Purpose. To develop a tobacco variety model with optimal inflorescence traits such as size and shape that will allow to increase seed productivity of the crop. Methods. Statistical and mathematical (correlative, regressive) ones. Results. Basic collection consisting of 282 variety samples registered in the National Genetics Center was evaluated, optimal parameters of inflorescence were defined that can provide a high seed yield. During statistical analysis, correlation matrix was developed with the purpose to highlight traits that correlate with inflorescence productivity. According to the results of correlation analysis, a strong relationship between the width and height of inflorescence (r = 0,773±0,038) was established. Somewhat weaker correlation was observed when modeling regressive relation between inflorescence height and width, where regression showed the medium relationship. Regression equation of these traits is as follows: y = 0,5585x + 8,4649. Inflorescence density (r = 0,646), height (r = 0,556) and width (r = 0,527) also had quite a high positive effect on seed productivity. The results of regression analysis pointed to the fact that there were a linear relationship between inflorescence size and seed productivity. Conclusions. Among 282 samples of basic tobacco collection, 29 varieties with high seed productivity was defined which can be used in the breeding process, and ‘Sobolchskyi 15/21’, ‘Ergo 23’, ‘C-11’, ‘Sygarnyi 99’ varieties were selected for large-scale implementation into the production of raw material of cigar type.

Мета. Створити новий пізньостиглий високопродуктивний сорт льону-довгунця з високою якістю волокна. Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, інструментально-технологічний, статистичний. Результати. За результатами досліджень визначено основні морфологічні, господарські та технологічні ознаки нового пізньостиглого сорту льону-довгунця ‘Есмань’. Встановлено, що цей сорт характеризується високими показниками врожайності соломи (5,9–6,1 т/га), насіння (0,78–0,86 т/га), всього волокна (1,61–1,74 т/га), в т. ч. довгого (1,05 т/га). Значний вміст усього волокна (27,9–30,7%) успішно поєднується з високою його якістю. Має високу стійкість проти вилягання, осипання насіння та середню стійкість проти антракнозу й фузаріозу. За результатами Державного сортовипробування у 2016 році сорт льону-довгунця ‘Есмань’ внесено до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні. Висновки. Сорт льону-довгунця ‘Есмань’ поєднує високу врожайність соломи, насіння, волокна з високою якістю останнього та стійкістю проти вилягання і хвороб. Рекомендовано для вирощування в усіх льоносіючих регіонах України. Впровадження пізньостиглого високоврожайного сорту льону-довгунця ‘Есмань’ дасть можливість одержувати високі врожаї льонопродукції та сприя­тиме підвищенню ефективності вітчизняного льонарства.

Purpose. To obtain Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack and Miscanthus sinensis Andersson in vitro culture by indirect morphogenesis. Methods. Biotechnological procedures, mathematical and statistical analyses. Results. Composition of nutrient medium was developed intended for induction of callusogenesis from Miscanthus seeds with a poor germination and viability of seedlings – Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was modified for the amount of macroelements (half-dose) that was supplemented with amino acids (300 mg/l of glutamic acid, 50 mg/l of aspartic acid, 5 mg/l of tyrosine, 3 mg/l of arginine, 2 mg/l of hydroxyproline) and plant growth regulators [2,5 mg/l of 2.4D (2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), 0,6 mg/l of BAP (6-Benzyl-aminopurine) and 0,3 mg/l of ABA (Abscisic acid)]. Composition of nutrient medium was developed for regeneration of microplants from callus – agar MS medium was modified for the amount of macroelements (half-dose) supplemented with vitamins: 10 mg/l of thiaminum, 1,0 mg/l of pyridoxine, 1,0 mg/l of nicotinic acid (by White), 1,0 mg/l of ascorbic acid, 250 mg/l of glutamic acid, 2,0 mg/l of BAP, 0,3 mg/l of NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid). On this medium, 100% regeneration of M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack and 50% regeneration of M. sinensis Andersson was obtained. Due to media modification aimed at initiating callusogenesis and microplants regeneration, reproduction factor of M. sinensis was increased 20 times at the average, M. sacchariflorus – 35–40 times. Conclusions. Plants of M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack and M. sinensis Andersson were obtained in vitro culture by initiation of callusogenes and microplants regeneration from the Miscanthus seeds with poor germination and viability on nutrient media of certain composition.

