Mastitis caused by Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae has been investigatedand diagnosed. Milk samples carried-out from fifteen local buffalo breeds reared in Basrah, Iraq.Ten clinically healthy local buffalo breeds were considered and controls. Diseased buffalo showsigns of pain, swelling, redness of the udder, watery consistency with the light red color of themilk, with high systemic reactions including significant increase (p<0.05) in body temperature,respiratory and heart rate. Furthermore, a significant (p<0.05) reduction of ruminal contractionsalso resulted. Hematological changes of diseased buffalo and the controls, reveals Leucocytosisdue to a significant increase of Nurtrophiles. All diseased animals are clinically examined andthe results reveals that Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae are the common causes ofmastitis which confirmed by VITEK 2 System. The gram stain from the milk smears show aclear Gram-negative rods, Moreover, swarm forming and pale colony character was alsoindicated of the swab culture of the causative Proteus mirabilis. It has been concluded that acutebuffalo mastitis could be of adverse effect, Nevertheless, the knowledge of the causative agentsof mastitis are very useful for the fast treatment of the disease.

Saltose is one of the biological feed additives used for controlling coccidia and clostridia inthe broiler, this study was aimed to evaluate its use on productivity and profitability in commercialcircumstances.A total of 60 thousand one day old Ross 308 chicks, were divided randomly intotwo groups, each consisting of 6 replicates distributed in 3 Commercial Closed chicken Housesthat belonged to medium size company in Saudi Arabia. Each replicate contains 5,000 bird andeach house contains 4 replicants, 2 replicants of them for each group. In group A, the chicks werefed on a commercial control diet, group B was fed on the same diet enriched with 0.5 gm Saltose/kg feed with two stages. Data were collected weekly during the experimental period for 35 days;broiler performance (feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)),mortality rate, organs weight, dressing and feed cost per kilogram weight gain were estimated.Theresults showed that supplementation of Saltose to broiler diets caused a numerical improvement(P>0.05) in the mortality, broiler performance, organs weight and dressing through 1-21 day and22-35 day, but these improvement effects reached to significant degree (P<0.05) only with bodyweight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), Furthermore adding "Saltose" caused Lowerfeed cost per kilogram weight gain than Control group by 7.25%. It was concluded that the use of"saltose" as feed additives in commercial broiler diets has productive and economic benefits infield circumstances.

Adenoviruses cause different types of human infections including, respiratory,conjunctivitis and gastrointestinal tract infection. Despite it causes infections in bothimmunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, it represents a real threat forthe latter group which makes it necessary to detect the infection, reasons underlyingreactivation and hence the appropriate treatment. The antineoplastic therapies such asetoposide could be a compromising agent that facilitates the spread of opportunisticinfections such as adenovirus. The study aimed to assess adenovirus copy number/cellbefore and after etoposide treatment. The results showed that the etoposide treatmentupregulated the replication of the virus to more than 2 fold as compared to theuntreated samples. The results revealed that the etoposide has the ability to reactivatethe virus when it starts to be latent.

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of monensin, vitamin E and dates palmseeds extract(DPSE) on some parameters of Arabi rams sperm .Twenty rams wereused in this study, randomly distributed in 4 groups, each group contains 5 animals.which treated daily as the following : control (without addition), T1(50 ml of(DPSE)/head), T2 (50 mg vit E / head ) and T3 (200 mg monensin /head).Theexperiment continued for two months. Semen collected weekly by artificial vagina.After collecting the semen the sperm parameters were evaluated in addition tomeasurement the testosterone level and some antioxidative enzymes and oxidativemarker(MDA). The results showed that T1 and T2 exhibited enhancement in semenvolume,sperm concentration, individual motility and testosterone levelswhile MDA levels are reduced and elevation of GPx and SOD as compared to controland T3. It was concluded that DPSE and vit E have advanced effect on spermparameters of Arabi rams.

This study was conducted in the field cattle in Al-Qurna, north of BasraGovernorate, in the period between July 2018 to February 2019 and included thefollowing seasons, the monthly summer season(July and August of 2018), themonthly autumn season (October and November of 2018) and the winter season ismonthly (January and February of 2019) .This experiment was designed to reveal theeffect of the THI value on some physiological and hormonal values on the local maleHolstein. The studied group include 20 calves and with age between (one year to oneyear and eight months), twenty blood samples were collected per month from maleHolstein calves subjected to a different value of temperature and humidity in differentmonths and seasons.The results of the first experiment showed: A significant(P≤0.05)increase in the values of THI, respiratory rate, and heart rate, where asignificant(P≤0.05) increase was noted in months and the summer season except forthe rectal temperature, which showed no significant difference (P˃0.05) amongdifferent seasons. The antioxidants CAT, MDA, SOD, and GPX also showed asignificant increase (P≤0.05) during the summer months and seasons compared to theautumn and winter months and seasons. Also significant increase (P≤0.05) in cortisoland HSP70 during the summer and season months.The levels of testosterone andthyroid hormone (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) decreased significantly (P≤0.05)during summer and season compared to other months and seasons, but the level ofinsulin in the blood showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) during the summer seasonthan the other seasons.

Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the important animals in Iraq becauseof its great economic value and historical symbolism, which reflects the history and thecivilisation epoch of Mesopotamia. This study has focused on the macroscopic lesionsthat appear on the lungs of the water buffaloes with also an examination of thesespecimens microscopically, which reflect the extent of pulmonary disease among theseanimals, which form significant economic losses. This study was conducted in theabattoir of Basrah province, south of Iraq, from October 2019 until February 2020.Samples of 120 affected lungs (23.21%) of different macroscopic lesions were obtainedof the total 517 water buffaloes. The microscopic lesions were divided into the following:bronchopneumonia 29 cases (24.17%) (Suppurative bronchopneumonias 14 cases(48.28% out of 29) and fibrinous bronchopneumonias 15 cases (51.72%). The interstitialpneumonia was 33 cases (27.5%)(Acute Interstitial pneumonia 21 cases (63.64% out of33) and chronic interstitial pneumonia was 12 cases (36.36%), granulomatous pneumonia5 cases (4.17%), emphysema 18 cases (15%), atelectasis 7 cases (5.83%), oedema cases 5(4.17%), congestion 6 cases (5%), haemorrhage 11 cases (9.16%), pneumoconiosis(anthracosis) 6 cases (5%). Pneumonia in water buffalo is the most challenging conditionto treat after it has worsened. Hence, regular veterinary examination and testing is anessential step in managing the disease as it has become unreactive to therapies in the laterstage.

In this study multiplex PCR was used for typing of Clostridium perfringens isolates from soil, clinically healthy and diseased sheep. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 41 out of 100 soil samples, 12 out of 100 clinically healthy sheep and 118 out of 200 sheep with enterotoxaemia signs. Genotyping of 41 isolates from soil indicated that 29 (70.73%) were type A, 3 (7.31%) were type B and 9 (21.95%) were type D. Of 12 isolates from clinically healthy sheep 6 (50%) were type A and 6 (50%) were type D. Of 118 isolates from diseased sheep 42 (35.59%) were type A, 22 (18.64%) were type B and 54 (45.76%) were type D. This result indicates that Clostridium perfringens type A, B and D are the main types causing enterotoxaemia in sheep in Egypt and Clostridium perfringens type A must be included in any vaccine programme to ensure optimum protection.

In this study, 50 vaccinated broiler and one layer flock from Beni-Suef, Fayoum and Minia governorates were investigated. Necropsy lesions were suggestive of LPAI-H9N2 or NDV. Samples of tracheal swabs and organs were subjected for viral isolation and molecular characterization. Specific RT-PCR for the NDV F-gene and the HA gene of the LPAI-H9N2 viruses was used. Virus isolation and primary identification using HI test revealed 37.5 and 43.3-46.2% prevalence for LPAI-H9N2 and NDV viruses, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of the F gene showed that NDV viruses belong to genotype II and VII-1.1. as indicated by the F0 protein proteolytic cleavage site motifs (aa112-117) of the NDV strains F-gene. The vNDV isolates were 98.7-99.3% and 96.6-98.9% identical to each other based on nucleotide and amino acid identities, respectively. Compared to their counterpart isolates; the lentogenic strains shared 98-99.2% and 96.3-98.1% nucleotide and amino acid identities to the LaSota reference strain. The LPAI-H9N2 phylogeny of the HA gene showed that the 2 isolates obtained in this study are related to each other and related to recent 2016-2018 Egyptian H9N2 strains. Notably, the 2 strains showed higher identity (≥99%) to recent Israeli 2018 isolates with several amino acid changes. The current study revealed wide spread of both NDV and LPAI-H9N2 viruses. The vaccine failure and the mismatch between the vaccine and circulating NDV viruses is the most probable cause of current outbreaks. The LPAI-H9N2 viruses are divergent form their ancestral viruses in Egypt indicating continuous circulation and vaccine pressure induced mutations

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ability of estrogen to promote induced tibial fracture healing in a rat model. The study was conducted on 14 albino rats divided into two equal groups (seven rats in each group). The first group considered as a control group. The second group was injected estradiol solution 0.1 mg/kg into the fracture gap. The progress of healing in each group was evaluated by clinical, radiography, ultrasonography and pathological examinations. The healing process was observed to be superior in the estrogen group compared to the control one. Estrogen was found to promote healing of injured bone and is suggested to be used in cases of complicated or delayed bone fracture.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the patterns associated with Lorenz plots (LPs) or Poincaré plots derived from the Holter recordings of dogs with various cardiac rhythms. ANIMALS 77 dogs with 24-hour Holter recordings. PROCEDURES A 1-hour period from the Holter recordings from each of 20 dogs without arrhythmias and from each of 57 dogs with arrhythmias (10 each with supraventricular premature complexes, complex supraventricular ectopy, ventricular premature complexes, complex ventricular ectopy, and atrial fibrillation, and 7 with high-grade second-degree atrioventricular block) were used to generate the LPs. Patterns depicted in the LPs were described. RESULTS Arrhythmia-free Holter recordings yielded LPs with a Y-shaped pattern and variable silent zones. Recordings with single premature complexes yielded LPs with double side and triple side lobes. Complex ectopy was denoted by dots clustered in the lower left corner of the LPs. The LPs of recordings with atrial fibrillation had fan patterns consistent with a nonlinear relationship between atrial electrical impulses and atrioventricular nodal conduction. The recordings with atrioventricular block yielded LPs with island patterns consistent with variable atrioventricular nodal conduction. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Distinct LP patterns were identified for common cardiac rhythms of dogs, supportive of nonrandom mechanisms as the cause of most rhythms. Visual interpretation of an LP generated from a Holter recording may aid in determining the arrhythmia type and understanding the arrhythmia's mechanism in dogs and other species.