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Distribution and morphological measurements of wild and urban rodents from four habitats in the states of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Full text
2013
Paramasvaran S. | Mohd Zain S. N. | John Jeffery | Selvanesan S. | Hassan L. | Sani R. A. | Krishnasamy | Santhana R. L. | Latifah I. | Rahmat M. S. | Amal N. M.
A total of 204 rodents comprising of 14 species were identified from four different habitats namely urban, forest, paddy field and coastal. The Gombak forest reserve habitat was found to be ideal
for the survival of 11 different rodent species. Maxomys rajah, Leopoldamys sabanus and Sundamys muelleri were the predominant rodent species distributed in the Gombak forest. Rattus ratus diardii was found mainly in the urban, paddy field and coastal habitat (67.1%). Morphological measurements of the rodents trapped from the four habitats did not show any major changes.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluation of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) product for worm control on goats Full text
2013
Premaalatha B. | Zary Shariman Y. | Norhafiza N. H. | Nurulaini R. | Chandrawathani P. | Nor Andilla I. | Rahimah H. | Wahab A. R.
This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the
effectiveness of Neem leaf extracts, Azaridachta indica, an indigenous medicinal plant, against helminths of goats. Two extracts were prepared with distilled water using two different techniques; that is, the Neem leaves Water Extract (NLWE) and decoction of Neem
leaves(NLD). This study was carried out using 20 goats from a government farm in Perak. The two extracts showed variable degrees of efficacy in naturally infected goats, as measured by faecal egg count. Further evaluation is required to establish the efficacy.
Show more [+] Less [-]Post mortem findings in a stranded Bryde’s whale on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Full text
2013
Azman S. | Fatiah M. A. | Inirah C. I. | Ishak S. | Azizul M. O. | Wan S. | Zainal A. | Noorulhayatunofuz Y. | Kamaliah G. | Gunalan S. | Chandrawathani P. | Minah O.
A detailed post mortem was carried out on a male Bryde’s whale
Balaenoptera brydei, a cetacean of suborder Mysticetes, with a wide geographical distribution. The stranded whale, weighing approximately 3.5 metric tons was found beached along the Pekan Nenasi River, Pahang in East Coast of Malaysia facing South China Sea. Gross pathology showed severe hemorrhagic gastritis, probably
due to foreign material found compacted in the multichamber stomach, severe congestion in the various vital organs due to toxemia, and severe endoparasite burden in the intestine. Thousands of Digeneans
were found in both the caecum and colon. Morphological identification was carried out on these parasites which were identified as Ogmogaster species. As co parasites, the acathocephalan worms Falsifilicollis species was also detected in the large intestine. Histological examination indicated severe bronchointerstitial embolic pneumonia, chronic interstitial
hemorrhages, intra alveolar septa thickening in lung tissue; chronic hepatic interstitial hemorrhage, hepatocellular and centrilobular degeneration on the liver tissue; renal tubular and glomerular
necrosis in kidney tissue; splenic necrosis and hemorrhages; intestinal mucosal layer necrosis and severe intestinal villi necrosis. The continuing survival of Bryde’s species whale is precarious, because of disregard for appropriate measures for their
conservation and to conduct appropriate study for the cause of death.
Show more [+] Less [-]Investigation on performance of different age and gender using biochemical profile of horses during 120 km endurance race Full text
2013
Noraniza M. A. | Lawan A. | Rasedee A. | Bashir A.
Exercise-induced changes of pro-oxidant generating substances and muscle fibre damaging enzymes are the possible causes of reduced performance in endurance horses. Therefore, this study aims to investigate on the performance of different age and gender using biochemical profile of endurance horses during 120 km endurance race. One hundred and eighty four Arabian endurance horses were physically examined and blood samples were collected post-race.
After physical examination, the MD (F, n= 44; G, n = 86) and SC (F, n = 20; G, n = 34) were identified. T-test and pairwise correlation were used for the analysis. There were significant differences in
CK, uric acid, lactate and age (P<0.0001) respectively between the gender in the MD and SC. There were significant differences in AST (P<0.0029) and GGT (P<0.0039) respectively between the gender in the
MD and SC. In conclusion age and gender significantly affect performance of endurance horses in relation to biochemical profile during 120 km endurance race. Therefore, further studies are required to determine if age, gender and biochemical profile could be used to assess performance in endurance horses.
