The present study evaluates the effect of the extraction of Iraqi Date kernels oil (Sayer), and Malaysian palm oil on some. Haematological parameters during later gestation and lactation periods of female rats. The Iraqi palm kernel oil was collected and extracted using the Soxhlet, and the pure Malaysian kernel oil was purchased from Malaysia. The study was divided into two experiments; the first included 15 pregnant females at gestation days 17-19 divided into a first control group of late pregnancy and a second later pregnant administration with 150μL of IDKO, the third subgroup of later pregnancy administration with 150μL of MPKO. The second experiment, lactating was done on lactated mothers from one day of parturition until weaning day, divided into three subgroups: first control group second group lactated mother administration with groups compared with control groups. The parameters: RBC, Hb, PCV, platelets, and basophils increased significantly, and MCH, MCHC, MCV decreased significantly in IDKO and MPKO groups than control in the first experiment (17-19) GD. WBC count increased significantly in IDKO group than control and MPKO while lymphocytes decreased and neutrophils increased in MKPO group. The result from lactating study report that RBC count Hb, PCV, MCV, and MCH did not change significantly in all groups, while lymphocyte decreased. MCHC AND neutrophil increased IN IDKO and MPKO. In contrast, platelets and eosinophils increased significantly, and WBC s count and monocyte decreased in the IDKO group than control and MPKO group; WBCs and basophils elevated in MPKO more than in the control and IDKO. Conclusion: the administration of IDKO or MPKO supported and maintained hemopoietic tissue in pregnant and lactation states.

Most dairy cows suffered negative energy balance in early lactation that can affect their fertility .Adding fat to the cattle diet are used to increase the diet energy content . In this study level of ketone bodies (acetone and acetoacetate ) , nonestratefied fatty acids( NEFAs) and some individual fatty acids in serum and milk used as biomarkers for negative energy balance and fertility in dairy cows supplemented with two fat types. A comparison of calcium salts of palm oil fatty acid versus MixPromega-3 diet on the level of fatty acids in serum and milk of early lactating Holstein cows was valued and their relation to fertility. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric .The two diets given from day 0 to 30 days postpartum. Samples of blood and milk were collected at 1st,2nd and3rd weeks after calving. Results revealed that the increased serum and milk linoleic and linolineic acid with decreased saturated (palmitic and stearic ) fatty acids and oleic acid are related to improved energy status with decreasing the ketone bodies and nonestratefied fatty acids and enhance the fertility of dairy cattle fed Promixomega-3 when compared with calcium soap fed group . .Level of ketone bodies and nonestratefied fatty acids increased in milk than in serum in the same group. The fertility was enhanced by giving Promix omega -3 diet compared with calcium soap diet.

A severe outbreak of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) was recorded in 30 chicken flocks in different districts in Sharkia governorate during 2019, with high mortalities (up to 30%) and severe immunosuppression. Attempts to control IBD by an antiviral iron oxide chitosan nanocomposite was conducted. Eighty 21-day-old Baladi broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups. Group A; served as the negative control group, group B; was the challenge control group, group C; was the nanocomposite treatment group, and group D; received nanocomposite. The treatment contained 1 mg/ 100ml IC50 of iron oxide chitosan nanocomposite via the oral route administered for 3 days post-infection (PI). Results revealed that the iron oxide chitosan nanocomposite nano-size was 35.1±5nm with a stable state, zeta potentials16.8 ± 10.9, the PDI 0.91 and iron concentration in nanocomposite was 2625 mg/L. The virus shedding showed a significant decrease (P

This case report describes the development of severe esophagitis after an anesthesia event for a shaving procedure in a seven years old male cat. The cat was brought to our animal clinic with a complaint of severe vomiting and appetite loss. It was reported that vomiting has started after the administration of xylazine-ketamine anesthesia for the shaving procedure. In the endoscopic examination, severe esophagitis has been detected. Within two weeks, esophagitis was complicated with megaesophagus and then severe weight loss had been observed. Post-treatment endoscopic examination couldn't be performed because the esophagitis had developed after anesthesia. Regardless of whether a surgical procedure has been performed or the anesthesia has been performed repeatedly or once, post-anesthesia reflux esophagitis should also be suspected in cases of persistent appetite loss or dysphagia and vomiting after anesthesia.

Soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family, is a novel biomarker of mechanical stress that is measurable in serum. It has been shown in humans and animals to be physiologically related to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ventricular dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate sST2 levels in cats with cardiomyopathy. In addition, serum sST2 and other cardiac biomarker levels were compared. Twenty-four client-owned cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) were investigated. The cats included in the study were divided into four groups (I, II, III, and IV) according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) classification. Class B1 cats were included in group I (n=7), class B2 cats were included in group II (n=6), class C cats were included in group III (n=6), and healthy control-group cats in group IV (n=5). Measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sST2 levels, and echocardiographic examinations were performed in all groups, and correlations were investigated. We observed positive correlations among sST2 levels and CK-MB and LA diameter (p=0.05). There was no correlation between sST2, NT-proBNP, Troponin I, Troponin T, AST, and LDH levels. We confirmed positive correlations between NT-proBNP levels and LA diameter (p

Campylobacteriosis is an emerging zoonotic enteric disease that poses a threat to both human health and animal productivity. Poultry is known as the primary reservoir of Campylobacter, and 90% of human Campylobacteriosis is caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. This is complicated by the worldwide emergence of Campylobacter strains that are resistant to commonly used antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter coli isolated from cloacal swabs collected from broilers and layers in Mwanza and Arusha, Tanzania. We collected 402 cloacal swabs from broilers and layers. Then, samples were enriched into Bolton Broth supplemented with 5% laked horse blood. Campylobacter was isolated and confirmed by PCR. Antibiogram was done by disk diffusion method using six antibiotics i.e., ampicillin, nalidixic acid, gentamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Of the 402 samples, 31 (7.71%) were confirmed to be Campylobacter coli by PCR. In Mwanza, the overall prevalence was 6.5% (6% and 7% in broilers and layers, respectively), while in Arusha, the overall prevalence was 8.9% (10.8% and 7% in broilers and layers, respectively). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 80.6%, 16.1%, 9.7%, 9.7%, 6.5%, and 3.2% were resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin, respectively. The rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to at least one antimicrobial was 100%. Eight out of thirty-one (12.9%) isolates were multi-drug-resistant to four different antimicrobial compounds, each with different patterns. Wise use of existing antimicrobials is necessary to curb the increasing trend of AMR strains.

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) creates a serious public health concern due to its ability to colonize and infect humans and animals. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. aureus and MRSA isolated from bovine raw milk in the Njombe region, Tanzania. A total of 470 samples, including 389 raw milk samples collected at farm level, 57 raw milk samples from bulk milk-can at collection centers, and 24 swab samples from bulk milk cans. The samples were cultured on mannitol salt agar, presumptive colonies were sub-cultured onto blood agar for the isolation of S. aureus which was subsequently preliminarily confirmed using microbiological and biochemical tests. Further, confirmation of isolates was done using conventional PCR targeting gltB gene for S. aureus and mecA gene for MRSA which was later sequenced. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by using the disc agar diffusion method. The overall prevalence of S. aureus in the study was 22.6% (106/470), with 2.9% (14/470) being MRSA. Both S. aureus and MRSA showed high resistance to penicillin (74%, 8.5%) and ampicillin (78%, 11.3%), respectively. A total of 81 (77%) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 14 isolates (13.2%) showed multidrug-resistant (MDR); with frequent antibiotic resistance patterns being to cefoxitin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. In conclusion, the prevalence and the MDR patterns exhibited by S. aureus and MRSA observed in this study provide baseline data for planning mitigation measures to safeguard public health.

In the present study, a hepatic mass measured 9×11×5 cm in the right hepatic lobe was detected incidentally in a less than two years old male Somali goat during routine meat inspection at the Central Muscat Municipality Slaughterhouse, Oman. Gross and microscopic examination revealed a hepatocellular adenoma, a rare finding in goats.

Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been gaining acceptance in agriculture applications as alternatives to incandescent light sources. Daylength intensity and spectral wavelength are important in poultry production and also, in some cases, serve as the only mean of light in some facilities. Therefore, Large White turkey hens of the same strain were reared to market weights using two different housing facilities in combination with different LED light treatments. Each treatment within the environmentally controlled facility (ECF) consisted of four replicate rooms, 16 rooms total in the facility. LED bulbs consisted of 5,000 Kelvin (K) or 2,700K LED in conjunction with a high or low foot-candle (FC) intensity level. Daylength was fixed at 14L:10D. Additionally, birds were reared in a natural curtain-sided facility (6 replicate pens) with exposure to natural light with a 75W incandescent bulb to maintain daylength consistency with the ECF. Performance parameters were measured at 0, 5th, 9th, and 12th week (wk) of age. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and right eye measurements were taken at the 5th and 9th wk of age. Feather coverage was assessed at the 9th and 12th wk old as indicators of bird wellbeing. Novelty interactions for visual or nutritional items were recorded at 7th wk old. Spectral output within the same Kelvin temperature was significantly altered during dimming to achieve intensity levels. There were mixed performance results; however, cumulatively, birds reared under LED lighting, regardless of LED type or intensity level, had consistently increased body weight. Bird wellbeing was altered under 5,000K LED in combination with 2 FC as measured by a significant elongation of the anterior-posterior distance. However, the same effect was not measured in the 5,000K, 10 FC treatment, or in the 2,700K treatments, regardless of FC measurement. There were no differences among treatments for T3, feather coverage, or latency to approach or interact with novel items. When LED lights are used in environmentally controlled facilities, coupled with novelty interactions, birds maintained and excelled in performance parameters when compared to birds reared with natural light and ventilation conditions.