We analyzed the conentes of 12 types of minerals such as calcium in muscle from various species. Thereafter we ovserved changes of the concetrations according to age, part and sex in major domestic animals. The concentraions of calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium and zinc were high respectively whilst the content of cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum and nickel were low respectively in the muscle. The concentration of calcium was high in duck and dog but low in pig and horse. Also high level of sodium content was detected in dog and the content of potassium, iron showed high level in horse compared with the content in other animals. In 6 types of microminerals as cobalt, the level of muscle wer no more than 1 ppm showing very low content in all animal, but 2.99+_0.85ppm of copper in duck was an exceptional case. According to the age some species showed small range of variation centering on macrominerals and there was no remarkable change in microminerals. Distribution of minerals was different according to the part and the variation was very diverse compared with other factors such as age and sex. Additionally, the content of mnerals in muscle was higher in female than in male chicken and duck. In conclusion, the difference of the content of minerals according to the species was mainly focused on macrominerals.

From July of 1997 to June of 1998, total 279 raw milk samples over wkthdarwal period after mastitis treatment from dairy farms located in the provinces of Kyonggi and Choongchung were collected to test drug residues. Each sample was tested by TTC-II test and Delvotest SP. Among the total 152 raw milk samples of cow treated by beta-lactams, 32 samples(21.2%) were positive on the Delvotest and 15 samples(9.9%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. Also, from the total 37 samples treated by sulfonamides, 5 samples(13.5%) were positive on the Delvotest and 3 samples(8.1%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. For the total 55 raw milk samples of cow treated by tetracyclines, 9 samples(16.4%) were positive on the Delvotest and 5 samples(9.1%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. In addition, from the total 35 samples treated by aminoglycosides, 7 samples(20.0%) were positive on the Delvotest and 5 samples(14.3%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. Our study shows that it is possible that drugs are to be detected by the drug residues test of and individual raw milk even over the withdrawal period after mastitis treatment and the raw milk of bulk tank.

The purpose of this study was to establish a rapid, reliable diagnostic method detecting Encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV) RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of EMCV naturally infected pigs by cDNA probe of EMC K3, the EMCV strain isolated from Korea. Using a biotin-labelled nick translated probe for the cDNA marker. We made up for some defects of radiolabeled method. In situ hybridization(ISH) technique, differently from theother nucleic acid hybridization methods, is able to detect the virus genome specifically in the state of the intact shapes of cells and/or tissues. We succeeded in performing the experiment to detect the EMCV within 1~2 hours usign the MicroProbeTM capaillary action system. In this study, we ovserved highly specific positive sighals of red color by staining the paraffinembedded tissue sections of naturally EMCV-infected pig organs or tissues, including brain, heart, kidney and lacrimal gland with the Fast Red TR salt/Naphtol phosphate chromogen. The results suggested that this ISH method is considered as a highly sensitive and reliable tool for molecular biologic diagnosis of the EMC viral disease.

This study was conducted to detect the toxoplasma-specific DNA in peripheral blood collected from cats experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) and from domiciled cats by B1 gene-base polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sensitivity of oligonucleotide primer, T-1 & T-2, designed from toxoplasma B1 gene amplification method was compared with parasite detection by mouse inoculation(MI). And also, latex agglutination test(LAT) and indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) were conducted to detect the fluctuation of serum antibodies compared with the detection of toxoplasma by PCR and MI. Toxoplasma B1 gene PCR was shown consistently high sensitivity and the results obtained by PCR agreed completely with those from MI. All blood samples collected before infection with T gondii gave negative results by PCR and MI. Also, toxoplasma B1 gene PCR was not cross reaction with Neospora caninum DNA and normal cat leucocyte as cnotrols. The toxoplasma-specific DNA was detected by PCR in blood of 5 cats experimentally infected with T gondii 6 days after infection and the detection of this specific-DNA was long lastedin blood for 64 days after infeciton. The detection of toxoplasma-specific DNA by PCR could be identified as few as 10 tachyzoites and the isolation of T gondii by MI could be isolated as few as 1 tachyzoite from tenfold serial dilution of T gondii with normal cat blood, respectively. In healthy domiciled cats, the toxoplasma-specific DNA and the parasite were detected and isolated in blood from 3 of 56(5.3%) cats by both PCR and MI, respectively. In the results of antibody test from the total 56 heads of healthy domiciled cats, the positive rates are 15(26.7%) by LAT and 19(33.9%) by IFAT. These results suggest that PCR detection of toxoplasma can be applied as a sensitive and specific diagnostic and research tool.

