The toxic influence of dietary copper(Cu) and cobalt (Co) on the accumulation and body weight examined in broiler chicken. This experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of dietary Cu and Co on chicks body weight and organ, content of the tissues of these two metals was also detected. One day age chicks of Gallus gallus domesticus fed diet supplemented with 500, 1000,1500ppm of Cu, second group exposure to 100,500, 1000ppm of Co in feed daily during 4 weeks. The control groups were fed without supplementation of metals. The concentrations of Cu and Co resulted in increased of Cu and Co content in liver, gizzard and muscle. Body weight of chicks was decreased by Cu and Co high concentration treatments. On the other hand, Liver weigh in chicks was significantly (P

The present study was carried out to determine the vascularization of long bone in laboratory animal. Fourty healthy guinea pigs have been used and the result showed that, at 10 days old embryo showed newly differentiated blood cells at the future cartilaginous template. At age of 25-35 days only the osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts and osteocytes were seeing. At 43 old embryos the hematopoiesis and vascularization were clearly by formation free blood cells and newly formed blood vessels in the marrow cavity. At 54 old day embryo the hematopoiesis was increased and the differentiation of immature white blood cells was noticed at age of 65 day. At the postnatal periods showed a nutrient artery within marrow cavity.

This study was designed to explore the effect of nitrate ion on induction of diabetesexperimentally in laboratory mice.Fifteen white mice, 7-8 week olds were randomly dividedinto three equal groups. First group was administrated orally o.3 ml of nitrateion(concentration was 0.25gm/10ml D.W) daily for one month. Second group was administratedorally o.3 ml of potassium nitrate (concentration was 0. 5gm/10ml D.W) daily foronemonth. Third group was administrated orally with 0.3 ml of distilled water (D.W) daily forone month.After 30 post administrationthe concentration of blood glucose of infectedanimals treated with nitrate ion increase in both first and second groups when compared withcontrol group.The histopathological change study showed pathological lesions in pancreasof first grouptreated with nitrate ion showed the exocrine region and islets of Langerhans with damageddue to necrosis, while the second group wasinfected with nitrate ion showed the exocrineregion and islets of Langerhans with necrosis and congestion of blood vessel

The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of atropine in case ofcholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors toxicity in chicks subjected to oxidative stress (OS) withhydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 at 0.5 % in drinking water induced OS at age of 7-14days in the chicks when given each day for 14 consecutive days. There was no change inthe acute median lethal dose (LD50) for diazinon (7.9 mg/kg, orally) for both H2O(control) and H2O2 groups. The therapeutic efficacy of atropine was decreased (265 %)when measuring the median effective dose (ED50) for treating the diazinon toxicity inH2O group (2.6 mg/kg, i.m.) and in the H2O2 group (9.5 mg/kg, i.m.). The signs of acutediazinon toxicity were found to increase in H2O2 groups when compared to H2O groupand there is slight decrease in plasma and whole brain ChE activities in H2O2 group whenwhen compared to H2O group. The data revealed a decline in atropine efficacy for treatment diazinon toxicity in chicks that suffered from OS status and it is recommendedhere to increase the dose of atropine in this case.

Streptococcus zooepidemicus is one of the the main causitive opportunisticpathogen of the equine genital system and one of the secondary bacterial diseasethat causes mucosal bacterial infections . In the present study, PCR techniquewas used to detect S. zooepidemicus directly from uterine samples of infectedmares based on specific amplification superoxide dismutase (sodA) gene primersthat were designed by using the partial sequence of S.equi subsp. zooepidemicusstrain 65843 superoxide dismutase (sodA) gene, (GenBank: GU436869.1) andprimer3 plus for PCR primer design. The results showed high prevalencedetection of S. zooepidemicus (76%) positive uterine swab samples (38/50). Thisstudy was concluded that S. zooepidemicus is the one of silant pathogen thatcause metritis in mares. PCR is very fast and specific tool used to detect of S.zooepidemicus.

Caseous lymphadenitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is achronic worldwide disease of sheep and goats resulted in abscess formation insubcutaneous and internal lymph nodes. Indirect immunosorbent assay (ELISA) wereused for detection of anti PLD IgG antibodies of C. pseudotuberculosis in twohundred and five serum samples collected from sheep flocks and from Al-shuallaslaughterhouse in Baghdad. The seropositive percentage was 15.12 of the total seratested. A non-significant of higher positive percentage of CLA was seen in the femalesheep as comparison to male one A higher seropositive percentage was recorded inold age group in comparison to younger one.