Show more [+] Less [-]Semen collection: a Malayan gaur bull experience Full text
2013
Mohd Iswadi Ismail | Fahrul Firdaus Jaffar | Abd Wahid Haron | Khairiah Mohd Shariff | Abdul Samad Akil | Mohd Hafiz Mail | Fazly Ann Zainalabidin | Abas Mazni Othman | Zawawi Ismail | Mohamad Hafiz Darus
Evaluation of solar dryer designs for fodder drying Full text
2013
Mohamad Noor I. | Lily Suhaida M. S. | Nurul Aini M. Y. | Syed Hussein S. A. | Farah J. | Haryani H. | Nurshuhada S.
A solar dryer was designed and constructed to dry fodder for livestock. The objectives of this project were to design and construct solar dryer systems for fodder drying and to evaluate the performance of the systems developed so that farmers can compare and choose an appropriate drying system to dry fodder. Two types of solar driers were designed in this study named as a) prototype solar dryer and b)greenhouse solar dryer. The performances of both systems were evaluated by observing their ability to achieve and maintain an optimum temperature of 60oC for a perfect drying process. In 2011, the prototype solar dryer was constructed at the Malaysia Veterinary Institute; however the results obtained were not as expected as the highest temperature achieved with the system was 44.9oC. Therefore, in 2012, the greenhouse solar dryer was constructed to replace the prototype model and the system has the ability to achieve the temperature up to 72.7oC.
Show more [+] Less [-]Testing Neem products on goats in Infoternak, Perak: a preliminary trial for neem capsules, neem juice, neem extract & neem decoction for worm control Full text
2013
Lily Rozita M. H. | Renuga K. | Erwanas A. I. | Jamnah O. | Nor Andilla I. | Norhafiza N. H. | Zary Shariman Y. | Ramlan M. | Premaalatha B. | Chandrawathani P. | Zaini C. M. | Shanmugapriya P.
Four types of products made from Neem namely, neem leaf decoction, neem capsule, neem fresh juice and neem extract were given to 4 groups of goat for a period of 10 weeks to evaluate the effectiveness of these products in controlling natural gastrointestinal helminth infection. During the course of the study, faecal egg counts, Packed Cell Volume and FAMACHA readings were
monitored weekly. Results of feeding these products were variable when compared to untreated control animals, however, a 40-60% worm control was observed. Further testing is required to fine tune these
products for use in the field especially where anthelmintic resistance deems drugs to be ineffective.
Show more [+] Less [-]A preliminary study to understand the status of Newcastle disease and Avian Influenza disease in Sabah Full text
2013
Wong, N. | Normah Y. | Yeo, B. K.
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) from backyard chickens and ducks in Sabah. A total of 2,117 samples consisting of 1,498 swabs and 619 serum samples were taken from all districts in the state.
All samples tested were negative to Avian Influenza virus. 23.59% of the 619 serum samples collected were sero-positive for Newcastle Disease with the highest HI titre being 1/256. Only one pool of 4
trachael swabs or 0.27% of the total 1,498 swabs was positive on virus isolation for Newcastle Disease. No Avian influenza virus was isolated from all the samples collected.
