily, relative, and specific growth rate as lentil seed replaced with fishmeal in fish diet.Feed Efficiency Ratio, Protein Efficiency Ratio and Fat Efficiency Ratio was significantly higherin T5 group than that of the other treated groups. No significant differences in the mean values ofHepatosomatic index, Spleensomatic index and Kidneysomatic index were detected. Significantdifference in the mean value of Condition Factor was found among treatment groups. Intestinelengthindex was significant among treatment groups according to fish weight while mean value showed non-significant cording to fish length. The performance and general health of thecommon carp were significantly improved by raw lentil seed. Due to their low price incomparison to fishmeal and commercially available in all markets, it is suggested to substitutethe fishmeal with raw lentil seed in commercial fish diet.

This study was carried out to investigate the harmful effect of water fluoridation on both(thyroid and adrenal gland) in adult male rats its weight about (400-300gm) exposed to sodiumfluoride(NaF) in the drinking water. We are used in this study (٣٠) adult male rats (albino) weredistributed randomly and divided into two equal groups (15 animals per group) . The first groupwas given normal water and considered as a control group (control group), while the second groupwere given drinking water with 100 ppm of sodium fluoride(NaF) (treated group). this study carriedout in the animal house in the college of Vet. Med.\ Tikrit University. blood was drawn through theeye pupil for periods (0,30,60 days) in order to measure the following parameters: Measurement ofGlutathione(GSH) concentration, total cholesterol and blood glucose concentration . In additiontaking tissue sections of the thyroid and adrenal glands.The results of this study showed thatexposure of animals to sodium fluoride at a concentration of 100 ppm in drinking water for (60)days cause adrenal and thyroid gland dysfunction, represented by a significant decrease in the levelof glutathione in blood serum on days 30 and 60 of the experiment and a significant increase in totalcholesterol and blood glucose concentrations.The results of the histological examination of thethyroid gland of the treated group showed hyperplasia of the epithelial cell layer lining the acini vesicles, and severe lipid changes were seen in the function of Reticularis in the histological sections of the thyroids gland of the same group animals. The results of this study confirmed theharmful effect of sodium fluoride(NaF) on thyroid and adrenal functions in addition to its effect onsome biochemical parameters that are indicative of the occurrence of harmful effects of somechemical compounds