Pourpose. Establish compliance of heat and moisture resources to biological requirements of sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus), reveal criteria for assessing weather conditions in the northern regions of Ukraine; establish links between temperature, precipitation and yield. Methods. Field and mathematical methods were used. Field multifactorial experiment was conducted during 2016–2018 in the Left Bank of Ukraine, on the border of two soil and climatic zones of Ukraine - Forest-Steppe and Polissya. Peculiarities of plant growth and development, formation of "hybrids" yield (factor A) were studied: 'Ukrainskyi F1', 'P63LL06', 'NK Brio', 'NK Ferti' depending on "plant density" (factor B): 50, 55 , 60, 65 thousand pieces/hectare. We calculated and analyzed the sums of active, effective temperatures for two biological minima - 5 and 10 ° C; the sum of thermal units according to the method of Brown and Bootsma, 1993; coefficients of materiality of elements deviations of the agrometeorological mode of the current year from long-term averages; plasticity and yield stability according to the method of Eberthart S.A., Russel W.Q. (1966). Results. To pass the full cycle of sunflower plants development, the sum of active temperatures (t = 10 °C) for hybrid 'Ukrainskyi F1' – 2354.6; P63LL06 – 2306.4; 'NK Brio' – 2401.3; 'NK Ferti' – 2379.7; and the sum of effective temperatures for 'Ukrainskyi F1'- 1081.5; 'P63LL06' – 1056.9; 'NK Brio' – 1104.9; 'NK Ferti' – 1109.1 is required. The sum of temperatures, both at a biological minimum temperature 10 °C and 5 °C, meet biological needs of sunflower plants and is not a limiting factor for this crop growing. The sum of thermal units for the period April–October is 3780 on average for three years. During the period of active sunflower vegetation (April–August) the sum of thermal units is 2868–3258, significantly exceeding the sum of active and effective temperatures at biologically active temperatures 5 °С and 10 °С. The most determined limits of changes in active, effective temperatures and thermal units were observed in May – September. Conclusions. Plasticity and stability of sunflower yield more depending on hybrid and plants density than on conditions of the year. Yield stability coefficient for hybrid 'Ukrainskyi F1' was 1.68 - 2.30; 'P63LL06'- 2.51 - 3.14; 'NK Brio'- 3.15 - 4.63; 'NK Ferti' - 2.70 - 3.75 for yields, respectively: 2.16 - 3.11; 2.58 - 3.52; 3.20 - 4.12; 2.70 - 3.79 t/ha.

Мета. Проаналізувати практику найменувань основних видів і підвидів пшениці. Результати. Сучасні системи роду Triticum базуються на різних морфологічних та генетичних критеріях, і нараховують від 7(10) до 27 видів. В Україні культивують види (підвиди): пшениця літня (T. aestivum), пшениця кулястозерна (T. aestivum subsp. sphaerococcum; T. sphaerococcum), пшениця щільна (T. aestivum subsp. compactum; T. compactum), пшениця спельта (T. aestivum subsp. spelta; T. spelta), пшениця однозерна (T. monococcum L.), пшениця тверда (T. durum; T. turgidum subsp. durum), пшениця картлійська (T. carthlicum; T. turgidum subsp. carthlicum, T. persicum), пшениця польська (T. polonicum, T. turgidum subsp. polonicum) та пшениця двозернянка (T. turgidum subsp. dicoccon) або пшениця фаро (T. farrum, T. dicoccon, T. dicoccum). Поряд із системою ботанічних назв існує агробіологічна, що базується на назвах культур, але є менш упорядкованою. Через це один і той же таксон може мати понад десяток назв, що застосовують різні автори в агрономії. Водночас, правильний переклад видової назви T. aestivum – пшениця літня трапляється лише в одному джерелі з чотирнадцяти проаналізованих. Переклад латинських триноміналів підвидового рівня українськими біноміналами згладжує розбіжності між морфологічними і генетичними системами роду Triticum. У науковому стилі української мови домінує прямий порядок слів за якого прикметник передує іменнику, за виключенням наукових видових назв рослин. Це дозволяє легко розрізняти назви, що належать до різних терміносистем. «Тверда пшениця» є назвою культури в агробіологічній номенклатурі, а «пшениця тверда» це видова назва в ботанічній номенклатурі. Висновки. Унаслідок опрацювання етимології упорядковано українські наукові назви основних таксонів пшениці, які відповідають оригінальним латинським назвам. У неорганізованій агробіологічній системі назв сільськогосподарських рослин використовують суміш ботанічних назв таксонів та назв культур, які інколи тією чи іншою мірою збігаються. Назви культур та назви таксонів різняться між собою, відповідно, прямим та зворотнім порядком слів. Помилкове чи неусвідомлене заміщення одних назв іншими та нехтування правилами української мови призводить до небажаної плутанини. Її можна подолати дотриманням норм літературної української мови та Правил номенклатури, таксономії та культономії рослин.