Purpose. To create and study genotypes of the secondary triticale of the hexaploid level for their effective use in further breeding and plant growing. Methods. Field study, laboratory analyses, intraspecific hybridization with subsequent individual selection. Results. New genotypes of the secon­dary triticale of the hexaploid level have been created and characterized for economic characters and agroecological traits and properties. Series of short-stem winter triticale was represented by ‘Pshenychne’, ‘Chaian’ to be adapted to the conditions of both intensive and organic farming. They are characterized by high drought resistance and winter hardiness, resistance to lodging, grain shedding, grain germination in the spike and spike fragility as well as by immunity to fungal diseases providing a high level of yield and technological quality of grain. The following new constant forms of triticale as ‘ПС_1-12’, ‘ПС_2-12’, ‘ПС_3-12’, that have an average height of the stem and belong to the Polissia-Forest-Steppe and Forest-Steppe ecotypes, demonstrated high productivity and adaptability in organic farming, particularly in case of the use of biologized elements of agrotechnology. Conclusions. For the creation a new parent material during breeding of hexaploid triticale, the method of intraspecific hybridization is desirable with the use of parent material to be contrasting for eco-geographical origin and adapted local forms, followed by individual selection of genotypes with the desired characteristics and properties in cleavable hybrid populations. New genotypes of the secondary triticale have been created and characterized for breeding, genetic and agroecological traits and properties. In breeding practice, it is advisable to use a whole new approach of agroecological and genetic certification of genotypes for the effective solution of a number of theoretical and practical tasks facing modern ecological and adaptive breeding. New parent material of the secondary winter triticale and scientific support for its cultivation is proposed for further breeding and plant growing.

Purpose. To investigate the varietal characteristics of the hemp plants for improving the quality indices of the soil they grow in, determine the amount of inorganic elements in the soil, level of their accumulation in plant stalkі and seeds. Methods. Field and spectrometric methods were basic. The results were processed using conventional methods in agriculture, crop growing and statistics. Variants of the experiment were as follows: varieties ‘Hliana’, ‘Hlesiia’: 1) soils; 2) stalks; 3) seeds. Schemes of experiments included: a) technical maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; b) tech­nical maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm; c) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; d) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm. Results. The amount of the accumulation of alkaline earth metals and their compounds by seeds and stalks of hemp plants depending on their content in vegetation soils was determined. It was found that stalks of the ‘Hlesiia’ plant accumulated strontium (Sr) and its compounds far less than that of ‘Hliana’, whereas in the seeds of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety the content of this chemical element was higher comparing with the previous variety by 70 and 78%, respectively. The difference in the accumulation of barium (Ba) compounds in seeds of hemp plants was not significant, while the tissues of the plant stalks of the ‘Hlia­na’ variety accumulated its compounds significantly more as compared to the ‘Hlesiia’ variety. The degree of influence of the variety, feeding area and the maturity stage on the processes of magnesium compounds (Mg) accumulation by plants was not revealed. Plants of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety accumulated far less calcium (Ca) and its compounds in the stalk tissues as compared to the plants of the ‘Hliana’ variety: in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants with row spacing 45 cm (a) and d – plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) in the biological maturity stage 30,94 and 15,95 mg/kg more in the presence in soil and in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) and in the biological maturity stage with broad-sowing (45 cm) 34.54 and 24.19 mg/kg less in the presence in soil. Conclusions. The indices of accumulation of alkaline earth metals by hemp plants were significantly affected by the concentration of compounds of a certain chemical element in the arable layer, the level of energy (light) obtained by plants during vegetation, the varietal features of hemp, the stages of organogenesis of hemp plants and the specificity of their aboveground parts – stalks to accumulate these chemical elements as well as cumulate them by seeds. The varietal dependence as for accumulation of heavy metals by hemp plants tissues and seeds was established. In order to obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to take into account the varietal features of plants concerning the ability to absorb and accumulate the relevant chemical elements and their compounds in the process of hemp culti­vation.

