Objective: This study was conducted to determine the colony forming units (CFU) to isolate, identify, and antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus from chicken nuggets (CN). Materials and Methods: Sixty CN samples from two brands were collected from different super¬stores in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Uncooked, oven-cooked (OC), or gas stove-cooked (GSC) CN samples were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar and blood agar. Results: The total staphylococcal count (TSC) for uncooked CN ranged from log 4.68 to log 5.11 CFU/gm. For OC CN, TSC ranged from log 3.29 to log 3.62 CFU/gm. For GSC CN, TSC ranged from log 3.09 to log 3.49 CFU/gm. Relative to uncooked CN, microwave oven-cooked and GSC samples significantly reduced the TSC of CN (p < 0.01). Using the polymerase chain reaction assay and standard biochemical testing, only 8 out of 60 CN samples contained S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to Ampicillin (100%), Amoxicillin (100%), Oxacillin (75%), Cefixime (87.5%), Doxycycline (75%), intermediately sensitive to Erythromycin (25%), Cephalexin (12.5%), Ciprofloxacin (25%), Gentamicin (12.5%), Doxycycline (12.5%) and sensitive to Oxacillin (25%), Azithromycin (100%), Erythromycin (75%) Cephalexin (87.5%), Cefixime (12.5%), Chloramphenicol (100%), Ciprofloxacin (75%), Gentamicin (87.5%), Doxycycline (12.5%), and Vancomycin (100%). Conclusion: This study reports the first isolation and identification of S. aureus from CN in Bangladesh. GSC CN was better than OC and uncooked CN. Data also suggest that CN is contami¬nated with multidrug-resistant S. aureus, which poses a public health hazard. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 601-609]

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the colony forming units (CFU) to isolate, identify, and antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus from chicken nuggets (CN). Materials and Methods: Sixty CN samples from two brands were collected from different superstores in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Uncooked, oven-cooked (OC), or gas stove-cooked (GSC) CN samples were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar and blood agar. Results: The total staphylococcal count (TSC) for uncooked CN ranged from log 4.68 to log 5.11 CFU/gm. For OC CN, TSC ranged from log 3.29 to log 3.62 CFU/gm. For GSC CN, TSC ranged from log 3.09 to log 3.49 CFU/gm. Relative to uncooked CN, microwave oven-cooked and GSC samples significantly reduced the TSC of CN(p < 0.01). Using the polymerase chain reaction assay and standard biochemical testing, only 8 out of 60 CN samples contained S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to Ampicillin (100%), Amoxicillin (100%), Oxacillin (75%), Cefixime (87.5%), Doxycycline (75%), intermediately sensitive to Erythromycin (25%), Cephalexin (12.5%), Ciprofloxacin (25%), Gentamicin (12.5%), Doxycycline (12.5%) and sensitive to Oxacillin (25%), Azithromycin (100%), Erythromycin (75%) Cephalexin (87.5%), Cefixime (12.5%), Chloramphenicol (100%), Ciprofloxacin (75%), Gentamicin (87.5%), Doxycycline (12.5%), and Vancomycin (100%). Conclusion: This study reports the first isolation and identification of S. aureus from CN in Bangladesh. GSC CN was better than OC and uncooked CN. Data also suggest that CN is contaminated with multidrug-resistant S. aureus, which poses a public health hazard. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 601–609, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i629

