The current study was conducted on a total of 204 Egyptian, lactating buffalo cows. These animals were in the second or third parity, of good body condition scores and apparently healthy. The animals were raised in intensive production system on a private farm. The buffalo cows were allotted into three groups, two of these groups were experimental and the third was a control group. The first experimental group included 30 buffalo cows were undergo ovulation control by Crestar® a subcutaneous ear implant ( 3mg norgestamet ) plus Crestar® injection i.m. ( 3mg norgestamet + 5mg estradiol valerate ) at zero day. At the 7th day of implantation, PGF2α was injected i.m., then Crestar® implant was removed at the 9th day with injection of PMSG 400 iu. Timed insemination was conducted 56 hrs later. The second experimental group (24 buffalo cows) was treated by the same program, moreover they injected with GnRH at the time of insemination .The third group (150) buffalo cows was bred naturally and used as a control group. For serum progesterone assay blood samples were collected from the animals of the two experimental groups at day 0, 7 and 9 of the Crestar program. The buffalo cows of the experimental groups were closely observed for estrus signs and were rectally palpated at the time of insemination for detection of the internal estrus changes. At day 50 post insemination all animals were rectally palpated for pregnancy diagnosis. The result of the current study revealed that the visibility of estrus signs were 20 %, 16.7% and 22 % for the first, second and third group respectively. Pregnancy rate was much higher in the second group associated with the injection of GnRH at the time of insemination. Two animals of the second group were carrying twins (11 %). Serum level of progesterone was significantly higher in the 7thday in comparison with those recorded for 0 and 9th day.

This study was carried out on twelve Holstein dairy cows. Five cows were clinically healthy and considered as control; three cows with left displacement of abomasum (LDA) and four cows with right displacement of abomasum (LDA). Diagnosis of DA based on clinical examinations and confirmed by ultrasonography. The Hb, PCV%, total leucocytic count, neutrophils and abomasal fluid pH were significantly increased (P<0.05) in RDA compared to control. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant reductions of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium in LDA and RDA and significant increases (P < 0.05) in glucose and total proteins in RDA compared to the control. Moreover, there were significant increases (P<0.001) in ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, urea and creatinine in LDA and RDA compared to control. In conclusion, abomasal displacement produces alterations in the clinical, hematological and biochemical picture compared to control healthy cow and these alterations may vary according to the type of displacement

The present study was conducted to study the immunomodulatory effect of combined of extract of propionobacterium and E.coli lipopolysaccharide (inmunair 17.5) to enhance the immune response of rabbits to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) vaccine. Forty New Zealand rabbits aged 2 months with average weight 1.5-2 kgs were divided into 4 equal groups. Group (1) was vaccinated with RHDV vaccine and the immunomodulator, group (2) was only vaccinated with RHDV vaccine, group (3) was received the immunomodulator only and the last group was kept as non-vaccinated, no-treated control. The results revealed that three days oral administration of the immunomodulator under test at time of RHDV vaccination had an improving effect on both humoral and cell mediated immune response of rabbits to RHDV vaccine. Results obtained by challenge test come in harmony with serological test

Bovine tuberculosis; caused by Mycobacterium bovis,is a zoonotic diseasecausing approximately 6% of total human deaths. Its economic losses are not only a reduction of 10-20% in milk production and weight, but also infertility and condemnation of meat.Many serological tests are applied for detection of tuberculosis. ELISA test has the highest sensitivity and specificity than the other serological tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Several forms of new technology were brought into the diagnostic approach to mycobacterial infection. The aim of this work was to detect bovine tuberculosis by application of different serological tests. Tuberculin skin test was applied on 2650 cattle, only 63(2.4%) were positive. Forty eight (76.2%) of the slaughtered positive animals showed visible lesions (VL) while the other 15 (23.8%) had non-visible lesions (NVL). The bacteriological examination of the 63 samples revealed isolation ofM. bovis from 47 processed samples (74.6%). The results of the immunoassay test have detected 27 out of the tuberculin positive cattle, while the ELISA has detected 34 out of the positive reactor cattle. It was concluded that immunoassay and ELISA tests act as complementary tests for tuberculin skin test especially in anergic cattle.

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Brucella melitensis Rev.1 and the use of BCG vaccine as immunostimulant by subcutaneous injection in Guinea pigs. Lab. animals were divided into 8 groups: Combined Rev.1 and BCG vaccines injected in the1st group & both vaccines were injected simultaneously in the 2nd group. Three groups sensitized with BCG vaccine then injected with Rev.1 vaccine one week, two week & three weeks intervals respectively. Other two groups were injected with BCG and Rev.1 vaccine individually. The last one was unvaccinated control. All injected animals showed resistance to infection with 16 M strain (90 %, 80 %, 80, 60 %, 70 %, 0 % and 70 % respectively).Thus animals vaccinated with bivalent Rev.1 and BCG vaccines (in one shot) showed the best protective level to infection

The present study aimed to ellucidate the prenatal developmental stages of the submandibular salivary gland of the New-Zealand rabbits. To conduct that, twenty New-Zealand rabbit fetuses ranged from 11 to 30 days-old were used. The head region of fetuses and gland specimens were fixed, processed and stained with histological stains to be examined by light microscope. The submandibular primordia was firstly seen at the 12th day of the prenatal life as bilateral invaginated epithelial buds from the linguo-gingival groove. At 15 days-old , such buds continued deep down growth forming cord-like structure ended by compact bulges that forming the future primitive acini. At 17 days, such cords were branched off forming the future primary ducts. Canalization of the ducts appeared at 18 days. At 22 days, the primitive capsule initiated around the gland and the lobulation was recognized. At 25 days, the capsule became well developed, the duct system was completed and the parenchyma occupied by serous adenomeres surrounded by myoepithelial cells. At the full term, the submandibular gland became fully developed and became typically compound tubulo-acinar nature, the parenchyma showed seromucoidadenomeres. Strong positive PAS reaction was noticed in the striated ducts, while the cytoplasm of the acinar cells reacted weakly