Show more [+] Less [-]Assessment of calcitonin response to experimentally induced hypercalcemia in cats Full text
2013
Pineda Martos, Carmen María | Aguilera Tejero, Escolástico | Raya Bermúdez, Ana Isabel | Guerrero Pavón, Fátima | Rodríguez Portillo, Mariano | López Villalba, Ignacio
Assessment of calcitonin response to experimentally induced hypercalcemia in cats Full text
2013
Pineda Martos, Carmen María | Aguilera Tejero, Escolástico | Raya Bermúdez, Ana Isabel | Guerrero Pavón, Fátima | Rodríguez Portillo, Mariano | López Villalba, Ignacio
Objective: To characterize the dynamics of calcitonin secretion in response to experimentally induced hypercalcemia in cats. Animals: 13 healthy adult European Shorthair cats. Procedures: For each cat, the calcitonin response to hypercalcemia (defined as an increase in ionized calcium concentration > 0.3 mM) was investigated by infusing calcium chloride solution and measuring circulating calcitonin concentrations before infusion (baseline) and at various ionized calcium concentrations. Calcitonin expression in the thyroid glands of 10 of the cats was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Preinfusion baseline plasma calcitonin concentrations were very low in many cats, sometimes less than the limit of detection of the assay. Cats had a heterogeneous calcitonin response to hypercalcemia. Calcitonin concentrations only increased in response to hypercalcemia in 6 of 13 cats; in those cats, the increase in calcitonin concentration was quite variable. In cats that responded to hypercalcemia, calcitonin concentration increased from 1.3 ± 0.3 pg/mL at baseline ionized calcium concentration to a maximum of 21.2 ± 8.4 pg/mL at an ionized calcium concentration of 1.60 mM. Cats that did not respond to hypercalcemia had a flat calcitonin-to-ionized calcium concentration curve that was not modified by changes in ionized calcium concentration. A significant strong correlation (r = 0.813) was found between the number of calcitonin-positive cells in the thyroid gland and plasma calcitonin concentrations during hypercalcemia. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Healthy cats had very low baseline plasma calcitonin concentrations. A heterogeneous increase in plasma calcitonin concentration in response to hypercalcemia, which correlated with the expression of calcitonin-producing cells in the thyroid, was identified in cats.
Show more [+] Less [-]Assessment of calcitonin response to experimentally induced hypercalcemia in cats Full text
2013
Pineda, Carmen | Aguilera-Tejero, Escolastico | Raya, Ana I. | Guerrero, Fatima | Rodríguez, Mariano | López Moreno, Ignacio
Objective—To characterize the dynamics of calcitonin secretion in response to experimentally induced hypercalcemia in cats. Animals—13 healthy adult European Shorthair cats.Procedures—For each cat, the calcitonin response to hypercalcemia (defined as an increase in ionized calcium concentration > 0.3mM) was investigated by infusing calcium chloride solution and measuring circulating calcitonin concentrations before infusion (baseline) and at various ionized calcium concentrations. Calcitonin expression in the thyroid glands of 10 of the cats was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. Results—Preinfusion baseline plasma calcitonin concentrations were very low in many cats, sometimes less than the limit of detection of the assay. Cats had a heterogeneous calcitonin response to hypercalcemia. Calcitonin concentrations only increased in response to hypercalcemia in 6 of 13 cats; in those cats, the increase in calcitonin concentration was quite variable. In cats that responded to hypercalcemia, calcitonin concentration increased from 1.3 ± 0.3 pg/mL at baseline ionized calcium concentration to a maximum of 21.2 ± 8.4 pg/mL at an ionized calcium concentration of 1.60mM. Cats that did not respond to hypercalcemia had a flat calcitonin-to-ionized calcium concentration curve that was not modified by changes in ionized calcium concentration. A significant strong correlation (r = 0.813) was found between the number of calcitonin-positive cells in the thyroid gland and plasma calcitonin concentrations during hypercalcemia. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Healthy cats had very low baseline plasma calcitonin concentrations. A heterogeneous increase in plasma calcitonin concentration in response to hypercalcemia, which correlated with the expression of calcitonin-producing cells in the thyroid, was identified in cats.
Show more [+] Less [-]Influência das fases de anestro e diestro sobre a configuração da cromatina em vesícula germinativa de oócitos caninos Full text
2013
Leda Maria Costa Pereira | Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira Bersano | Maria Denise Lopes
Influência das fases de anestro e diestro sobre a configuração da cromatina em vesícula germinativa de oócitos caninos Full text
2013
Leda Maria Costa Pereira | Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira Bersano | Maria Denise Lopes
Na espécie canina as taxas de maturação oocitária são baixas e a porcentagem de oócitos que permanecem em estagio de vesícula germinativa (VG), independente das condições de cultivo, e alta. Durante a maturação oocitária, a VG sofre modificação e remodelamento da cromatina, que se manifesta por alterações na sua configuração e posicionamento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho e avaliar a configuração e o posicionamento da cromatina de oócitos em estagio de VG durante o anestro e diestro de cadelas. Os ovários de 33 fêmeas (20 cadelas em anestro e 13 em diestro) foram isolados, fatiados e os complexos cumulus-oócitos (COCs) foram submetidos à solução de hialuronidase 0,2% para a liberação das células do cumulus. Apos esse processo, os oócitos selecionados foram corados, avaliados e apenas COCs grau 1 foram utilizados. De um total de 920 oócitos, 566 foram classificados como grau 1 e os estágios de configuração da cromatina identificados como VG-1, VG-2, VG-3 e VG-4. As alterações observadas na configuração da cromatina foram caracterizadas como transição de uma cromatina dispersa (VG-1, VG-2) para parcialmente condensada (VG-3) ate atingir um estagio totalmente condensado (VG-4). Os dados analisados da configuração da cromatina mostraram uma diferença significativa entre as fases de anestro e diestro, com maior proporção de VG-1 e VG-2 durante o anestro e de VG-3 e VG-4 durante o diestro. Ha necessidade de novos estudos para uma compreensão adequada da influencia da configuração da cromatina de oócitos no estagio de VG na retomada da meiose e na competência meiótica do oócito.