Purpose. To determine the level of productivity of sunflower hybrids, their stability and plasticity for cultivation in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field experiment was performed in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2016–2018. The peculiarities of plant growth and development, formation of yield of hybrids ‘Ukrainskyi F1’ (k), ‘P64LL125’, ‘P63LE10’, ‘P64F50’, ‘P64F66’, ‘P63LL06’, ‘NK Konti’ (k), ‘NK Brio’, ‘P64LE99’, ‘Laskala’, ‘Kupava’. Yield plasticity was calculated and analyzed by the Ebergard – Russell method. Results. Over the years of research, the average yield of sunflower hybrids in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine varied from 2.71 to 4.04 t/ha. The lowest yield was shown by the ‘Ukrainskyi F1’ hybrid – 2.42–3.05 t/ha, the highest ‘Laskala’ – 3.79–4.26 t/ha. It was determined that in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, there is no absolute predominance of medium-ripe hybrids in terms of yield. Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis of yield plasticity of sunflower hybrids, it was determined that the group of samples with high yield plasticity includes ‘Ukrainskyi F1’, ‘P64F50’, ‘P64F66’, ‘NK Konti’, ‘NK Brio’, ‘P64LE99’, ‘Lascala’ and ‘Kupava’. They respond to the improvement of the level of agricultural technology and provide the maximum yield only under the conditions of optimal factors. Hybrids ‘P64LL125’, ‘P63LE10’ and ‘P63LL06’ are more stable in response to changes in growing conditions without reductions in yield. As for the shares of the influence of the studied factors, the yield of the hybrid ‘Ukrainskyi F1’ was most influenced by the conditions of the year, ‘NK Brio’ – the sowing rate. For the ‘NK Ferti’ hybrid, the conditions of the year and the sowing rate are equally important.

Purpose. To study the features of the productivity formation of broccoli hybrids depending on the methods of application of “5 element” nanofertilizer in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. With the introduction of “5 element” nanofertilizer, the head diameter of the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid increased from 16.6 (var. 2) to 18.3 cm (var. 8), while in the control this indicator was 15.9 cm. The biggest head diameter in the hybrid ‘Orantes F1’ 18.9 and 18.7 cm was noted with foliar feeding with “5 element” nanofertilizer in the phase of 4–6 leaves + beginning of head formation + 10–12 days after the beginning of head formation and in the phase of the beginning of head formation + 10–12 days after the beginning of head formation. Accordingly, in the aforementioned variants, the head mass was 901 and 863 g, which is higher than the control (without treatment) by 166 and 128 g, or 22.3 and 17.4%.The highest yield of the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid was obtained in 8 and 7 variants of the experiment – 33.5 and 31.9 t/ha, respectively, the yield increase was 5.2 and 3.6 t/ha, or 18.4 and 12.7%. In the hybrid ‘Orantes F1’ the highest yield (37.1 t/ha) was recorded when applying the “5 element” nanofertilizer in the 8th variant of the experiment, which is 6.6 t/ha higher than the control, or 21.6%. Compared to the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid, the yield in this variant of the ‘Orantes F1’ hybrid was 3.6 t/ha, or 9.7%. The diameter and weight of the head, as well as the yield of the hybrid ‘Orantes F1’ were larger compared to the hybrid ‘Batavia F1’, due to its biological characteristics. A strong correlation (r = 0.97 and 0.96) was revealed between the yield and the diameter of the broccoli head in the ‘Batavia F1’ and ‘Orantes F1’ hybrids. The quality indicators of broccoli (dry matter, sum of sugars and vitamin C) in the ‘Orantes F1’ hybrid were higher compared to the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid. A tendency towards a decrease in the concentration of nitrates in the heads of broccoli with an increase in the number of treatments with nanofertilizer “5 element” was revealed. The concentration of nitrates in the ‘Orantes F1’ hybrid was lower in all variants of the experiment in comparison with the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid. The concentration of nitrates in the heads of broccoli in all variants of the experiment did not exceed TLV (400 mg/kg wet weight). Conclusions. With an increase in the number of foliar treatments with “5 element” nanofertilizer, the yield increased and the quality of broccoli hybrids improved. It was revealed that the yield of the ‘Orantes F1’ hybrid in all variants of the experiment was higher in comparison with the ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid. When applying nanofertilizer “5 element” in three stages – foliar feeding in the phase of 4–6 leaves + beginning of head formation + 10–12 days after the beginning of head formation – we got the highest yield of broccoli in the hybrid ‘Orantes F1’ – 37.1 t/ha, an increase over the control variant (without fertilizers) was 6.6 t/ha, or 21.6%. The ‘Batavia F1’ hybrid had a yield of 33.5 t/ha, an increase over the control variant – 5.2 t/ha, or 18.4%.