Objective: Melilotus officinalis is a plant that grows naturally in northwestern Morocco and could become a promising alternative. The study was carried out to investigate the effects of M. officinalis hay on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of goat kids in northern Morocco compared to Medicago sativa. Materials and Methods: Eighteen 3-month-old male "Beni Arouss" goat kids have been divided similarly into two groups. The control group (Luc) received lucerne hay, and the test group (YSClov) received yellow sweetclover hay, both supplemented with concentrate. Average daily gain and dry matter intake were determined during the experiment. After 99 days, goat kids were weighed, and carcass characteristics were determined. Meat quality was evaluated using samples from the semimembranosus (SM) and longissimus thoracis muscles. Results: The addition of YSClov significantly increased ash content (p < 0.001) and fat content (p < 0.01), reduced water holding capacity (p < 0.01), and SM pH 24 (p < 0.05). The YSClov meat was significantly more tender than the Luc meat, with corresponding values of 8.20 and 11.80 kg/ cm² (p < 0.05), while the Luc meat was more tender when cooked. No significant effect was found for the other parameters. The YSClov meat is richer in desirable fatty acids (DFA), while the Luc meat appears to be richer in omega-3 DFA(p < 0.01). Conclusion: Melilotus officinalis hay showed promising results in intramuscular fat, protein content, tenderness, DFA content, and similar growth performance compared to conventional feeds. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 617-624]

Objective: Melilotus officinalis is a plant that grows naturally in northwestern Morocco and could become a promising alternative. The study was carried out to investigate the effects of M. officinalis hay on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of goat kids in northern Morocco compared to Medicago sativa. Materials and Methods: Eighteen 3-month-old male “Beni Arouss” goat kids have been divided similarly into two groups. The control group (Luc) received lucerne hay, and the test group (YSClov) received yellow sweetclover hay, both supplemented with concentrate. Average daily gain and dry matter intake were determined during the experiment. After 99 days, goat kids were weighed, and carcass characteristics were determined. Meat quality was evaluated using samples from the semimembranosus (SM) and longissimus thoracis muscles. Results: The addition of YSClov significantly increased ash content (p < 0.001) and fat content (p < 0.01), reduced water holding capacity (p < 0.01), and SM pH 24 (p < 0.05). The YSClov meat was significantly more tender than the Luc meat, with corresponding values of 8.20 and 11.80 kg/ cm² (p < 0.05), while the Luc meat was more tender when cooked. No significant effect was found for the other parameters. The YSClov meat is richer in desirable fatty acids (DFA), while the Luc meat appears to be richer in omega-3 DFA (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Melilotus officinalis hay showed promising results in intramuscular fat, protein content, tenderness, DFA content, and similar growth performance compared to conventional feeds. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 617–624, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i631

Objectives: The study's goal was to determine the impacts of drinking saline water on the biochemical parameters of Murrah buffalo. Materials and methods: Twenty Murrah buffalo of both sexes, ranging in age from 6 months to 11 years, were randomly selected. 10 ml of blood samples were collected from each buffalo and processed to separate serums. The supplied drinking water and feed samples were also collected. Blood parameters–glucose, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, uric acid, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, zinc, potassium, sodium, and chloride–were analyzed. Different clinical manifestations of selected buffalo were also recorded. Results: The buffaloes with skin lesions had higher serum concentrations of AST, creatinine, zinc, sodium, and chloride compared to another group. Significant age effects were found for serum concentrations of glucose (p < 0.05), creatinine (p < 0.01), uric acid (p < 0.001), phosphorus (p < 0.05), and potassium (p < 0.05). No significant age and gender effects were found for AST, ALT, urea, magnesium, calcium, zinc, sodium, and chloride. The serum concentration of creatinine was higher in female buffaloes, whereas the uric acid concentration was lower in female buffaloes compared to males. Conclusion: The blood parameters that were measured and remained within reference ranges show that Murrah buffaloes can adapt to saline water with little to no impairment to their liver and renal functions. The differences in the ages and sexes of the animals within the study groups highlight that mature female buffaloes suffer more from skin disorders and attempt to adjust to exotic conditions by changing the functioning of their liver and kidney. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 736-742]