Medicinal herbal feed that used as feed additives are widely applied in livestock production and may be applicable to aquaculture production systems. The present study explores the modulatory effects of incorporation of herbal combination of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa), peppermint (Mentha piperita) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), on African Sharptooth Catfish, Clarias gariepinus. For this purpose, a total of 72 catfish were randomly distributed into 6 groups of 12 fish each and fed on the experimental diets for 45 successive days. Fish of first group were fed on basic diet only while, those of the second one were fed on basic diet supplemented with 0.5% from each medicinal plant while, other 4 groups were subjected to challenge experiment by injection with Vibrio vulnificus. The third group was kept non-injected, fourth group was injected by saline, fifth and sixth groups were injected by Vibrio vulnificus after feeding with basic diet and basic diet with herbs, respectively. Results proved that, total antioxidant capacity, serum total proteins, albumins and globulins were observed to be significantly higher in the treated group as compared to the control. Lymphocytes percent increased significantly in herbal fed group comparing to the control group while, neutrophils percent decreased significantly. Although serum urea level was not affected by herbal supplement, serum creatinine level was decreased significantly. Body weight gain of C. gariepinus increased significantly after herbal administration. Catfish challenged with a Vibrio vulnificus isolate and received the herbal diet showed less mortality than the control group. Fish fed on the herbal diet exhibited normal histological structure of liver, kidney and spleen. In conclusion, based on the current results together with the low cost and the potential antioxidant and immune effects of mixed herbal medicinal plants used in the study, it is recommended to be used in fish feed to diminish the mortalities caused by some aquatic pathogens.

A total number of 140 Egyptian breed donkeys were used in this study. Animals are classified into two groups according to the sex. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups according to their ages. All animals were proved to be health by clinical and laboratory examinations. Two blood samples were collected from each donkey, one with anticoagulant and the other without anticoagulant for obtaining clear non-haemolysed serum. Various tests were conducted to measure the values of some blood contents. It was clear that total RBCs count, hemoglobin content and packed cells volume showed marked decrease with the increase of age. Significant difference in RBCs count between some groups and highly significant difference in Hb and PCV contents between another groups. Gradual elevation in the values of total leucocytes count from one month up to 10 years old was observed. Marked decrease in total WBCs count was reported in animals of both sexes on 10-20 years old. This denotes that Significant and highly significant differences appear in total WBCs count between animal groups. The biochemical parameters revealed highly significant difference in the total protein and albumin in some groups of male animals. Non significant fluctuation was observed in blood serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium regarding the age and sex factors. In conclusion, it was clear that both age and sex factors has a marked influence on some blood contents in Egyptian donkeys.

This work was planned to investigate the bacteria isolated from broiler chickens head suffered from naked eye pathological lesions. Out of 200 examined head lesions, the result revealed that the major pathogens associated with swollen head syndrome (SHS) were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern against 11 different antimicrobials proved that isolates were resistant to most of the tested antimicrobial agents. PCR was applied on 4 MDR E. coli, 4 S. dysgalactiae and 2 P. aeruginosa for detection of some resistance and virulence genes. The results of E. coli isolates revealed that blaTEM gene was the most prevalent in all isolates (100%) followed by tetA (A), aada1, aada2 and aacC genes. Meanwhile tetA (B) gene was found in 3 (75%), while aadB gene was not detected in any isolates. All S. dysgalactiae proved to harbour 16srRNAgene also all S. dysgalactiae were 100% positive for tuf gene followed by speF gene which found in 2 isolate (50%). The results of PCR of P. aeruginosa isolates revealed that toxA gene was the most prevalent gene found in all isolates (100%) followed by lasI. Then, phzM gene was found in one isolate (50%).

Outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) cause severe economic loss to the livestock industries in terms of loss of meat, milk production and the high mortality rateespecially in calves. This study was intended for detection, isolation and molecular characterization of FMDV circulated strain among different regions in Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt during 2015 and 2017. One hundred field samples were collected from clinically diseased cattle and buffaloes including vesicular fluid and sloughed epithelial membrane. Molecular detection and differentiation of FMDV serotypes by RT-PCR showed that (71%) were positive for serotype O indicating its predominance in Beni-Suef, Egypt.Also (18%) were positive for serotype SAT2 and (7%) were un-typed serotype being only positive for universal primer. Twenty samples were isolated on BHK-21 cells clone 13. Three samples showed the characteristic CPE of FMDV after blind passage 4 times. Sequences of VP1 coding-region of the three isolated FMD virus showed that the three isolated viruses were serotype O. The phylogenetic analysis of the isolated viruses reveled that they were closely related to type O of those reported in Ismailia, Behira, Giza and Cairo during 2016 with identity ranged from 97.7% - 99.8%. The most relevant outboard isolate was SUD/8/2008 with 93% identity after Blast homology search. However, the phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the three FMDV type O isolates FMDV/serotype O/Beni-Suef/2017 differs partially from all other Egyptian serotypes of 2016. In conclusion, serotype O was the most prevalent FMDV serotype in Beni-Suef, Egypt.