The contents of histidine dipeptides, a metabolic products of muscle protein, were investigated to compare muscle composition among the 9 domestic animals including cattle. In major domestic animal, analyzed the effects of age, part and sex of the animals on their muscle composition. Large amounts of carnosine(68.63+_17.41 micro mol/g) were detected in cattle and it was higher than other animals. Wheres the content of anserine showed high level in order of turkey, chickens and duck. The ratio of carnosine and anserine(C/A ratio) was different depending on the animal species. Statistical data indicated that difference among species was significant(p0.05). The contents of histidine dipeptides in hearted muscle by boiling for 40 minutes at 110 degrees centigrade was similar to those of raw muscle. C/A ration in heated muscle was not different from that of raw muscle, indicating that no change has been made after heating process. The contents of camosine and anserine were different according to the parts of their muscle. Especially chuck of the mammalian showed extremely low level of histidine dipeptides compared with other parts, while C/A ratio maintained certain level regardless of age, part, sex. Therefore, based on the content of histidine depeptides, could be found the difference of muscle composition among the species. Also C/A ratio of horse, pig, cattle, duck, sheep nd turkey were characteristic respectively.

The insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) is an important metabolic factor involved in cell growth and metabolism. Although secretion of IGF-I in rat liver is regulated by growth hormone, the effects of forskolin, adenylate cyclase activator, on secretion of IGF-I have not been reported. Therefore, a modified perfused rat liver model was used to investigate the regulatory effects of forskolin on IGF-I secretion in this experiment. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Modified perfused rat liver model was not changed to aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) secretion in time. 2. The IGF-I secretion in hepatic cell was increased by forskolin(10-5, 10-6 and 10-7M) in a dose-dependent manner as compared with those of the controls, and significantly increased by 10-5 and 10-6M forskolin(p0.05). 3. Secretion of glucose in hepatic cell significantly was decreased by 10-5M forskolin as compared with those of controls(p0.05). These results suggest that forskolin may be involved in the regulation of IGF-I secretion in the perfused rat liver.

The purposes of this study were to set up the method of the natural killer(NK) cell activity assay using the flow cytometer and to examine the characteristics and distribution of the NK cell during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Forty five male 6 week-old specific pathogen free(SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was the non-treated control and given normal diet and water. Group II was treated with diethylnitrosamine(DEN, 200mg/kg, i.p.) and partial hepatectomy. Group III was treated with DEN, partial hepatectomy and 0.05% phenobarbital sodium in water from 3 to 16 weeks. All animals were examined the morphology of the large granular lymphocyte(LGL), the LGL percent of the total lymphocytes and the LGL conjugation rate with YAC-1 cell in peripheral blood, spleen and liver. Moreover, activity of the LGL isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using the flow cytometer. As results, LGL were observed in the peripheral blood, spleen and liver. LGL were observed the relatively faintly staining basophilic cytoplasm with granules, and eccentric, often kidney-shpaed nuclei in Giemsa stain. Its size was 11~13 micro meter. LGL percentage of the isolated lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen and liver were 1.8~2.3%, 1.3~1.4% and 0.87~0.99%, respectively. LGL conjugation rate with YAC-1 cell was shown to be peripheral blood(9.3~10.3%) spleen(7.7%~8.7%)liver(5.6~7.0%). The activity of the LGL isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes in Group I, II and III was 33.7%, 30.5% and 35.4%, respectively. However, all values were not sighificantly between groups.

This study was carried out to compare the distribution pattern of the bombesin immunoreactive neurons of the hypothalamic nucleus in the rat and Mongolian gerbil. The bombesin immunoreactive neurons in the rat were located in the dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, but in the Mongolian gerbil inthe compact part of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. From this results, we could get an evidence that there were some differences in the distrbution of peptidebetween rat and Mongolian gerbil.

The effect of isoprothiolane(di-isopropyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate) aganist fat necrosis in Hanwoo(Korean Cattle) sire was evaluated. The 10 heads of Hanwoo sire suffering from fat necrosis were given 50mg/kg body weight of isoprothiolane(0.2g/kg of Fujix, Japan) orally once a day for 8weeks. In 30% of these, the size of thenecrotic fat masses had decreased significantly 7 months after the adminstration. Isoprothiolane did not affect on live body weight and semen characteristics. However the sire affected with fat necrosis had higher MCHC(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) than normal sire inhematologic values 10 weeks after administration. Number of RBC(red blood cell) and PCV(packed cell volume) 10 weeks after administration had been increased than those before administration(p0.05). The serum concentrations of creatinine, triglyceride, and total cholesterol 10 weeks after administration were higher than those before administration while the concentration of glucose was vice versa. the isoprothiolane may reduce the oxidation of glucose, increase the glucose transfer to lipids, and increase blood supply to necrotic masses. These results indicate that isoprothiolane may be useful as the therapeutic agent against fat necrosis.