Objectives: The study’s goal was to determine the impacts of drinking saline water on the biochemical parameters of Murrah buffalo. Materials and methods: Twenty Murrah buffalo of both sexes, ranging in age from 6 months to 11 years, were randomly selected. 10 ml of blood samples were collected from each buffalo and processed to separate serums. The supplied drinking water and feed samples were also collected. Blood parameters–glucose, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, uric acid, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, zinc, potassium, sodium, and chloride–were analyzed. Different clinical manifestations of selected buffalo were also recorded. Results: The buffaloes with skin lesions had higher serum concentrations of AST, creatinine, zinc, sodium, and chloride compared to another group. Significant age effects were found for serum concentrations of glucose (p < 0.05), creatinine (p < 0.01), uric acid (p < 0.001), phosphorus (p < 0.05), and potassium (p < 0.05). No significant age and gender effects were found for AST, ALT, urea, magnesium, calcium, zinc, sodium, and chloride. The serum concentration of creatinine was higher in female buffaloes, whereas the uric acid concentration was lower in female buffaloes compared to males. Conclusion: The blood parameters that were measured and remained within reference ranges show that Murrah buffaloes can adapt to saline water with little to no impairment to their liver and renal functions. The differences in the ages and sexes of the animals within the study groups highlight that mature female buffaloes suffer more from skin disorders and attempt to adjust to exotic conditions by changing the functioning of their liver and kidney.   J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 736–742, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i643

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effect of inoculants of different types and doses on the nutrient quality and in vitro digestibility of fermented rice bran. Materials and Methods: The study was designed using a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3-factorial pattern. The first factor was the type of inoculum, consisting of Saccharomyces cerevi¬siae (SC), Effective Microorganism-4, and Saus Burger Pakan (SBP). The second factor is inoculum doses, which are as follows: levels 2%, 4%, and 6%. The variables measured included chemical composition, fiber fraction content, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Results: The results showed that the type of inoculation treatment and the doses of inoculation did not affect the dry matter (DM) content of fermented bran, and the organic matter content of fermented bran was only affected by the inoculation dose factor (p < 0.05). The highest crude protein and Extract Ether (EE) were obtained in the SBP inoculants, which increased linearly with increasing inoculation doses (p < 0.05). While a significant decrease (p < 0.05) occurred in crude fiber content. The cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral deter¬gent fiber (NDF) fractions were significantly lower in the SBP treatment as the dose increased. The SBP inoculant type produced the highest DMD (p < 0.05) but showed a response that was not different from the SC inoculant treatment for OMD. Increasing inoculation doses of 2%, 4%, and 6% linearly increased the DMD and OMD of fermented bran (p < 0.05). Overall, inoculant application on fermented bran showed an interaction effect except for the components of DM, EE, ADF, NDF, and DMD of fermented bran. Conclusions: It was concluded that the SBP at 6% and their combination resulted in the best chemical quality and digestibility of rice bran. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 625-633]

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effect of inoculants of different types and doses on the nutrient quality and in vitro digestibility of fermented rice bran. Materials and Methods: The study was designed using a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3-factorial pattern. The first factor was the type of inoculum, consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Effective Microorganism-4, and Saus Burger Pakan (SBP). The second factor is inoculum doses, which are as follows: levels 2%, 4%, and 6%. The variables measured included chemical composition, fiber fraction content, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Results: The results showed that the type of inoculation treatment and the doses of inoculation did not affect the dry matter (DM) content of fermented bran, and the organic matter content of fermented bran was only affected by the inoculation dose factor (p < 0.05). The highest crude protein and Extract Ether (EE) were obtained in the SBP inoculants, which increased linearly with increasing inoculation doses (p < 0.05). While a significant decrease (p < 0.05) occurred in crude fiber content. The cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fractions were significantly lower in the SBP treatment as the dose increased. The SBP inoculant type produced the highest DMD (p < 0.05) but showed a response that was not different from the SC inoculant treatment for OMD. Increasing inoculation doses of 2%, 4%, and 6% linearly increased the DMD and OMD of fermented bran (p < 0.05). Overall, inoculant application on fermented bran showed an interaction effect except for the components of DM, EE, ADF, NDF, and DMD of fermented bran. Conclusions: It was concluded that the SBP at 6% and their combination resulted in the best chemical quality and digestibility of rice bran. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 625–633, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i632

