This study was conducted to isolate Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) from bovine subclinical mastitis cases and study their effect on chemical composition of milk. A total of 152 milk samples were collected from apparently normal cows from Basrah province, subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 51.97% of tested samples by using California mastitis test (CMT). Staphylococcus aureus and CNS were isolated from 20.25% and 16.45% cases of tested SCM respectively. The affected samples with SCM have high concentrations of fat and protein, the difference from normal samples was statistically highly significant (P ˂0.001) for fat; lactose was lower in affected samples. The pH of affected samples was higher than that of normal, however, pH of samples containing S. aureus was the highest (7.8375) and the difference was statistically significant (P˂ 0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that all isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and vancomycin. However, the resistance to oxacillin and penicillin exhibited by CNS and S. aureus were 76.9%, 84.6%, 62.5% and 68.75% respectively. It have been concluded that, subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococci(in particular S. aureus) which carried resistance to antibioticsused in human medicine represents a big problem.However, the changes caused by S. aureus and other staphylococci in pH and chemical composition of mastitic milk may reduce the shelf life and processing of the products.

The toxic influence of dietary copper(Cu) and cobalt (Co) on the accumulation and body weight examined in broiler chicken. This experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of dietary Cu and Co on chicks body weight and organ, content of the tissues of these two metals was also detected. One day age chicks of Gallus gallus domesticus fed diet supplemented with 500, 1000,1500ppm of Cu, second group exposure to 100,500, 1000ppm of Co in feed daily during 4 weeks. The control groups were fed without supplementation of metals. The concentrations of Cu and Co resulted in increased of Cu and Co content in liver, gizzard and muscle. Body weight of chicks was decreased by Cu and Co high concentration treatments. On the other hand, Liver weigh in chicks was significantly (P

The study was conducted at the animal house of the collage of Veterinary medicine university of Basrah, the objective of this study to know effect ketamine drug as anesthetic agent in rabbits and comparison between several types of general anesthetic systems in rabbits and study the combination with Diazepam and fentanyl , in this study used (32) adult domestic rabbits from both gender , the average of body weight (1000-1900) grams , the rout of administration by intramuscular , were divided equally and randomly into four groups (8) rabbit in each groups .We were studied the induction time, surgical anesthesia time and recovery time also we were studied some physiological parameter (heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature), also we were recorded (Degree of Analgesia, Eyes Reflexes and Degree of Muscle Relaxation).We were recorded data of this parameter before I.M administration at (Zero) minute and after I.M administration depending the following time (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) minute, until response the rabbit to external stimuli.The biochemical test are (ASTand ALT).

The study was designed to describe the morphological and histological characteristics of the adrenal gland in female Duck (Anasplatyrhynchos).Ten adrenal glands was used in the study collected from five adult female ducks.The morphological features of glands were described and histological sections were prepared from each sample. The study revealed that theducks have paired glands located in the abdominal cavity at the anterior end of the kidneys.The shape of right gland is semi-circular while, the left elongated or triangular in shape. The mean weight of right gland of duck about (0.39) gram while, the left was (0.41)gram. The mean values of long axis of left adrenal gland about (15.46) mm and the diameter of right gave mean values about (11.30) mm. The histological sections of the adrenal gland revealed in a division of gland into a subcapsular layer (SZ)-(peripheral zone) and central zone (CZ) or inner zone. The subscapular zone (SZ) consisted of groups of cells immediately below the capsule which forms irregularly arranged cords while, there are two types of cells in central zone of gland, the first type of cells, acidophilic cells and the second type of cells, basophilic cells called chromaffin cells.

The study was intended for identification and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis cases. A total of 143 milk samples were collected from apparently normal cows from Basrah province. California mastitis test was used to detect 81 (56.6%) samples as subclinical mastitis. However, by using bacteriological and biochemical tests 36(44.44%) isolates were confirmed as S. aureus. Antimicrobials susceptibility assays of isolates revealed that, all of them were completely susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamycin and vancomycin. Oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility illustrated that 22(61.1%) isolates were resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and 14 (38.9%) isolates were methicillin susceptible (MSSA). Phenotypic production of slime and biofilm were evaluated by using Congo red agar and microtiter plate techniques, 31 (86.1%) isolates were slime producer and 29 (80.6%) were biofilm producers from all tested isolates. The production of slime and biofilm of MRSA isolates were 95.5% and 90.9%, whereas, for MSSA were 71.4% and 64.3% respectively. The differences in slime and biofilm production among MRSA and MSSA isolates were statistically significant. All MRSA isolates were resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and these isolates showed low resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin each (9.1%) and doxycycline (18.2%). However, these isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, gentamycin, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol. All MSSA isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin and 85.7% of isolates to cefotaxime, however, all isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, oxacillin and vancomycin. The differences in antimicrobial susceptibility between MRSA and MSSA isolates were highly statistically significant. Results of this study indicate that Staphylococcus aureus is the most important agent of bovine subclinical mastitis, isolates which have resistance to methicillin and produce biofilm have propensity to be multiple antibiotic resistant

