There was studied the influence of parasites on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gastrointestinal microflora of animals. The digestive path represents open system by means of which contact of macroorganism to environment and present at it microbes is carried out. For normal functioning of digestive system the essential role is played by its microbiocenosis condition. During the research some regularities in the rumen and intestine microflora content under the influence of parasites (e.g. N. vitulorum and in assotiation with Eimeria spp. and Strongylata spp) have been postulated. They are expressed by quantity reduction of bifido- and lactoflora with simultaneous increase of content of conditional-pathogenic intestinal stick, aerobic bacillus and micromicet; decrease of quantitative and qualitative structure of protozoa rumen, decrease in their mobility, and also decrease in activity of cicatricial microflora. | Целью работы является изучение влияния паразитов на количественную и качественную характеристики микрофлоры желудочно-кишечного тракта животных. Пищеварительный тракт представляет собой открытую систему, посредством которой осуществляется контакт макроорганизма с внешней средой и присутствующими в нем микробами. Для нормального функционирования пищеварительной системы существенную роль играет состояние ее микробиоценоза. В ходе исследований установлены определенные закономерности в изменении микробиоценоза рубца и кишечника под влиянием паразитарных агентов у телят (а именно, при паразитировании Neoascaris vitulorum в виде моноинвазиии или в ассоциации с Eimeria spp. и Strongylata spp.), которые выражаются уменьшением количества бифидо- и лактофлоры с одновременным увеличением содержания условно-патогенной кишечной палочки, аэробных бацилл и микромицет; нарушением количественного и качественного состава простейших рубца, снижением их подвижности, а также снижением активности рубцовой микрофлоры.

There was studied the features of intra-bodies vessels of turkey thymus of white breed during postnatal ontogenesis. Results of the anatomic and histologic research which allowed to study law of transformations of intra-bodies vessels of turkey thymus are reflected. It is established, that age reorganisation of intra-bodies vessels of turkey thymus is interfaced to development of the basic structural body components. The microvascular thymus channel at the expense of presence hemato-thymus barrier accepts active participation in separation of blood and blood-groove regulation in parenchyma. The maximum factor of thymus blood supply of turkeys is noted in 70 days. Before puberty there is a growth of intra-bodies vessels at the expense of increase in their diameter and a thickness of a wall (mainly media), and after 220 days the haemodynamic potential of body decreases owing to increase of the involutional processes characterized by reduction of vesseldiameter and a thickening of their wall for the account of adventition. In the tabular form the sizes of intracapsular thymic vessels, the sizes of interlobular thymic vessels are presented. | Цель исследования - изучить особенности интраорганных сосудов тимуса индеек белой широкогрудой породы в постнатальном онтогенезе. Отражены результаты анатомических и гистологических исследований, позволивших изучить закономерности преобразований интраорганных артерий тимуса индеек белой породы в период постнатапьного онтогенеза. Установлено, что возрастная перестройка интраорганных артерий тимуса индеек сопряжена с развитием основных структурных компонентов органа. Микрососудистое русло тимуса за счет присутствия гематотимусного барьера принимает активное участие в сепарации крови и регуляции кровотока в паренхиме. Максимальный коэффициент кровоснабжения тимуса индеек отмечен в 70 суток. До полового созревания происходит рост интраоганных артерий за счет увеличения их диаметра и толщины стенки (преимущественно медии), а после 220 суток гемодинамический потенциал органа снижается вследствие нарастания инволюционных процессов, характеризующихся уменьшением диаметра артерий и утолщением их стенки за счет адвентиции. В табличной форме представлены размеры интракапсулярных артерий тимуса, размеры междольковых артерий тимуса.