Objectives: The study aimed to determine how Nano-Methionine (Nano-Meth) affected growth, lipid metabolism, and relative gene expression for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid syn¬thase (FAS), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1), myo¬statin (MSTN), and cholecystokinin (CCK) genes in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 1) the control group received drinking water without any supplements, and 2) the Nano-Meth group received 10 ml/l of 5% Nano-Meth starting from 1 day old until 35 days old (the end of the experiment). Results: Nano-Meth improved final body weight, weight gains, feed intake, and feed conver¬sion ratio. Compared to the control group, Nano-Meth significantly lowered the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in chickens. Nano-Meth significantly increased the serum levels of total protein, albumin, high-density lipo-protein, and glucose more than the control group. Nano-Meth lowered the mRNA gene expression of ACC, FAS, MSTN, and CCK but increased that of GHR and IGFR-1. Conclusions: We concluded that supplementation with Nano-Meth enhances growth performance and decreases lipid accumulation in broiler chickens. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 743-753]

Objectives: The study aimed to determine how Nano-Methionine (Nano-Meth) affected growth, lipid metabolism, and relative gene expression for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1), myostatin (MSTN), and cholecystokinin (CCK) genes in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 1) the control group received drinking water without any supplements, and 2) the Nano-Meth group received 10 ml/l of 5% Nano-Meth starting from 1 day old until 35 days old (the end of the experiment). Results: Nano-Meth improved final body weight, weight gains, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Compared to the control group, Nano-Meth significantly lowered the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in chickens. Nano-Meth significantly increased the serum levels of total protein, albumin, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose more than the control group. Nano-Meth lowered the mRNA gene expression of ACC, FAS, MSTN, and CCK but increased that of GHR and IGFR-1. Conclusions: We concluded that supplementation with Nano-Meth enhances growth performance and decreases lipid accumulation in broiler chickens. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 743–753, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i644

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the weight and cellularity of abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on four broiler chicks (20 chicks per group) fed commercial feed and water ad libitum. The DEX was supplied with feed at 0 mg/kg (non-DEX), 3 mg/kg (DEX-1), 5 mg/kg (DEX-2), and 7 mg/kg (DEX-3) from day 0 to day 28. The entire abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots were collected and weighed after sacrificing five birds from each group on days 14 and 28. Results: The DEX groups had considerably lower (p < 0.05) fat depot weights with dose-related variation noted among the DEX groups. The histological findings revealed the presence of uniloc¬ular, round to oval-shaped adipocytes. The DEX-1 and DEX-2 had way lower (p < 0.05) numbers of adipocytes while the DEX-3 had considerably higher (p < 0.05) numbers of adipocytes than the non-DEX. DEX-1 and DEX-2 had larger (p < 0.05) adipocytes whereas DEX-3 had smaller adipocytes than the non-DEX. Adipocyte sizes and fat depot weights were found to have very strong negative relationships. Conclusion: Dietary DEX affects the growth and distribution of abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots and adipocyte cellularity subjected to both dose and duration of DEX treatment. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 583-590]

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the weight and cellularity of abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on four broiler chicks (20 chicks per group) fed commercial feed and water ad libitum. The DEX was supplied with feed at 0 mg/kg (non-DEX), 3 mg/kg (DEX-1), 5 mg/kg (DEX-2), and 7 mg/kg (DEX-3) from day 0 to day 28. The entire abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots were collected and weighed after sacrificing five birds from each group on days 14 and 28. Results: The DEX groups had considerably lower (p < 0.05) fat depot weights with dose-related variation noted among the DEX groups. The histological findings revealed the presence of unilocular, round to oval-shaped adipocytes. The DEX-1 and DEX-2 had way lower (p < 0.05) numbers of adipocytes while the DEX-3 had considerably higher (p < 0.05) numbers of adipocytes than the non-DEX. DEX-1 and DEX-2 had larger (p < 0.05) adipocytes whereas DEX-3 had smaller adipocytes than the non-DEX. Adipocyte sizes and fat depot weights were found to have very strong negative relationships. Conclusion: Dietary DEX affects the growth and distribution of abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots and adipocyte cellularity subjected to both dose and duration of DEX treatment. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 583–590, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i627

