The article analyzes range of problems related to the erection and development of vertical financial equalizing on the background of processes that have triggered after Ukraine acquired its sovereignty. The basic stages and trends of the development are detected for the vertical financial equalizing in Ukraine, which essentially corresponded to the changes in arrangement of inter-budget relations. It is proved that the currently available trends in the development of inter-budget relations in Ukraine have been associated with the stages of vertical financial equalizing in Ukraine. The current system for financial vertical equalization in Ukraine is self-contradictory and slows down social and economical development of the country. Taking this into account the proposals were established as regards the main approaches to further reforming of the system of vertical financial equalization in Ukraine in terms of its shifting to the market economy, setting budget laws of the country in conformity to the legislation on the structure of executive power and local governments, as well as other acts of law determining their functions.

The article analyzes range of problems related to the erection and development of vertical financial equalizing on the background of processes that have triggered after Ukraine acquired its sovereignty. The basic stages and trends of the development are detected for the vertical financial equalizing in Ukraine, which essentially corresponded to the changes in arrangement of inter-budget relations. It is proved that the currently available trends in the development of inter-budget relations in Ukraine have been associated with the stages of vertical financial equalizing in Ukraine. The current system for financial vertical equalization in Ukraine is self-contradictory and slows down social and economical development of the country. Taking this into account the proposals were established as regards the main approaches to further reforming of the system of vertical financial equalization in Ukraine in terms of its shifting to the market economy, setting budget laws of the country in conformity to the legislation on the structure of executive power and local governments, as well as other acts of law determining their functions.

The article presents summary of studying the efficiency of dry carrot production when growing in the conditions of Ukraine’s Forest-Steppe subject to a variety. A complex assessment has been completed for fresh and dried products of 10 different varieties and hybrids of carrots on the content of basic biochemical, economic and biological indicators in order to highlight the best suited for drying. Varieties have been singled out, which roots display the highest yield, best marketability, accumulate the most of dry matter, sugars, etc. A close direct correlation between the weight of roots and their marketability has been established. An evaluation of the tested roots for complex organoleptic characteristics has been completed. It is proved that carrot drying is profitable. The yield and dry matter content in roots are key influence factors on profitability of dry carrot production. By the set of parameters under studying varieties most suitable for drying, Krasniy Velikan and Dlinnaia Krasnaia, have been selected. Profitability of their drying exceeds 40%.

The article presents summary of studying the efficiency of dry carrot production when growing in the conditions of Ukraine’s Forest-Steppe subject to a variety. A complex assessment has been completed for fresh and dried products of 10 different varieties and hybrids of carrots on the content of basic biochemical, economic and biological indicators in order to highlight the best suited for drying. Varieties have been singled out, which roots display the highest yield, best marketability, accumulate the most of dry matter, sugars, etc. A close direct correlation between the weight of roots and their marketability has been established. An evaluation of the tested roots for complex organoleptic characteristics has been completed. It is proved that carrot drying is profitable. The yield and dry matter content in roots are key influence factors on profitability of dry carrot production. By the set of parameters under studying varieties most suitable for drying, Krasniy Velikan and Dlinnaia Krasnaia, have been selected. Profitability of their drying exceeds 40%.

Evaluation of the genetic component values considered to be the important part of the selection process on creating hybrids of sugar beet and The aim of the study is to determine tetraploid pollinators combining ability Bilotserkovskoy breeding on yield and sugar content and the genetic determination of the productivity elements and their phenotypic manifestations in first generation hybrids of sugar beet. The methods of test crossing on the type top cross of pollen sterile lines of Uuladivsky and Ivanovsky origin and stabilized ployidnistyu tetraploid pollinators of beet sugar Belotserkovskoy selection on yielding of sugar beet tetraploid pollinators of Bilotserkovskoy breeding have been applied. A key role belongs to non additive gene effects in gene structure of characteristics variability yielding has been determined.The part of additive gene action pollinators is predominant in genetic control of top cross hybrids sugar content. The 16 hybrid combinations are differentiated by their parental components combining ability. Pollinators of 1007 (the yield) and 1013 (for the sugar content) have been characterized by their valuable additive gene complexes. Perspective hybrid combinations for their further breeding study are revealed, genetic determination of productivity elements and sugar yield is defined Analysis of gene interactions in sugar beet hybrids confirms the theory of genetic balance MV Turbine

ABSTRACT The fungi of the order Onygenales can cause important human infections; however, their taxonomy and worldwide occurrence is still little known. We have studied and identified a representative number of clinical fungi belonging to that order from a reference laboratory in the USA. A total of 22 strains isolated from respiratory tract (40%) and human skin and nails (27.2%) showed a malbranchea-like morphology. Six genera were phenotypically and molecularly identified, i.e. Auxarthron/Malbranchea (68.2%), Arachnomyces (9.1%), Spiromastigoides (9.1%), and Currahmyces (4.5%), and two newly proposed genera (4.5% each). Based on the results of the phylogenetic study, we synonymized Auxarthron with Malbranchea, and erected two new genera: Pseudoarthropsis and Pseudomalbranchea. New species proposed are: Arachnomyces bostrychodes, A. graciliformis, Currahmyces sparsispora, Malbranchea gymnoascoides, M. multiseptata, M. stricta, Pseudoarthropsis crassispora, Pseudomalbranchea gemmata, and Spiromastigoides geomycoides, along with a new combination for Malbranchea gypsea. The echinocandins showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity against the studied isolates, followed by terbinafine and posaconazole; in contrast, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were less active or lacked in vitro activity against these fungi.