Purpose. To determine and substantiate practical aspects of statistical analysis application for management results of the morphological description of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties when identifying them during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. Methods. Field study, analytical approach based on descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results. Quantitative values of display of such morphological characters as leaf rosette diameter, lettuce head size, leaf blade thickness and its venation were determined for the Lactuca sativa L. varieties. Statistical indices of four morphological characters of randomized sampling frame of seven cutting lettuce varie­ties were determined and the results of statistical analysis were interpreted. Cutting lettuce of loose leaf and capitate varieties was identified during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. The most suitable method for clustering cutting lettuce varieties was defined. The results of clustering were interpreted. It was found that ‘Hodar’ variety differed greatly from others, ‘Dumka’ and ‘Olzhych’ varieties were the most similar. Conclusions. The results of the identification allowed to establish that capitate lettuce varieties were similar in the following combinations: ‘Bona’ and ‘Dyvohray’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dumka’. According to the duration of interphase periods, it can be noted that such varieties as ‘Dumka’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ had the highest rate of maturation in comparison with ‘Bona’ and ‘Hodar’ varieties, and the lowest one as compared to the ‘Olzhych’ variety

Purpose. To assess introduced samples of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses, select a promising parent material and create on its base high-yielding varie­ ies with economic characters. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The results of studies on introduction and breeding were given aimed to improve drought tolerance of non-traditional perennial grasses under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Based on the selected parent material, varieties were created by the use of hybridization and ecotype breeding methods and then entered into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, among them: intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski) – ‘Hors’, crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) – ‘Petrivskyi’; meadow brome (Bromus riparia Rehm.) – ‘Boian’; slender wheatgrass (Roegneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski) – ‘Co­umb’. As compared with conventional, relatively drought-tolerant species of smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) – ‘Mars’, increment of dry matter content of these species in the extreme drought conditions of 2011 was increased by 1,52–3,73 t/ha. Under more sufficient moistening conditions of 2012, slender wheatgrass ‘Columb’ was at the level of the сheck variety in terms of this indicator. Other varieties exceeded it by 1.44–3.22 t/ha. The data was given including seed productivity and sowing quality indicators, after-ripening duration and economic fitness of seeds. Conclusions. The use of the recommended varieties of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses as part of grass mixtures will increase significantly the productivity of grasslands and pastures in the current context of climate change.

Purpose. To define statistical methods and tools (application packages) for creating the decision support system (DSS) for qualifying examination of plant varieties suitable for dissemination (VSD) in the context of data processing tasks. To substantiate the selection of software for proces­sing statistical data relative to field and laboratory investigations that are included into the qualifying examination for VSD. Methods. Analytical one based on the comparison of methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics and tools of intellectual analysis of data obtained during qualifying examination for VSD. Comparative analysis of software tools for processing statistical data in order to prepare proposals for the final decision on plant variety application. Decomposition of tasks was carried out which were included into the decision support system for qualifying examination of varieties-candidates for VSD. Results. Statistical package SPSS, analysis package included in MS Excel and programe language R was compared for the following criteria: interface usability, functionality, quality of calculation result presentation, visibility of graphical information, software cost. The both packages were widely used in the world for statistical data processing, they have similar functions for statistics calculation. Conclusion. Tasks of VSD were separated and recommended to tackle using investigated tools. Programe language R was a product recommended to use as a tool. The main advantage of R as compared to the package IBM SPSS Statistics is the fact that R is an open source software.