Belarus is among regions, where the selenium content in soil, hence, in cereal and other cultures considerably below requirements that leads to insufficiency of this microelements in a diet as the person, and animals. Synthesized in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Feeding of Agricultural Animals new organic compound of selenium - selenopyran on variety of criteria has no analogues in the world among considerable quantity selenium of containing preparations and favourably differs from all known forms of microelements. Selenopyran, brought in fats and forages, shows antioxidatic the properties which are not conceding traditionally applied in veterinary science and medicine to antioxidants. Arriving in animal body with forage or in the form of injections, selenopyran is capable to play a role of a metabolic regulator. It activates enzymes of antioxidatic body protection, reduces formation new and will neutralize of earlier formed activeproducts of peroxide lipids oxidations, improves functioning of cellular membranes, normalizes metabolism, makes active cellular, humoral and phagocytal immunity links, raises nonspecific resistance and efficiency of animals. Toxicity of selenopyran more low, than at all known organic connections of selenium, and more than in 100 times is less, than at sodium selenit. The data allow to expand possibilities of application of organic selenium and to use it as a preparation raising resistance and body viability at the expense of the patronage of cellular structures from influence of oxidizers and free radicals, to normalize metabolism and to stimulate thus the big additional body weight at animals. The influence of medicine organic selenium on piglet bodies what are behind a growth and development is shown. The results showing the dynamical changes of haematologicals, physiologicals and biochemicals indices under the influence of selenopyran was given.

The use of low intensive red spectrum laser radiation for prevention of abomasoenteritis in calves is effective method. As a result the increase of erythrocytes level and saturation of them with hemoglobin happens. Natural resistance with bactericide and lysozyme activity are going up phagocytosis of neutrophils is activated. The most successful method are magnet-laser radiation of blood and laser acupuncture. There was studied the low intensive red spectrum laser radiation for prevention of abomasoenteritis in calves. During the research it is established, that preventive efficiency at abomasoenteritis in the first trial group has made 80%, in the second and the third - 90%. As a result of the spent work high preventive efficiency of action of the low intensive red spectrum laser radiation is established at prescription of through-skin blood irradiations by the therapeutic laser in a combination to a constant magnetic field and as a result influences on biologically active points. Application of these ways allows to reduce level of disease of animal abomasoenteritis. As a result of physiotherapeutic influence there is content increase of erythrocytes in blood of calves and saturation their haemoglobin. Natural resistance with bactericide and lysozyme activity are going up phagocytosis of neutrophils is activated. The most successful method are magnet-laser radiation of blood and laser acupuncture. It is caused by that positive changes occurring in an organism, have been more brightly expressed and besides preventive and economic efficiency of these ways of irradiation also were at higher level. In the tabular form dynamics of morphological indicators at calves under the influence of laser radiation, dynamics of indicators of natural resistance at calves as a result of the laser therapy, some biochemical indicators of blood is presented at carrying out of research.

The work purpose - search of indirect tests system for diagnostics of energy deficiency of sows, interrelation studying of energy deficiency, the states of sows health and their efficiency. As a result of the spent research it is established, that the energy deficient state develops in the final pregnant period at sows. At occurrence of the energy deficient state at sows adaptation disorders develop; the energy deficient state of sows are characterizing of decreasing in the blood concentration of glucose on 33,3%, triglycerides - on 69,2%, phospholipids - on 26,0% and simultaneous increase in concentration of lactic acid at 30,4% and ketone bodies - on 30,8%; development of the energy deficient state at sows leads to duration increase of guard rail on 48,3%, to increase in an issue of quantity of deadborn pigs in 8 times, physiologically unripe in 5,5 times, to decrease in weight of a nest on 8,6%; the revealed correlation interdependence of biochemical indicators of sow blood and their economic indicators allow to use content definition in glucose blood, triglycerides, phospholipids, lactic acid and ketone bodies as diagnostic markers of the energy deficient state. In the tabular form the indicators of carbohydrate and lipidic exchange in sow blood at diagnostics of the energy deficient state, some economic indicators of sows, correlation factors between economic indicators and results of biochemical research of sow blood are presented. | Цель работы - поиск системы косвенных тестов для диагностики энергодефицитов свиноматок, изучение взаимосвязи энергодефицитов, состояния здоровья свиноматок и их продуктивности были основными задачами нашей работы. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что в заключительный период супоросности у свиноматок развиваются энергодефицитные состояния. При возникновении энергодефицитных состояний у свиноматок возникают нарушения адаптации; энергодефицитные состояния у свиноматок проявляются снижением содержания в крови глюкозы на 33,3%, ТГ - на 69,2%, ФЛ - на 26,0% и одновременным увеличением концентраций МК на 30,4% и КТ - на 30,8%; развитие энергодефицита у свиноматок приводит к увеличению продолжительности опороса на 48,3%, увеличению в приплоде количества мертворождённых поросят в 8 раз, физиологически незрелых в 5,5 раза, снижению массы гнезда на 8,6%; выявленные корреляционные взаимозависимости биохимических показателей крови свиноматок и их хозяйственных показателей позволяют использовать определение содержания в крови глюкозы, ТГ, ФЛ, МК и КТ в качестве диагностических маркеров энергодефицитов. В табличной форме представлены показатели углеводного и липидного обмена в крови свиноматок при диагностике энергодефицита, некоторые хозяйственные показатели свиноматок, коэффициенты корреляции между хозяйственными показателями и результатами биохимических исследований крови свиноматок.