The article reveals developments of national resources of cutting lettuce of Lactuca sativa var. secalina L. varie­ties and methods for new varieties development involving breeding forms of Oakleaf group. Exotic forms of common knowledge varieties of Oakleaf group of salad were researched, newly developed Dublianskiy variety was applied for the official research and technical examination of plant varieties with the view of the variety official listing, as well as the rights thereof. Description of morphological description of characteristics was applied that would enable identifying new variety during the examination for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Summary of the studying value for cultivation and use of Dublianskiy variety (yield, maturity group, taste properties, tasting score, disease resistance) which is provided, which establishes working algorithm for cutting lettuce variety in various ecological gradients of its cultivation.

The article reveals developments of national resources of cutting lettuce of Lactuca sativa var. secalina L. varie­ties and methods for new varieties development involving breeding forms of Oakleaf group. Exotic forms of common knowledge varieties of Oakleaf group of salad were researched, newly developed Dublianskiy variety was applied for the official research and technical examination of plant varieties with the view of the variety official listing, as well as the rights thereof. Description of morphological description of characteristics was applied that would enable identifying new variety during the examination for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Summary of the studying value for cultivation and use of Dublianskiy variety (yield, maturity group, taste properties, tasting score, disease resistance) which is provided, which establishes working algorithm for cutting lettuce variety in various ecological gradients of its cultivation.

The article highlights the results of studying hybrid combinations of common onion to the Botrytis allii Munn pathogen. It is found out that as for the combinations being studied the resistance to pathogen was inherited as dominant, intermediate or recessive trait. Better resistance to neck rot was inherent in the hybrid combinations which parents comprised resistant and immune varieties, insofar as the determination of inheritance coefficient has indicated F1 hybrids have this characteristic expression dependant by 50 to 78% on the parental plant (h2 =0,50–0,78). Studying the determination of the impact of both parental components on inheritance of the resistance to B. allii pathogen showed that the regression coefficient subject to hybrid combination fell within R = 0,12–0,39, while the resistance coefficient within 0,24–0,78, respectively. Efficiency of selection is proved by the trait of resistance to neck rot based on the populations of Grandina х Mavka, Olina х Grandina, Grandina х Skvyrska і Skvyrska х Grandina, as their respective inheritance coefficient reached the level of 0,42 to 0,78.

The study of vernalization requierement of winter bread wheat 87 modem varieties from Ukraine and Russia showed significant domination - 81.6% - of varieties with short vernalization requierement (30-40 days). Vernalization requierement differences among varieties from different climatic zones were revealed.

The article features the results of research on phenological observations, biometric parameters of growth and development of the plants of sugar sorghum Silosnoe 42 variety during the vegetation at different terms of sowing and seeding depth in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In particular, we show data on ground germination capacity of the seeds, the duration of the interphase periods, tillering, plant height and the diameter of the stem. It was established that the planting of sugar sorghum in mid-May (the third sowing date) to the seeding depth of 4...6 cm enabled better plant development, as well as in these conditions the maximum values of plant growth and development were registered compared to the other test editions. Therefore, were would suggest the third term of sowing and seed depth 4...6 cm for growing the crop in this area.

The article features the results of research on phenological observations, biometric parameters of growth and development of the plants of sugar sorghum Silosnoe 42 variety during the vegetation at different terms of sowing and seeding depth in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In particular, we show data on ground germination capacity of the seeds, the duration of the interphase periods, tillering, plant height and the diameter of the stem. It was established that the planting of sugar sorghum in mid-May (the third sowing date) to the seeding depth of 4...6 cm enabled better plant development, as well as in these conditions the maximum values of plant growth and development were registered compared to the other test editions. Therefore, were would suggest the third term of sowing and seed depth 4...6 cm for growing the crop in this area.

The article provides research results of the correlation analysis on Savoy Cabbage and Red Cabbage varieties and hybrids as recommended for cultivation in steppe of Ukraine, looking for increased production and diversification of vegetable crops, improvement of their quality. Direct and inverse correlations of quantitative features have been completed. The best standards are selected for Savoy Cabbage: Dafni F1 in early-ripening hybrid, Chifteyn Savoy variety in middle-ripening group, Vertyu 1340 in middle-late group, and there is Saga F1 RS hybrid late-ripening group. There is strong cross-correlation dependence registered for Red Cabbage was in Olena variety among a group middle-ripening group, Gako 741 variety in middle-ripening group, Kalibos, Dauerrot, in the group of middle-late varieties, and Milana, Langendeyker, Langendeyker red, Granat, Pozdnyaya Krasavisa, Maxilla and Autoro F1 and Fuego hybrids of F1 in late-ripening group.

The article provides research results of the correlation analysis on Savoy Cabbage and Red Cabbage varieties and hybrids as recommended for cultivation in steppe of Ukraine, looking for increased production and diversification of vegetable crops, improvement of their quality. Direct and inverse correlations of quantitative features have been completed. The best standards are selected for Savoy Cabbage: Dafni F1 in early-ripening hybrid, Chifteyn Savoy variety in middle-ripening group, Vertyu 1340 in middle-late group, and there is Saga F1 RS hybrid late-ripening group. There is strong cross-correlation dependence registered for Red Cabbage was in Olena variety among a group middle-ripening group, Gako 741 variety in middle-ripening group, Kalibos, Dauerrot, in the group of middle-late varieties, and Milana, Langendeyker, Langendeyker red, Granat, Pozdnyaya Krasavisa, Maxilla and Autoro F1 and Fuego hybrids of F1 in late-ripening group.