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of leaf area formation and a structure of lentils variety ‘Antonina’ yield depending on the elements of cultivation technology: ino culation with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and the use of foliar growth stimulants. Methods. Field, laboratory. The experimental scheme included inoculation of seeds with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (Ryzogumin), application of phosphate-solubili zing microorganisms (Polimixobacteryn and Biophosphoryn) into the row zone, and foliar feeding with a growth stimulator (Alga 600). Results. The results of studies of the leaf area formation peculiarities and the structure of lentils yield depending on the influence of cultivation technology elements are given in the article. It was found that the maximum indicators of the leaf area were formed by lentils in the flowering phase, which on average in the experiment was at the level of 37.5 thousand m2/ha, and in the control variant – only 32.0 thousand m2/ha. By inoculating the seeds with Rhyzogumin, applying phosphate-solubilizing biopreparation and foliar feeding, we obtained the maximum parameters of the leaf surface of lentil plants in the experiment. Thus, in the variant of inoculation with Rhyzogumin, application of Biophosphoryn and treatment with Alga 600 lentil plants formed a leaf area of 40.3 thousand m2/ha. However, due to the use of the phosphate-solubilizing biopreparation Polimixobacteryn and Alga 600 on the background of seeds inoculation with Rhyzogumin, the leaf area was formed at the level of 39.9 thousand m2/ha. Conclusions. When the seeds were treated with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (Rhyzogumin) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Polimixobacteryn and Biophosphoryn), the yield of lentils increased significantly. Thus, in the experimental plots in the variants with Ryzogumin + Polimixobacteryn the yield was – 1.64 t/ha, and in the combination Ryzogumin + Polimixobacteryn + growth stimulator Alga 600 the yield of lentils was – 1.90 t/ha. Seed inoculation had a positive effect on plant height. The best results were obtained when the seeds were treated with Ryzogumin in combination with Biophosphorin and Polimixobacteryn – 44.5 and 44.1 cm, respectively.

Purpose. To reveal features of formation of productivity of modern sugar beet hybrids of domestic selection. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. Studies show that the lowest yields of sugar beets were obtained in 2016, 2017 and 2019. Moreover, the conditions of the unstable humidification zone of the Right-Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were mainly characterized by unstable precipitation, a decrease in their amount, as well as increased average daily air temperatures. Therefore, the selection of high-yielding hybrids of sugar beets to obtain a high level of productivity is relevant. As evidenced by the data comparing the yield of sugar beet root crops on the test site, they significantly exceeded the average indicators for Kiev region by 10.7–20.0 t/ha, and only in arid 2016 the difference was minimal – 4.6 t/ha. The high stability of the trait “sugar content in root crops” is inherent not only in hybrids with low parameters of its manifestation, but is largely determined by the genetic characteristics of the hybrid. Three clusters were identified based on the reaction of hybrids to growing conditions. The first cluster included triploid hybrids: ‘Zluka’, ‘Oleksandriia, ‘Olzhych’, ‘Kvarta’ and ‘Konstanta’, the second one – the triploid hybrid ‘BTs ChS 57’ and diploid ‘Vesto’, the third cluster - the triploid hybrid ‘Sofiia’ and diploid ‘Ukrainskyi ChS 72’. Conclusions. Proper selection of high-yielding hybrids resistant to adverse growing conditions in the zone of unstable moisture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is extremely important, because the biological characteristics of hybrids affect 45% of the amount of sugar harvest, but the growing season by 33% and the interaction of factors was 17%. It was found that despite the difficult weather conditions, the highest yields were formed by hybrids: ‘Anichka’ – 70.1 t/ha, ‘Ramzes’ – 70.5 t/ha, ‘Romul’ – 73.0 t/ha and ‘BTs ChS 57’ – 73.4 t/ha. But the maximum sugar content in root crops was in hybrids: ‘Ukrainskyi ChS 72’ – 17.3%, ‘Zluka’ – 17.3% and ‘Sofiia’ – 17.7%. Accordingly, the maximum sugar harvest was provided by hybrids: ‘BTs ChS 57’ – 12.1 t/ha and ‘Romul’ – 12.2 t/ha.