There were studied the biochemical indicators of blood of pregnant and milk cows; haemotological indicators, clinical display of disease and therapeutic efficiency of a new way of treatment of calves dyspepsia with use of an electroactive solution of anolit neutral. On the basis of the spent research it is possible to make the conclusion, that gastroenteric diseases at calves in the given economy have pluricausal character. The main etiological factors are: a metabolism disorder at cows-mothers and rough non-observance of technology of calve cultivation. Inclusion in the complex scheme of treatment of the calves with dyspepsia, the solution of anolit neutral promotes reduction of duration and weight of disease; anolit promotes normalization of metabolism, liver function, kidneys, adsorption processes from a gastroenteric path; use of anolit neutral treatment of dyspepsia in the complex scheme is economic. | Цель работы - изучение биохимических показателей крови стельных и дойных коров; изучение гематологических показателей, клинического проявления заболевания и терапевтической эффективности нового способа лечения диспепсии с использованием электроактивного раствора анолита нейтрального. На основании проведенных исследований можно сделать заключение, что желудочно-кишечные заболевания у телят в данном хозяйстве носят полиэтиологический характер. Ведущими этиологическими факторами являются: нарушение обмена веществ у коров-матерей и грубое несоблюдение технологии выращивания телят. Включение в комплексную схему лечения телят, больных диспепсией, раствора анолита нейтрального способствует сокращению сроков заболевания; анолит способствует нормализации обмена веществ, функции печени, почек, процессов всасывания из желудочно-кишечного тракта; использование анолита нейтрального в комплексной схеме лечения диспепсии, является экономически выгодным.

Data on studying of efficiency of application of immunobiological preparations on efficiency and other clinical and biochemical indicators for chickens-broilers are cited. It is established, that their application to chickens-broilers promotes increase of biological value of fowl as foodstuff and is economically expedient. Application of a preparation the Biococktail-NK in an optimum dose 0,1 - 0,2 ml/goal (10,0-20,0 million microbic bodies) has allowed to increase intensity of growth of chickens-broilers by 3,5%, to lower forage expenses for production of a gain of body weight of 1 kg on 4,95%, to raise safety of young growth of birds on 3,4 % and to lower a case of birds to 1,6% (technological norm of 5%). The carried out calculations have shown, that introduction of the Biococktail-NK in a ration of broilers is economically justified, as safety of young growth in 4th trial group has raised on 3,4%, in the third - on 2,5%, in the second - on 1,3%. On the basis of the spent research fowl of the delivered samples in which ration it was entered the probiotic Biococktail-NK from calculation 0,1 - 0,2 ml/goal (10,0-20,0 million microbic bodies) since daily age within the first 5 days into 4 cycles with an interval of 7 days till the end of the cultivation period is established, that on organoleptic, physical and chemical, bacteriological indicators, and also biological value and harmlessness does not concede to meat of control group and is good-quality. In the literature there are data about influence of biologically active substances on growth and development of bird. Despite it, about influence of probiotical and immunostimulatory preparations as separately, and in a complex with probiotics, on an organism of chickens-broilers it is not enough data that induces carrying out of scientific research in the given direction. Simultaneous use of probiotics on the basis of an intestinal stick in rations of chickens-broilers is the perspective directions. Proceeding from it, working out of new effective ways of increase of chickens-broilers efficiency with a view of reception of ecologically pure and safe products of poultry farming is actual for poultry-farming economy of Belarus.