Objective: To improve the fertilizing ability of frozen buffalo semen using the more beneficial, accurate, and cheap technique of laser irradiation at specific wavelengths and exposure times. Materials and Methods: The red laser source (625 nm) was used in this study with 5 watts output power and for the irradiation of the semen samples for 5 min; the laser focus spot area was 1 cm2. Thirty straws belonging to five buffalo bulls were used in this study. Results: The results show that total motility (%) and progressive motility (%) increased insignifi¬cantly after 5 min of exposure (73.8 ± 1.4 and 60.4 ± 1.1, respectively) compared to the control sample (70.9 ± 0.9 and 57.5 ± 1.7, respectively). All velocity parameters (velocity average path, ve¬locity curved line, and velocity straight line μm/sec) recorded a significant (p < 0.05) increase in samples measured 5 min after exposure (52.3 ± 1.3, 83.5 ± 2.0, and 43.5 ± 1.2, respectively) com¬pared to the untreated ones (47.1 ± 2.0, 76.3 ± 3.1, and 38.6 ± 1.9, respectively). Conclusion: The application of the red laser light on buffalo semen postthawing resulted in a positive correlation with almost every motility parameter; it may be recommended to apply this technique pre-in vitro fertilization for embryo production of buffalo species. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(3.000): 396-404]

Objective: To improve the fertilizing ability of frozen buffalo semen using the more beneficial, accurate, and cheap technique of laser irradiation at specific wavelengths and exposure times. Materials and Methods: The red laser source (625 nm) was used in this study with 5 watts output power and for the irradiation of the semen samples for 5 min; the laser focus spot area was 1 cm2. Thirty straws belonging to five buffalo bulls were used in this study. Results: The results show that total motility (%) and progressive motility (%) increased insignificantly after 5 min of exposure (73.8 ± 1.4 and 60.4 ± 1.1, respectively) compared to the control sample (70.9 ± 0.9 and 57.5 ± 1.7, respectively). All velocity parameters (velocity average path, velocity curved line, and velocity straight line µm/sec) recorded a significant (p < 0.05) increase in samples measured 5 min after exposure (52.3 ± 1.3, 83.5 ± 2.0, and 43.5 ± 1.2, respectively) compared to the untreated ones (47.1 ± 2.0, 76.3 ± 3.1, and 38.6 ± 1.9, respectively). Conclusion: The application of the red laser light on buffalo semen postthawing resulted in a positive correlation with almost every motility parameter; it may be recommended to apply this technique pre-in vitro fertilization for embryo production of buffalo species. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(3): 396–404, September 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i607

Objective: The treatment of syncope depends largely on its possible etiology. Therefore, identifying the cause of syncope is very important in treatment planning. Herein, we report an etiology of syncope caused by pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with canine filariasis, followed by syncope due to bradyarrhythmia 1 year later. Materials and Methods: An 8-year-old male English Cocker Spaniel was referred to our hospital for a second opinion regarding syncope that the dog had started experiencing approximately 2 months prior. Based on the examination findings, we diagnosed that the fainting was due to heartworm disease and associated PH. After increasing the dose of pimobendan (0.50 mg/kg, q12h), the syncope subsided. However, syncope recurred on the 215th day of the first episode. Results: The findings that differed from those during the initial examination were that car¬diac arrest was observed for approximately 5 sec during auscultation, along with sinus arrest. Therefore, to further investigate for syncope, a Holter electrocardiograph was obtained for 3 days. Consequently, sinus arrest was identified as the etiology of the recurrent syncope, and the patient was diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome, Rubenstein classification type II. Following cilostazol (10 mg/kg, q12h) administration, the syncope subsided. Conclusion: This case reports syncope in a dog, which typically occurs due to different etiologies. When a dog has PH, it may be important to think about the possibility of arrhythmias caused by a bigger right heart. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(3.000): 440-446]

