Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets and farms from different region of Bangladesh. PBS buffer system with trichloracetic acid and diethyl ether based sample extraction was performed. For comparison the standard antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Oxytetracycline (OTC), Amoxicillin (AMOX) and Doxycycline (DOX) were prepared by dissolving in methanol. Samples were pointed on TLC plates transferred to TLC tank containing acetone-methanol (1:1) as mobile phase. Retention factor (Rf) was calculated after observing the chromatograms on UV light at 256 nm. Same Rf value of standard and sample considered similar compound. Results: Liver sample were mostly positive for antibiotics residue followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. The frequency of antibiotic residues was highest in liver followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. Among the antibiotics CIP ranked top in all types of sample. In breast muscle highest antibiotic was CIP (39%) followed by DOX (26%), AMOX (24%), OTC (23%) and lowest was ENR (21%). In thigh muscle, 42, 29, 28, 27 and 24% sample was positive for CIP, OTC, DOX, AMOX and ENR, respectively. Highest number of liver samples were shown positive result for all screened antibiotics (CIP-52%, OTC-46%, DOX-43%, AMOX-42% and ENR-36%). Conclusion: This study ascertained those antibiotics residues are present in chicken muscle and liver which causes serious health hazards to consumers. So proper steps should be taken to control emergence of antibiotic resistance in human being as well as in the environment. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 140-145]

Objective: The present study aimed to produce and analyze antibody against a synthetic amino acid sequence fragment of PIP-HP of Bali cattle saliva. Materials and Methods: The synthetic amino acid sequence of the PIP-HP (VIRELGICPDDWAVIPIKANRF) was developed, conjugated to bovine serum albumin and was used to immunize Indonesian local rabbits. Positive sera that specific against the PIP-HP were pooled and purified sequentially by implying ammonium sulfate precipitation and protein A affinity methods. Purified antibody was then employed to analyze of PIP-HP in the ruminants saliva by means of westernblot assays. Results: A polyclonal antibody specific to asynthetic amino acid sequence fragment of PIP-HP of Bali cattle saliva was successfully produced. Our results show that the antibody potentially to be used to develop an immuno-diagnostic kit. Furthermore, the antibody was also able to inhibit the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cultures significantly (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 182-187]

Traceability methods in livestock sector through the tracking of animal species, breed or even individuals, has become of utmost importance as a vehicle for ensuring consumers food safety. The advent of new technology at DNA level has facilitated the convenience and the accuracy of the implementation of traceability methods. The scope of this review is to highlight the most up to date progress on DNA based approaches concerning the traceability procedures for small ruminant species and/or their products, giving emphasis on short tandem repeats (microsatellites) and single nucleotide polymorphisms. The conclusions of this review may be used either from the farmer or the State and other Organisations in order not only to certify traceability throughout the whole food process chain but to ensure also consumers food safety. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 255-264]

Objectives: We investigated the impact of rice gruel as an alternative energy source of molasses as well as measured the effectiveness of rice gruel on the physiology of the rumen environment and the growth performance of growing lamb. Materials and methods: A number of 18 sheep with an average age of 7 months and mean body weight of 5.9 kg were selected and divided into three groups for 60 days long feeding trial with urea molasses straw (UMS), urea rice gruel straw (URS), and concentrate feed. Every fortnight interval, live weight was recorded and rumen liquor from every group was collected four times before and after feeding at 4-h interval to examine the rumen environment. Results: Color, odor, consistency, and protozoal motility remain unchanged in all three groups. The pH of the rumen liquor was highest at 8 h of post feeding among three groups. The bacterial count (6.1 × 1010) was higher in the group that consuming UMS than URS and concentrate feed. The rumen protozoa also showed a similar growth pattern in proportion to a number of rumen bacteria. At the end of the 60 days feeding trial, no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found among the three groups in contrast to body weight gain. Conclusion: In the current feeding trial, the close similar effectiveness of rice gruel and molasses was found as a fermentable energy source. However, we suggest that rice gruel can be supplemented as a substitute for molasses under the situation when molasses are not available or expensive in field condition. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 432-438]

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the newly arrived pure breed sheep considering antibody against some diseases and immunization of the animal against endemic diseases of hosting area according to species. Materials and methods: A total of 42 pure exotic breed of sheep, originated from Australia namely Parendale (n=14), Suffolk (n=13) and Dorper (n=15), imported by the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) were used in this study. Before shifting the animals to sheep farm, 1-month quarantine was done in an isolated shed by following step by step technique; first week was used for close observation, second week for immunization of animal against endemic diseases, third week for monitoring and observation against immunization, and the fourth week was used for determination of animal health status and immunity level. On day 1 and 2, the sheep remained at full rest along with supplied habituated feed, saline and drinking water. On day 3, fecal sample was collected from all animals to measure parasitic load. On day 4, blood and oculo-nasal discharge samples were collected to detect blood protozoa, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), foot and mouth disease (FMD) and other infectious zoonotic diseases like anthrax, brucellosis and tuberculosis. In the second week, immunization was done against PPR, FMD and hemorrhagic septisemia (HS) at two days interval. Farm biosecurity and biosafety for the workers and officers was maintained according to standard guideline. In the third week, the animals continued to be under close observation. On day 29, the antibody level produced due to vaccination was measured. Results: Parasitic load was found to be very low, and blood protozoa, PPR, FMD, anthrax, brucellosis and tuberculosis were negative. The antibody titer was detected at the acceptable level in sheep on day 29. The quarantine committee decided that the sheep were ready to transfer to the farm along with some recommendations. After completion of 1-month quarantine period, all sheep could not transmit any diseases in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Quarantine is mandatory for entering any new animal in a new area that gives the outline of different new diseases. It also acts as radar of exotic disease in a country. So, this quarantine technique serves the purpose for livestock owners effectively. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 67-72]

