Fasciolosis is a disease caused by fluke infestation Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. Usually, these flukes infect ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep and wildlife. Infestation F. gigantica can cause a decrease in the immune response, so that livestock become more susceptible to infection with other microorganisms. The emergence of microorganisms such as bacteria can cause foodborne disease for those who consume liver infestation by F. gigantica. This study aims to see the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the liver of cattle infestation by F. gigantica. Isolation of bacteria present in beef liver was conducted by culturing it on culture media such as blood agar media. Blood agar media can be used to determine pathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic properties of bacteria are seen based on the ability of bacteria to hemolyze blood on blood agar media. Based on the results of the hemolysis test on blood agar media, four colonies were found that were potentially pathogenic, namely alpha hemolysis (isolate S2-A) and beta hemolysis (isolate S1.1-A, S2-B, and S3-A). Furthermore, the results of bacterial identification were based on morphological observations and Gram staining tests as well as biochemical tests and spore staining, isolate S2-A identified as bacteria Staphylococcus sp., while isolates S1.1-A, S2-B, and S3-A were identified as bacteria Bacillus sp. Thus, it can be concluded that in the liver of cattle infestation by F. gigantica, bacteria are found that have the potential to be opportunistic pathogens.

Dadih is a traditional food product that is produced by storing buffalo milk in bamboo tubes and left for 2-3 days. During the process of making Dadih, milk ferments into Dadih in a bamboo tube. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of buffalo Dadih from pH values, acidity degrees, and total bacterial colonies with different storage durations and temperatures. This research used 12 bamboo tubes with two treatments and three repetitions. This research used a laboratory experimental method with a 2x3 factorial pattern. This research showed that the highest room and refrigerator pH values were found in the first week, with an average of 7.13 0.15 and 7.9 0.1. The highest acidity degree values from room temperature and refrigerator were in the third week, with 359.47 16.95 and 254.03 6.34. Another finding was that the highest total bacterial colonies at room temperature and in the refrigerator were in the third week, with 3.33 0.89 and 2.8 0.76. It can be concluded that the buffalo Dadih from Gayo has a pH value and a total value of bacterial colonies that meet SNI standards. Meanwhile, the total titrated acid in Dadih does not yet have an SNI standard.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder and endocrinopathy characterized by hyperglycemia or a persistent increase in blood glucose levels. This case describes a male domestic cat exhibiting symptoms of vomiting, loss of appetite, and yellowish discoloration of the ears and oral mucosa, which was diagnosed with DM and hepatic-biliary disorders based on serum biochemistry and ultrasonographic examinations. The treatment included insulin injections, antibiotics, antiemetics, a liver supplement, and a specialized diabetic diet. After 14 days of insulin injection and a diabetic diet, the cats blood glucose levels returned to normal. A diabetic diet will be provided for the cat throughout its lifetime.

Goats are one type of livestock that has a high socioeconomic value for farmers. Most of the goats owned by farmers in Amplas Village are grazed and penned. Goats that are kept in a semi-intensive way are annually attacked by diarrhoeal diseases compared to goats that are kept intensively. This is thought to be due to the presence of gastrointestinal parasites that attack livestock due to the way they are kept. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of infection and intensity of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in goats reared with semi-intensive and intensive rearing systems. The samples examined were 60 faecal samples which were divided based on the rearing system. The samples were then taken to the laboratory of the veterinary center in Medan. The results of the observations showed haemonchus, trichuris, and capillaria sp. The highest prevalence value in Haemonchus sp. was 100%. The lowest prevalence was in Capillaria sp. with a value of 3.3%. The highest intensity was for Haemonchus sp. parasites with a value of 358 grains/ind. The lowest intensity was for Capillaria sp. parasites with a value of 10 grains/ind.Keywords: parasite, nematode, gastrointestinal, goat