Objective: The treatment of syncope depends largely on its possible etiology. Therefore, identifying the cause of syncope is very important in treatment planning. Herein, we report an etiology of syncope caused by pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with canine filariasis, followed by syncope due to bradyarrhythmia 1 year later. Materials and Methods: An 8-year-old male English Cocker Spaniel was referred to our hospital for a second opinion regarding syncope that the dog had started experiencing approximately 2 months prior. Based on the examination findings, we diagnosed that the fainting was due to heartworm disease and associated PH. After increasing the dose of pimobendan (0.50 mg/kg, q12h), the syncope subsided. However, syncope recurred on the 215th day of the first episode. Results: The findings that differed from those during the initial examination were that cardiac arrest was observed for approximately 5 sec during auscultation, along with sinus arrest. Therefore, to further investigate for syncope, a Holter electrocardiograph was obtained for 3 days. Consequently, sinus arrest was identified as the etiology of the recurrent syncope, and the patient was diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome, Rubenstein classification type II. Following cilostazol (10 mg/kg, q12h) administration, the syncope subsided. Conclusion: This case reports syncope in a dog, which typically occurs due to different etiologies. When a dog has PH, it may be important to think about the possibility of arrhythmias caused by a bigger right heart. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(3): 440–446, September 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i612

Objective: This study assessed the impact of fermented Averrhoa bilimbi fruit filtrate (FF) on growth, gut morphology, and meat traits of high-stocked broilers. Materials and Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial trial with stocking densities (9 or 18 birds/m2) and drinking 2% FF or plain water was conducted using 378 14-day-old broiler chicks. On day 35, samples were obtained and analyzed. Results: FF improved feed efficiency and income over the feed cost of high-stocked broilers by about 7.63% and 10%, respectively, compared to high-stocked broilers receiving only water. FF decreased duodenal crypt depth and meat water-holding capacity. Meats from high-stocked broil¬ers receiving FF showed lower cholesterol than other meats. Lower cholesterol/high-density lipo¬protein (HDL) and higher HDL/low-density lipoprotein were found in meats from broilers receiving FF. Total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) was higher in meats of high-stocked broilers receiving FF than others. The UFA/saturated fatty acid was lower in meats of high-stocked broilers receiving plain water. High-stocked broilers given FF had higher meat n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). FF enhanced meat n-6 PUFA levels. The n-3/n-6 PUFA increased with high density and drinking FF. Conclusion: Drinking FF improved gut morphology and meat qualities of broilers housed in high-density pens. FF may be an excellent alternative to improve the growth and meat qualities of broilers raised in high-density houses. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(3.000): 536-545]

Objective: This study assessed the impact of fermented Averrhoa bilimbi fruit filtrate (FF) on growth, gut morphology, and meat traits of high-stocked broilers. Materials and Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial trial with stocking densities (9 or 18 birds/m2) and drinking 2% FF or plain water was conducted using 378 14-day-old broiler chicks. On day 35, samples were obtained and analyzed. Results: FF improved feed efficiency and income over the feed cost of high-stocked broilers by about 7.63% and 10%, respectively, compared to high-stocked broilers receiving only water. FF decreased duodenal crypt depth and meat water-holding capacity. Meats from high-stocked broilers receiving FF showed lower cholesterol than other meats. Lower cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and higher HDL/low-density lipoprotein were found in meats from broilers receiving FF. Total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) was higher in meats of high-stocked broilers receiving FF than others. The UFA/saturated fatty acid was lower in meats of high-stocked broilers receiving plain water. High-stocked broilers given FF had higher meat n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). FF enhanced meat n-6 PUFA levels. The n-3/n-6 PUFA increased with high density and drinking FF. Conclusion: Drinking FF improved gut morphology and meat qualities of broilers housed in high-density pens. FF may be an excellent alternative to improve the growth and meat qualities of broilers raised in high-density houses.    J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(3): 536–545, September 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i623