Hepatospecific metabolic profile of blood serum in cattle with fat liver dystrophy has been studied. It has been stated that at this pathology the activity of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase hses; concentration of common cholesterol increases; lover indices of activity of cholinesterase, gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase and concentranion of serum albumin are observed. There was studied the hepatospecific metabolic profile of blood serum in cattle with fat liver dystrophy. The following biochemical indicators have been included: activity of some enzymes (alaninaminotransferase, aspartataminotransferase, gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase), concentration of common protein, serum albumin, common cholesterol and common bilirubin, and also colloidal-sedimentary tests (thymol turbidity test and test on apolipoproteins-b). At fat liver dystrophy the activity of aminotransferases increases, specifying on the cytolytic processes proceeding in hepatocytes. Authentic increase of alkaline phosphatase enzyme and concentration of common cholesterol at animals testifies about developed intrahepatic cholestasia. Decrease of cholinesterase activity, concentration of serum albumin and the tendency to fall of enzyme gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase at fat liver dystrophy specify in infringement of albuminous exchange - a lack of proteosynthetic liver functions. Thus, offered for research hepatospecific metabolic profile of blood serum in cattle with fat liver dystrophy reflects proceeding pathological processes in body. In the tabular form data on activity of hepatic dependent enzymes at cows with fat liver dystrophy in comparison with healthy nonpregnant animals, indicators of colloidal-sedimentary tests, concentration of common protein, serum albumin in blood serum of cows with fat liver dystrophy and at healthy nonpregnant animals are presented.

Determination of the optimum parameters of cattle embryos production in vitro from high-producing cows after their slaughter on a meat-packing plant was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Oocyte cumulus complexes of cows of black-motley breed and the conditions of their maturing were used as the object of experimental research. Oocyte cumulus complex were allocated with dissection of ovaries tissue placed into Hanks culture medium. The search and morphological estimation of quality of received oocyte cumulus complexes were realized by microscopic research. Then, the oocytes were placed into a culture medium for cell maturing in СО2-incubator at 38,5 deg C with the maximum humidity (98%), with presence of 5% СО2 under a layer of mineral oil for 24 hours. Matured oocytes were impregnated with the frozen-thawed sperm after capacitation. Oogenesis efficiency of production of pre-implantation germs in vitro was determined in accordance with the level of embryonic fission and production of viable germs. Use cumulus cells monolayer made it possible to increase the quantity of ripened oocytes on 5,2-5,7%, level of embryonic fission - on 14,0-14,6% and production of embryos - on 13,8-12,5% depending on a way of its production in comparison with groups of the cells which were cultivated without a monolayer. Thus, the research has shown the exploitability of use of cellular reproductive technologies in selection and breeding activities in cattle breeding. Their application in combination with embryo transplantation could make it possible to use the reproductive potential of high-priced oocyte donors more effectively for the genetic improvement of animal population efficiency

As a result of the realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research on revealing the influence of polymorphism character and the influence of presence of various allelomorphic variants of IGF-2 gene in breeding boars genotype on fattening and carcass traits of stores of Belarusian large white and Belarusian meat breeds it was established: 1. frequency of occurrence of desired QQ genotype among boars of the Belarusian meat breed was rather low and has made 10%. Among boars of the Belarus large white breed the given genotype has not been revealed. Heterozygotic genotype Qq had a rather wide range - from 26,6% at boars of the Belarusian meat breed to 43,2% at boars of the Belarusian large white breed; 2. fattening boars of both studied breeds which had been received from the boars bearing in their genome Qq genotypes of IGF-2gene showed the tendency for predominance in fattening and carcass traits over their herdmates which had been received from the boars bearing in their genome qq genotypes; 3. The posterity of boars of the Belarusian meat breed bearing in their genome the homozygous QQ genotype, authentically surpassed in fattening and carcass traits their analogues which had been obtained from fathers with a genotype qq. The following traits were higher: age of achievement of body weight; daily average weight gain in case of fattening; feed expenses per unit of live weight gain; slaughter yield; weight of a back third of half carcass. Research results showed, that IGF2gene (a gene of the insulin-like growth factor) could be a perspective candidate gene which makes it possible to predict the growing capacity and carcass trait of pigs of Belarusian breeds. Taking into consideration the influence undesired q allele, for the increasing of fattening and carcass traits of pigs it was possible to recommend the realization of estimation of replacement boar pigs using the data analysis of their genotype of IGF2 gene, as additional criterion of their selection