Indonesia has significant potential in the beef and dairy cattle sectors but faces challenges in improving the genetic quality of livestock. Embryo Transfer (ET) is a biotechnological approach that can enhance genetic quality and livestock productivity. This study aims to examine and analyze the factors affecting the success rate of pregnancies in FH dairy cattle as recipients of embryo transfer at Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang. Secondary data from BET Cipelang (2017-2023) were used, including variables such as embryo quality, transfer methods, recipient age, estrus synchronization methods, and embryo donor breeds. The results showed that good embryo quality (24.55%) and fresh transfer methods (35.19%) significantly increased pregnancy success (p 0.05). Synchronization methods using PGF2 and a combination of Progesterone + PGF2 increased the chances of pregnancy by 3.60 and 3.89 times, respectively, compared to natural estrus. Although not statistically significant, recipient age groups of 3-5 years and 6-9 years had higher pregnancy success rates compared to the 10-12 years age group. The donor breed of embryos did not show a significant effect on pregnancy rates. Therefore, this study concludes that good embryo quality and fresh transfer methods significantly increase the pregnancy success rate in FH dairy cattle at BET Cipelang. The factors influencing pregnancy rates include embryo quality, transfer methods, recipient age, estrus synchronization methods, and donor breed, with embryo quality and fresh transfer methods having the greatest impact. To improve pregnancy rates, it is recommended to select high-quality embryos, use fresh transfer methods, and implement effective estrus synchronization protocols, such as PGF2 injection or a combination of Progesterone + PGF2. Further research involving various recipient cattle breeds and genetic and environmental factors is also advised.

Background and Aim: Guinea fowls are known for their low reproductive efficiency under natural mating conditions, which limits their potential for intensive production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of artificial insemination on the reproductive performance of Guinea fowls as a strategy to enhance fertility and hatchability outcomes.Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred and fourteen (114) adult Guinea fowls were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. The first group consisted of Guinea fowls (GFs) naturally mated in a ratio of one (1) male to four females (4) in six replicates. In contrast, the second and third groups consisted of twenty-four (24) Guinea hens, artificially inseminated with 0.03 ml fresh undiluted Guinea cock semen and 0. l ml Guinea cock semen diluted (1:3) with Ringers lactate solution. Semen was collected once weekly from GCs trained for semen collection and used to artificially inseminate Guinea hens by the intra-vaginal method using a graduated 1ml syringe. Eggs were collected from the treatment groups from day two (2) to day seven (7) post-AI, processed, and then incubated. At the end of twenty-eight (28) days of incubation, the number of keets hatched per treatment group was counted. The unhatched eggs were broken open to determine infertile eggs and embryonic mortality.Results: The results from the study show that fertility (%), fertile hatchability (%), and total hatchability (%) were significantly higher in artificially inseminated Guinea fowls than in those naturally mated, while embryonic mortality was similar in all treatment groups.Conclusion: Artificial insemination improved Guinea fowl reproductive performance. It is recommended that artificial insemination be implemented as part of intensive Guinea production

Background and Aim: Malacca leaves are one of the medical plants that can be used in traditional medicine. Malacca leaves contain several active compounds that can be effective in inhibiting fungal growth. This study aims to investigate the inhibition of n-hexane Malacca leaves extract on Microsporum canis growth in vitro.Materials and Methods: The method used in this study is Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion with 5 treatments, namely P1 (25% Malacca leaves n-hexane extract), P2 (50% Malacca leaves n-hexane extract), P3 (75% Malacca leaves n-hexane extract), P4 (control (+): ketoconazole) and P5 (control (-): carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 1%) with 3 replications. The clear zone formed around the disc was measured using a caliper.Results : The results showed that there was no clear zone formed around the disks of the n-hexane extract of Malacca leaves. It can be concluded that the n-hexane extract of Malacca leaves could not inhibit the growth of Microsporum canis.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the n-hexane extract of Malacca leaves, at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, does not exhibit antifungal activity against Microsporum canis in vitro, as evidenced by the absence of inhibition zones. Therefore, n-hexane may not be an effective solvent for extracting antifungal compounds from Malacca leaves against this fungal species.

Background and Aim: The study was conducted in Pabentengang Village, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi 2020.Materials and Methods: The study used a survey method of 25 farmers, using questionnaires and interviews. The research location is agricultural land and the community's main business is agriculture and beef cattle. Primary data and secondary data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively, and economically. The purpose of this paper is to determine the increase in the economic value for farmers through improving beef cattle business.Results: The results showed that the profit of farmers by "paro" or profit sharing was IDR. 4,262,500/farmer/year, and the R/C value was 1.3. The profit of farmers from fattening is IDR. 9,847,000/farmer/period with an R/C value of 1.2. The profit of farmers by producing calves through AI with Limousin semen is IDR. 7,250,000/farmer/year, the R/C value is 1.9. Government support and policies are needed regarding economic feasibility for the welfare of farmers, so that the sustainability of the beef cattle business can be maintained. The strategies that need to be implemented are not only related to the technical aspects of animal husbandry, but also the institutional and communication aspects that are needed in a mutually sustainable manner.Conclusion: Beef cattle business by paro or with profit sharing, producing calves through AI and fattening, is economically feasible to be re-cultivated.