Objectives: This study was designed to isolate, identify, and determine the prevalence of Aspergilli in commercial chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 lung samples from suspected dead chickens, comprising broilers (n = 32) and layers (n = 18), aged between 5 days and 45 weeks, were collected from poultry farms located in the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. Fungi were primarily identified based on the colony morphology using potato dextrose agar (PDA). DNA was extracted from the suspected colonies. Aspegillus spp. was detected by genus-specific ASAP-1 and ASAP-2. Aspergillus spp. were then screened by polymerase chain reaction targeting Aspergillus flavus (FLA-1 and FLA-2), Aspergillus fumigatus (ASPU and Af3r), and Aspergillus niger (ASPU and Nilr). Results: The overall prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was 44% (n = 22/50; p < 0.05). Among the Aspergilli, A. flavus was detected in 10% (n = 5/50) of the samples. Similarly, A. fumigatus and A. niger were detected at 26% (n = 13/50) and 8% (n = 4/50) respectively. Three samples were associated with more than one fungus; two fungi (A. flavus and A. niger) were in two samples, and three fungi (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger) were in one sample. Conclusion: Isolation and prevalence of Aspergillus spp. in commercial chicken were studied for the first time in Bangladesh. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 184-190]

Objectives: This study was designed to isolate, identify, and determine the prevalence of Aspergilli in commercial chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 lung samples from suspected dead chickens, comprising broilers (n = 32) and layers (n = 18), aged between 5 days and 45 weeks, were collected from poultry farms located in the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. Fungi were primarily identified based on the colony morphology using potato dextrose agar (PDA). DNA was extracted from the suspected colonies. Aspergillus spp. was detected by genus-specific ASAP-1 and ASAP-2. Aspergillus spp. were then screened by polymerase chain reaction targeting Aspergillus flavus (FLA-1 and FLA-2), Aspergillus fumigatus (ASPU and Af3r), and Aspergillus niger (ASPU and Nilr). Results: The overall prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was 44% (n = 22/50; p < 0.05). Among the Aspergilli, A. flavus was detected in 10% (n = 5/50) of the samples. Similarly, A. fumigatus and A. niger were detected at 26% (n = 13/50) and 8% (n = 4/50) respectively. Three samples were associated with more than one fungus; two fungi (A. flavus and A. niger) were in two samples, and three fungi (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger) were in one sample. Conclusion: Isolation and prevalence of Aspergillus spp. in commercial chicken were studied for the first time in Bangladesh. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(2): 184–190, June 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i583

Objectives: This study was designed to isolate, identify, and determine the prevalence of Aspergilli in commercial chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 lung samples from suspected dead chickens, comprising broilers (n = 32) and layers (n = 18), aged between 5 days and 45 weeks, were collected from poultry farms located in the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. Fungi were primarily identified based on the colony morphology using potato dextrose agar (PDA). DNA was extracted from the suspected colonies. Aspegillus spp. was detected by genus-specific ASAP-1 and ASAP-2. Aspergillus spp. were then screened by polymerase chain reaction targeting Aspergillus flavus (FLA-1 and FLA-2), Aspergillus fumigatus (ASPU and Af3r), and Aspergillus niger (ASPU and Nilr). Results: The overall prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was 44% (n = 22/50; p < 0.05). Among the Aspergilli, A. flavus was detected in 10% (n = 5/50) of the samples. Similarly, A. fumigatus and A. niger were detected at 26% (n = 13/50) and 8% (n = 4/50) respectively. Three samples were associated with more than one fungus; two fungi (A. flavus and A. niger) were in two samples, and three fungi (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger) were in one sample. Conclusion: Isolation and prevalence of Aspergillus spp. in commercial chicken were studied for the first time in Bangladesh. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 184-190]