The present study was carried out for studying the prevalence of equine herpes virus-1 infection among equines in different Governorates of Egypt. One hundred eighty two equines of different ages, sexes, localities and breeds showing signs of fever, respiratory manifestations, abortions, ataxia, dog sitting position, limb edema, foal depression and death were examined for the isolation of EHV-1 on both embryonated chicken eggs and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell culture, the aborted fetuses were histologically examined for the detection of inclusion bodies. Serum samples were collected to detect immunoglobulin-G specific to EHV-1 by using ELISA. Nasopharyngeal swabs isolated virus and the aborted fetal tissues were tested by PCR using specific primers to prove the infection with EHV-1. The prevalence of EHV-1 infection in the examined animals was recorded as 4.94%. It was prevalent in Cairo, Giza, Kafr Elsheikh, Monofeia, El Sharkia Governorates. The EHV-1 was isolated on the embryo chicken eggs and the pock lesion was appeared on the chorio-allantoic membranes. The cytopathic effects were also observed in tissue cultures. The Liver of aborted fetuses showed necrosis of all hepatic tissue and activation of Kupffer cells with hemosiderin and the detection of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Indirect ELISA could detect IgG in all infected equines (n=9) from which EHV-1 isolated. PCR proved the infection with EHV-1 in the aborted fetal (n=3) tissues and gave similar results by using the horses nasopharyngeal swabs isolated virus where 489 bp PCR products were detected in both. In conclusion, EHV-1 is prevalent in different Governorates in Egypt. EHV-1 infection could be diagnosed by intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the aborted fetal tissues. The indirect ELISA could diagnose EHV-1 infection in all ages and sexes groups. PCR applied on aborted fetal tissues is better for the diagnosis of EHV-1 infection than that based on the horse nasopharyngeal swabs isolated virus due to saving time and money.

Forty samples of crustaceans, 20 shrimp (local, imported, peeled and nonpeeled) and 20 local chilled samples were collected from Beni-Suef markets. Samples were evaluated by physiochemical deteriorative criteria (pH, TVBN) and bacteriological quality including APC at 35°C (mesophils), APC at 7°C (psycrotrophs), coliforms (MPN), fecal coliform (MPN), E. coli (MPN), S.aureus count and isolation and identification of specific pathogens (E. coli, and S. aurerus). All fresh and frozen seafood samples were judged as safe food from the microbiological point of view. The total mesophillic, psychrotrophic and S. aureus of all examined seafood samples lied within the standard permissible limits.

The present study was carried out on 22 cows suffering from ruminal impaction with plastic materials as foreign bodies and ten apparently healthy cows as a control group. Clinical examination included clinical signs, temperature, pulse, respiratory rate and ruminal motility were recorded prior to treatment. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBCs), total leucocytes (WBCs) count and the glutaraldehyde test were performed. Ruminal fluid was evaluated for pH and the methylene blue reduction time (MBRT). The mean pH of rumen fluid, MBRT, total leucocytes count, and PCV were increased significantly (P<0.05). Rumen motility was significantly reduced (P<0.05) preoperative in the animals suffering from rumen impaction, but the mean value of pulse rate, respiration rate, temperature, glutaraldehyde test, haemoglobin and total erythrocyte count were non-significantly changed. On the 5th postoperative day the clinical and the laboratory parameters in the study group had largely become normalized. Six months after the procedure, 18 (81.9%) cows showed complete recovery and 4 (18.9%) animals were slaughtered within 3 months following surgery. This study concluded that the clinical and laboratory findings might be of diagnostic importance. Rumen impaction with plastic materials should be differentiated from anorexia, emaciation, ruminal hypomotility, tympany and dehydration in cows. The surgical removal of foreign body demonstrated positive effects on animal health.

Female genital tracts of six to eight years Baladi cows (n=30) were collected from Belevia abattoir of Beni-Suef province during the period from March 2016 to May 2016 to investigate ovarian abnormalities and uterine changes in cattle based on histopathology. Prevalence rates of granulosa cell tumors were 26.67% and 38.89% in right and left ovaries, respectively. Follicular cysts could be detected in both ovaries with percentages of 50.0% and 44.44%, respectively. The most predominant pathological lesions in ovarian medulla were hyalinosis of blood vessels and mononuclear cell infiltration. The main uterine pathological alterations were endometritis associated with degenerative changes and necrosis in the endometrial linings in most cases (n=25), endometriosis (n=13). Variable degrees of congestion from moderate (n=25) to highly congested (n=5) were elucidated. Perivascular cuffing (n=2) and perivascular fibrosis (n=3) of uterine blood vessels could be detected. Immunohistochemically, granulosa cell tumors were positive to vimentin and negative to inhibin.