Show more [+] Less [-]Influência das fases de anestro e diestro sobre a configuração da cromatina em vesícula germinativa de oócitos caninos | Influence of stages anestrous and diestrus in chromatin configuration in germinal vesicle of canine oocytes Full text
2013
Pereira, Leda Maria Costa | Bersano, Paulo Ricardo de Oliveira | Lopes, Maria Denise
Na espécie canina as taxas de maturação oocitária são baixas e a porcentagem de oócitos que permanecem em estagio de vesícula germinativa (VG), independente das condições de cultivo, e alta. Durante a maturação oocitária, a VG sofre modificação e remodelamento da cromatina, que se manifesta por alterações na sua configuração e posicionamento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho e avaliar a configuração e o posicionamento da cromatina de oócitos em estagio de VG durante o anestro e diestro de cadelas. Os ovários de 33 fêmeas (20 cadelas em anestro e 13 em diestro) foram isolados, fatiados e os complexos cumulus-oócitos (COCs) foram submetidos à solução de hialuronidase 0,2% para a liberação das células do cumulus. Apos esse processo, os oócitos selecionados foram corados, avaliados e apenas COCs grau 1 foram utilizados. De um total de 920 oócitos, 566 foram classificados como grau 1 e os estágios de configuração da cromatina identificados como VG-1, VG-2, VG-3 e VG-4. As alterações observadas na configuração da cromatina foram caracterizadas como transição de uma cromatina dispersa (VG-1, VG-2) para parcialmente condensada (VG-3) ate atingir um estagio totalmente condensado (VG-4). Os dados analisados da configuração da cromatina mostraram uma diferença significativa entre as fases de anestro e diestro, com maior proporção de VG-1 e VG-2 durante o anestro e de VG-3 e VG-4 durante o diestro. Ha necessidade de novos estudos para uma compreensão adequada da influencia da configuração da cromatina de oócitos no estagio de VG na retomada da meiose e na competência meiótica do oócito. | In canine specie, oocyte maturation rates are low and the percentage of oocytes that remain in the stage of germinal vesicle (GV) regardless of culture conditions is high. During maturation oocyte undergoes modification and the GV chromatin remodeling manifested by changes in the configuration and positioning. The objective of this work is to evaluate the configuration and positioning of chromatin of oocytes in GV stage during anestrus and diestrus bitches. The ovaries of 33 females (20 bitches in anestrous and 13 in diestrus) were isolated, sliced and only cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) grade 1 were subjected to solution of 0.2% hyaluronidase for release in cumulus cells. After this process, the selected oocytes were stained and evaluated. From a total of 920 oocytes, 566 were classified as grade 1 and the stages of chromatin configuration identified as GV-1, GV-2, GV-3 and GV-4. The observed changes in chromatin configuration been characterized as a transition dispersed chromatin (GV-1, GV-2) for partially condensed (GV-3) until it reaches a fully condensed stage (GV-4). The data analyzed from the chromatin configuration showed a significant difference between the stages with a higher proportion of GV-1 and GV-2 for the anoestrus and GV-3 and GV-4 during diestrus. There is need for further studies to be able to have a proper understanding of the influence of chromatin configuration of oocytes in GV stage in resumption of meiosis and consequently in oocyte meiotic competence.
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