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from chicken and quail eggshells and to study the antibiogram of the isolates. Materials and methods: A total of 300 eggs (220 chicken eggs and 80 quail eggs) were collected from different retail shops and farms in Mymensingh district. Swabs taken from the egg surfaces were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar for the isolation of S. aureus. Polymerase chain reaction was conducted for confirmatory identification of the bacterial species targeting nuc gene, followed by confirmation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus by targeting the mecA gene. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolated bacteria was done against commonly used antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus in the chicken eggshell surface was 20.45% and 10.45%, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus in quail eggshell surface was 16.25% and 5%, respectively. Overall, 27 isolates were identified as S. aureus, of which 23 were from the chicken eggshell surface and four from quail eggshell surface. Among the seven isolates tested, overall four (57.14%) were positive for the nuc gene. On the other hand, the mecA gene could be detected in three (50%) S. aureus out of six oxacillin resistant isolates. The antibiogram study indicated that most of the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics under β-lactam group. Conclusion: The present study concludes that chicken and quail egg surface harbor multidrugresistant bacteria which may cause public health hazards, if these antibiotic-resistant bacteria are transferred to a human. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 466-471]

Objective: This study is conducted to assess the seroprevalence and associated risk factors (e.g., age, sex, bio-security practices and management system) of Influenza A virus in swine population of Rangamati and Khagracchari Districts Materials and methods: Prevalence study Influenza A in swine population was conducted over a period of six months Rangamati and Khagracchari Districts between July to December 2013. 180 blood samples were collected from pigs, and the samples were tested for the detection of Influenza antibody using Indirect ELISA method. Results: Total numbers of samples were 180 and numbers of positive cases were 22.Then the overall seroprevalence between the aforesaid districts was found to be 12.22%. Results of the investigation revealed that the seroprevalence of influenza A was 15% in Rangamati district, 10% in Khagraccharidistrict . The highest seroprevalence was found in Rangamati district (15%) and the lowest seroprevalence was (10%) found in Khagracchari district. On the basis of sex, seroprevalence rate of influenza A was found 14.29% in male pigs and 976% in female pigs. Conclusion: The study confirms that influenza virus is circulating in the pig populations of hill tracts area of Bangladesh. Our study had a number of limitations. Veterinarians, researchers and health officials will get new information from this research which will be helpful for developing prevention strategy for combating against this disease. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 204-210]

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the lamb production potentiality in terms of nutrient intake and utilization, growth performances, carcass characteristics and meat quality of three regional native sheep under intensive management condition. Materials and methods: A total of 24 growing lambs having 08 lambs from each group with 4 to 6 months of age were used in this study. 40% urea molasses straw (UMS) and 60% concentrate mixture of the total diet were supplied according to lamb body weight. The total feed was offered at 4.0% live weight on dry matter basis of each animal. The completely randomized design was used in this experiment. Results: The dry matter intake was significantly (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 37-43]

Antimicrobial resistance as a result of emergence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae is a major health problem of human and animal that requires an intensive global attention. The production of beta lactamase enzymes remains as one of the major factors contributing to the development of resistance to beta lactams. These enzymes hydrolyze the beta lactam ring of the antibiotic and render it ineffective. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria have the ability to develop resistance to a number of antibiotics including the carbapenem and other third generation cephalosporins. In addition, the recent emergence and dissemination of the colistin resistance determinants mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3 poses a serious threat to colistin as a drug of last resort in human medicine. In this review, we utilized words such as colistin resistance and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and colistin resistance, colistin resistance and Salmonella as well as detection of mcr-1 genes in Salmonella and E. coli. The extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria under Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to colistin possess the ability to be transferred resistant determinants to other susceptible cells at a higher frequency. In this paper, the role of manure from food animals and how air travel contributes to the dissemination of mcr-1 haboring bacteria, resistance determinants and other metabolites that constitute a public health problem was also reviewed. It is concluded that these pathogens have significant consequences to the control of infection and plays key roles in treatment failure with colistin. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 1-11]

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the preoperative clinical characteristics to predict postoperative neurologic recovery in dogs with intervertebral herniated disk disease (IVDD). Materials and Methods: The dogs were classified according to postoperative neurologic recovery from clinical history of the hospital e-book. Excellent when dogs (n=13) were neurologically normal; good (n=8) when postoperative neurologic grade was improved from preoperative condition had improved sufficiently to require no or minor therapy after discharge; fair (n=4) is considered when postoperative neurologic status was unchanged from preoperative condition and poor (n=5) when major postoperative complication developed as a consequences neurologic grade had worsened at discharge than their preoperative score or the patient died. The evaluated preoperative clinical characteristics in all groups are breed, age, sex, duration of clinical sings appearance (DCSA), preoperative neurologic grading system (PNGS), compression rate (pre and post-operative) in MRI and CT scan, housefield unit (HU), type of IVDD and surgical procedures, and compared with excellent group. Results: no definitive relationship was found between the clinical characteristics and neurologic recovery, except, DCSA and preclinical neurologic pathological condition. The DCSA were 73.54±15.00, 117.63±31.58, 171.25±99.56 and 175.00±94.83 (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 240-246]