Purpose. To define statistical methods and tools (application packages) for creating the decision support system (DSS) for qualifying examination of plant varieties suitable for dissemination (VSD) in the context of data processing tasks. To substantiate the selection of software for proces­sing statistical data relative to field and laboratory investigations that are included into the qualifying examination for VSD. Methods. Analytical one based on the comparison of methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics and tools of intellectual analysis of data obtained during qualifying examination for VSD. Comparative analysis of software tools for processing statistical data in order to prepare proposals for the final decision on plant variety application. Decomposition of tasks was carried out which were included into the decision support system for qualifying examination of varieties-candidates for VSD. Results. Statistical package SPSS, analysis package included in MS Excel and programe language R was compared for the following criteria: interface usability, functionality, quality of calculation result presentation, visibility of graphical information, software cost. The both packages were widely used in the world for statistical data processing, they have similar functions for statistics calculation. Conclusion. Tasks of VSD were separated and recommended to tackle using investigated tools. Programe language R was a product recommended to use as a tool. The main advantage of R as compared to the package IBM SPSS Statistics is the fact that R is an open source software.

Цель. Выявить биологические особенности роста и развития растений и формирования посадочного материала мискантуса гигантского в зависимости от элементов технологии выращивания.Методы. Полевой, лабораторный, визуальный, измерительно-весовой и математико-статистический. Результаты. Исследованы особенности роста и развития биоэнергетической культуры мискантуса, формирования посадочного материала в зависимости от комплексного применения элементов технологии, а именно: сроков посадки, массы ризом, а также гранул и геля абсорбента MaxiMarin в период посадки. Установлено, что прирост высоты растений, увеличение площади листьев и формирование стеблей мискантуса зависели как от сроков посадки ризом, их величины, так и от применения абсорбента. За трёхлетний период прирост высоты растений был более интенсивным, а площадь листовой поверхности – наибольшей при применении абсорбента по сравнению с контролем во всех фазах развития и при обоих сроках посадки независимо от массы ризом. В среднем наибольшей – 1905,9 см3 – площадь листовой поверхности была на период окончания вегетации при втором сроке посадки крупных ризом при совместном использовании гранул и геля абсорбента. Увеличение наземной массы за счет высоты растений, площади листовой поверхности и количества стеблей способствовало повышению продуктивности фотосинтеза и влияло не только на урожайность культуры, но и на увеличение корневой системы выхода посадочного материала мискантуса. Установлены прямые сильные корреляционные связи между этими показателями и массой корневища. С нарастанием наземной массы увеличенивалась масса корневища и, соответственно, выход посадочного материала – ризом. При совместном внесении гранул и использовании геля абсорбента прирост наземной массы был наиболее интенсивным и, соответственно, наибольшей была масса корневища: при первом сроке посадки малых ризом – вдвое, при посадке больших ризом – в 2,4 раза больше, чем на контроле и составляла 1090,5 г, при посадке малых ризом – 2,4 раза и 1763,9 г соответственно. При втором сроке совместное использование гранул и геля абсорбента обеспечило увеличение массы корневища при посадке малых ризом в 1,9 раза, больших – в 2,1 раза по сравнению с контролем.Выводы. Между интенсивностью нарастания наземной массы – высотой растений, количеством листьев, площадью листовой поверхности, количеством почек и массой корневища выявлены прямые сильные корреляционные связи. Нарастание наземной массы растений способствовало увеличению корневой системы – выходу посадочного материала. Во всех фазах развития растений нарастание массы корневища было интенсивнее при использовании абсорбента, независимо от сроков посадки ризом, по сравнению с контролем. Совместное использование гранул и геля абсорбента обеспечило формирование наибольшей массы корневища. | Purpose. To establish biological features of plants growth and development and the formation of Miscanthus giganteus planting material depending on the cultivation technology elements. Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, weight measu­ring, mathematical and statistical ones.Results. The features of the growth and development of the miscanthus bioenergy crop were investigated including the formation of planting material depending on the combined technology elements application during the planting time, namely: planting time, rhizome mass, the granules and the MaxiMarin absorbent gel. It was established that the increase in plant height and leaf area as well as the miscanthus stems formation was depended on both the rhizome planting time, their size, and the use of the absorbent. During three-year period, increase in plant height was more intensive and leaf area was largest in case of the absorbent application, as compared to the control during all phases of the development for the first and the second planting time regardless of rhizome mass. On the average, the largest leaf area – 1905,9 cm3 – was in the final stage of vegetation in the context of the second planting time for large rhizomes and application of granules and absorbent gel jointly. Increasing the ground mass due to plant height, leaf area and the number of stems benefited the photosynthesis productivity intensity, that influenced the root system increase, and consequently the output of the miscanthus planting material. It was found that there are direct strong correlation between these indices and the rhizome mass. Ground mass growing is contributed to the increase in the rhizome mass, and accordingly the output of the planting material – rhizome. In case of application of granules and absorbent gel jointly, the ground mass of the miscanthus was growing most intensively and accordingly the rhizome mass was the largest, which in the first year of small rhizomes planting was twice as much as compared to the control and was equal to 1090.5 g, for large rhizomes planting this index was respectively 2.4 times more and equal to 1763.9 g. During the second planting time, the application of granules and absorbent gel jointly resulted in the rhizomes mass increase for small rhizomes planting 1.9, large rhizomes – 2.1 times more as compared to the control.Conclusions. Direct strong correlations were established bet­ween the intensity of the ground mass growth – the height of plants, the number of leaves, leaf area, the number of buds and the rhizome mass. The growth of the ground mass of plants was contributed to the increase of the root system, and consequenly the output of planting material. In all sta­ges of plant development, the increase of the rhizome mass was more intensive in case of the absorbent application regardless the time of rhizome planting, as compared to the control. The application of granules and absorbent jointly allowed to form the largest rhizome mass. | Мета. Виявити біологічні особливості росту й розвитку рослин та формування садивного матеріалу міскантусу гігантського залежно від елементів технології вирощування.Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, візуальний, вимі­рювально-ваговий, математично-статистичний.Результати. Досліджено особливості росту й розвитку біоенергетичної культури міскантусу, формування садивного матеріалу залежно від комплексного застосування елементів технології, а саме: строків висаджування, маси ризом, гранул і гелю абсорбенту MaxiMarin у період садіння. Встановлено, що приріст висоти рослин, збільшення площі листків та формування стебел міскантусу залежали як від строків садіння ризом, їх величини, так і від застосування абсорбенту. За трирічний період приріст висоти рослин був інтенсивнішим, а площа листкової поверхні – найбільшою у разі застосування абсорбенту, порівняно з контролем у всіх фазах розвитку за обох строків садіння незалежно від маси ризом. У середньому найбільша площа листкової поверхні – 1905,9 см3 – була на період закінчення вегетації за другого строку садіння великих ризом за спільного використання гранул та гелю абсорбенту. Збільшення наземної маси за рахунок висоти рослин, площі листкової поверхні та кількості стебел сприяло підвищенню продуктивності фотосинтезу, що впливало на збільшення кореневої системи – виходу садивного матеріалу міскантусу. Виявлено прямі сильні кореляційні зв’язки між цими показниками та масою кореневища. З наростанням наземної маси збільшувалася маса кореневища, а відповідно й вихід садивного матеріалу – ризом. За спільного внесення гранул і використання гелю абсорбенту найінтенсивніше наростала наземна маса рослин і, відповідно, найбільшою була маса кореневища: в перший строк садіння малих ризом вдвічі більшою, ніж на контролі та становила 1090,5 г, за садіння великих ризом – у 2,4 раза та 1763,9 г відповідно. За другого строку спільне застосування гранул і гелю абсорбенту забезпечило збільшення маси кореневища за садіння малих ризом у 1,9, великих – у 2,1 раза порівняно з контролем.Висновки. Між інтенсивністю наростання наземної маси – висотою рослин, кількістю листків, площею листкової поверхні, кількістю бруньок і масою кореневища виявлено прямі сильні кореляційні зв’язки. Наростання наземної маси рослин сприяло збільшенню кореневої системи – виходу садивного матеріалу. У всіх фазах розвитку рослин наростання маси кореневища було інтенсивнішим у разі використання абсорбенту, незалежно від строків садіння ризом, порівняно з контролем. Спільне використання гранул і гелю абсорбенту забезпечило формування найбільшої маси кореневища.