The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of atropine in case ofcholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors toxicity in chicks subjected to oxidative stress (OS) withhydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 at 0.5 % in drinking water induced OS at age of 7-14days in the chicks when given each day for 14 consecutive days. There was no change inthe acute median lethal dose (LD50) for diazinon (7.9 mg/kg, orally) for both H2O(control) and H2O2 groups. The therapeutic efficacy of atropine was decreased (265 %)when measuring the median effective dose (ED50) for treating the diazinon toxicity inH2O group (2.6 mg/kg, i.m.) and in the H2O2 group (9.5 mg/kg, i.m.). The signs of acutediazinon toxicity were found to increase in H2O2 groups when compared to H2O groupand there is slight decrease in plasma and whole brain ChE activities in H2O2 group whenwhen compared to H2O group. The data revealed a decline in atropine efficacy for treatment diazinon toxicity in chicks that suffered from OS status and it is recommendedhere to increase the dose of atropine in this case.

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A total 180 samples of pellet poultry feed were collected from poultry feed stores and localmarkets .They were cultured on potato dextrose agar(PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) forisolation and identification of Aspergillus flavus.They were Sub-cultured on sabouraud dextroseagar(SDA) .Then the isolates were cultured on coconut agar medium(CAM) . The rapid detectionof 50 selected isolates of contaminated poultry feed samples with A.flavus were achieved by blue–green fluorescence under UV light and by ammonia vapor on CAM medium to determine theaflatoxigenic isolates of A.flavus. The detection by UV light revealed that 26 (52%) of isolateswere aflatoxigenic (positive) by produce blue-green fluorescence under UV light at 356nm , andalso 26 (52%) of isolates were aflatoxigenic (positive) by turned the colony reverse to pink colorby exposure to ammonia vapor.

The present work were conducted on (225) local cattle breeds of both sexes , and ofdifferent ages in Basarh governorate (Basrah –Iraq). Two hundred local cattle breedswere naturally infected with. Mycoplasma wenyonii and (25) clinically normal cattlebreeds served as controls. According to age, diseased animals were divided into fourage groups (50) animals for each. Animals were found clinically infectedwith Mycoplasma wenyonii which diagnosed based on Giemsa stain blood smears andconfirmed with PCR test technique. Diseased cattle show sings of partial or completeloss of appetite ,anemia with pale and / or icteric mucous membranes , decrease milkproduction , rapid and difficult respiration, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes ,rough coat , lethargy , weight loss and edema of lower hind limbs, In addition , bodytemperature ,respiratory rate ,heart rate and capillary refilling time were increasedstatistically , compared with controls ,Furthermore statistically significant decrease(P<0.05) were encountered in ruminal contractions .Results were also indicated that TRBCs, Hb, and PCV values of diseased cattle weresignificantly decrease than controls thereby macrocytic hypochromic type of anemiawas indicated. Results were also shown a significant increase in TLC as a result ofsignificant increase lymphocytes, Mycoplasma wenyonii appear coccoid or rod shape,structures, However it might found individually or in chains on the erythrocyte cellwall, Moreover diagnosis were confirmed by PCR,Since out of (96) blood samples(80) (83.3%) were found positive. Results were also revealed that animals of 2-3years old were highly infected compared with other age groups. Changes of bloodclotting factor indices were also noticed in diseased cattle compared with controls andthe results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean values of total thrombocytes count and Fibrinogen time ,whereas significant increase (P<0.05) weredetected in thrombocytes volume, thrombocytes distribution width, prothrombin time, clotting time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. It have been concluded thatMycoplasma wenyonii infected local cattle breeds of Basrah Governorates and lead tosubstantial effect including decrease milk yield and anemia's ,which might terminatedwith economic losses ,Therefore all cattle reared in this area must be screened.

In the current study a total of (705) slaughtered sheeps and goats wereexamined, divided into (556) sheep and (149) goat which were taken from Basrahslaughter house during the period between June 2016 to January 2017.The total number of infected animals with Haemonchosis were (90) which isdivided into (78) sheep and (12) goats while the total number of isolated wormsfrom the abomasum was (2439) for both sheep and goats with total percentage ofinfection12.76 % which was divided in to (14.02% and 8.05 % ) in sheep andgoats respectively, while the intensity of infection was about (27.1)which dividedinto(27.12and 26.91) in sheep and goats respectively.