Purpose. Evaluate the introduced samples of soft winter wheat from the international nursery Common Bunt-Resistant Nursery (CBUNT-RES) of different ecological and geographical origin in the southern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine according to a set of productivity indicators in order to define the most valuable samples and describe them. Methods. During 2016–2019 on the base of Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production of the V. Ya. Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS the authors studied, evaluated and described 75 new soft winter wheat samples of various eco-geographical origins by productivity traits. In the field and laboratory conditions, indicators of yield and productivi­ty were determined: 1000 grains weight, plant height and ear length, the number of spikelets and grains in the ear, weight of ear and grain and early-ripening. Results. Plant material with increased parameters of economic and biological characters was identified. During studies, it was found that ‘F08347G8’, ‘F00628G34-1’ (Romania), ‘91-142A61/KATIA1//GRISET-4’, ‘SAULESKU#44/TR810200//GRISET-4’, ‘ATTILA/BABAX//PASTOR/4/…’ (IU067591) (Turkey), ‘INTENSIVNAYA//PBW343*2/TUKURU’, ‘SANZAR-8/KKTS’ (Mexico) were the high-yielding varieties. The samples of soft winter wheat as ‘F08347G8’, ‘F00628G34-1’ (Romania), ‘INTENSIVNAYA//PBW343*2/…’ (IU067637) (Mexico), ‘ATAY/GALVEZ87/6/TAST/…’ (IU067587), ‘DE9/MERCAN-2’, ‘KRASNODAR/FRTL/6…’ (IU067595), ‘SAULESKU#44/TR810200//GRISET-4’, ‘GANSU-1/3/AUSGS50AT34/…’ (IU067598), ‘ORKINOS-1*2/3/AUS…’ (IU067608), ‘KAMBARA1/ZANDER-17’ , ‘TAM200/KAUZ/4/CHAM6//…’ (IU067612) (Turkey) contained a large grain weight (more than 5.0 g), plant productivity in these samples was rather high due to increased amount of grains and the thousand kernel weight. Conclusions. The introduced soft winter wheat samples of various eco-geographical origins were adapted to the Southern Forest-Steppe and can be recommended as a source material in breeding to increasing productive capacity.

Мета. Визначити оптимальні строки відбору експлантів, підібрати стерилізуючі агенти та режими стерилізації, а також поживне середовище для введення в культуру in vitro нових перспективних сортів вишні (Prunus cerasus L.) та черешні (Prunus avium L.). Методи. У процесі роботи застосовано методику клонального мікророзмноження рослин і статистичні обробки експериментальних даних. Результати. Встановлено оптимальний строк відбору експлантів, тривалість експозиції при стерилізації, оптимальний склад поживного середовища на першому етапі мікроклонального розмноження. Для визначення оптимального режиму стерилізації та стерилізуючого препарату використовували 0,1% розчин хлориду ртуті та 3% розчин препарату «Лізоформін 3000» з експозицією стерилізації 5, 6 та 7 хвилин. Найбільший вихід стерильних експлантів як для вишні сорту ‘Ксенія’, так і для черешні сорту ‘Василиса прекрасна’ отримали при експозиції стерилізації 7 хв для обох стерилізуючих агентів. При використанні 0,1% розчину хлориду ртуті цей показник був вищий, ніж при стерилізації 3% розчином препарату «Лізоформін 3000» – 71 і 99% відповідно. Висновки. На ефективність стерилізації та  введення в культуру in vitro експлантів вишні ‘Ксенія’ і черешні ‘Василиса прекрасна’ впливали тривалість стерилізації, час відбору експлантів, фітосанітарний стан маточної рослини, склад поживного середовища. 0,1% розчин хлориду ртуті при експозиції 7 хв був найефективнішим при отриманні асептичної культури з експлантів, вилучених з донорних рослин у стані спокою при пророщуванні бруньок у контрольованих умовах. Використання препарату «Лізоформін 3000» в концентрації 3% впродовж 6–7 хв при стерилізації експлантів досліджуваних культур сприяло їхній кращій приживлюваності на середовищі. Оптимальним за складом поживним середовищем для культивування експлантів вишні ‘Ксенія’ було середовище з додаванням соку алое, а для черешні ‘Василиса прекрасна’ – MS + флороглюцинол. Найвищу ефективність стерилізації (99% у сорту ‘Василиса прекрасна’ та 71% у сорту ‘Ксенія’) отримали за використання 0,1% HgCl2  в експозиції 7 хв. При використанні препарату «Лізоформін 3000» за такої ж експозиції стерилізації цей показник становив 83 та 52% відповідно до культури. Виходячи з цього можна рекомендувати використовувати препарат «Лізоформін 3000» у 3% концентрації з експозицією 7 хв для стерилізації кісточкових культур

Purpose. Development of scientific and applied foundations for the introduction, selection and use of plants of the species of the genus Physalis L. to ensure food security in Ukraine. Methods. Subject of study – plants of the genus Physalis. The study was conducted in 2014–2018. on the introduction plots of the department of cultural flora of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine (NBG). The work used general scientific and special methods: field, introduction, biological and morphological; laboratory (chemical, biochemical), statistical (methods of analysis of variance and statistical estimation of average data using Microsoft Excel (2010). Results. The features of ontomorphogenesis were established, the biological and morphological parameters of plants of the species of the genus Physalis L. were investigated under conditions of introduction in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Ukraine. It was found that the content of dry matter in plant fruits varied from 10 to 18.34%, sugars – from 39.34 to 67.97%, tannins – 1.57 to 3.35% and carotene – from 0.200 to 0.583%, ascorbic acid – from 123.91 to 284.95 mg/100 g, depending on the species, varietal and shape characteristics. Conclusions. It was found that the introduced plant species of the genus Physalis in conditions of culture have four age periods and 10 developmental states: seeds (se), sprouts (p), juvenile (j), immature (im), virginal (v), generative (g), subsenilny (ss) and senile (se). Ph. ixocarpa ‘Likhtaryk’ of the NBG selection was distinguished among the studied introduced species in terms of biological and morphological parameters and biochemical composition. The obtained data can be used for further research and determining the prospects for the introduction of these introduced species into a wide culture

Purpose. Provide bioinformatic analysis and comparison of target regions of the acetolactate synthase (als) gene in several members of the Poaceae family and, on the basis of the obtained data, explore the possibility of creating a unified genetic construct for als gene editing using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Methods. The als gene sequences of various members of the Poaceae family were obtained from the NCBI: Nucleotide database. For comparison, a fragment of the imi-2 gene of wheat of the soft line ‘TealIMI11A’ was used in two regions of the 367–390 and 1729–1749 nucleotide sequences. The Sequence Viewer 3.37.0 tool was used to assess the presence of nucleotide substitutions in the working sequence of the imi-2 gene. The dendrogram was built using the “Blast Tree” tool from the NCBI: Blast: Nucleotide resource. Results. A comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of seven different species was carried out: soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), common wild oat (Avena fatua L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), aleppo grass (Sorghum halepense Pers.) and Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii Coss.). The dendrogram is based on the gene sequence als, showed that all studied genotypes can be divided into two blocks: the first block included maize and aleppo grass, and the second block, a separate branch includes Asian rice and common wild oat, barley, soft wheat and Tausch’s goatgrass. 367–390 nucleotide sequences of soft wheat showed the highest 100% homology to Asian rice, Tausch’s goatgrass and common wild oat. The lowest homo­logy was for maize and aleppo grass at 83.3%. Evaluation of the nucleotide sequence 1729–1749 showed no complete homology at the 100% level. It was the highest for barley and Tausch’s goatgrass – 95.2%, and the lowest for rice, maize and aleppo grass – 80.9% each. Conclusions. The analysis confirms a significant degree of homology of the als gene sequence for various species of the Poaceae family, which allows us to create a universal genetic vector. However, taking into account the high degree of sequence homology for species such as soft wheat, Tausch’s goatgrass, barley, Asian rice and common wild oat, it can be assumed that the corresponding genetic vector can be used with the greatest efficiency to alter the als gene of these genotypes.