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Dynamics of PAH deposition, cycling and storage in a mixed-deciduous (Quercus-Fraxinus) woodland ecosystem
2001
Howsam, Michael | Jones, K.C | Ineson, P | Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE) ; Institut Pasteur de Lille ; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [CHU Lille] (CHRU Lille) | Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC) ; Institut Pasteur de Lille ; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [CHU Lille] (CHRU Lille) | Centre Universitaire de Mesures et d'Analyses [Université de Lille] (CUMA) ; Université de Lille, Droit et Santé | Centre d'Etudes et de recherche en Santé-Travail-Environnement (CERESTE) | CSIC-Barcelone | Faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit ; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU) | INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LANCASTER GBR ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Lancaster Environment Centre ; Lancaster University | University of York [York, UK]
International audience | Estimates of standing biomass and fluxes of biomass in a mixed-deciduous woodland were derived, and used with results for concentrations of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different compartments of the woodland system to quantitatively assess some of the key fluxes and burdens of PAHs in this complex system. We quantified PAH burdens in air, in leaves of three deciduous tree species, in leaf litter and in soil, and uptake of PAHs by the tree leaves; PAH fluxes in litterfall, and deposition to the litter layer on the woodland floor during winter were calculated from these data. Air burdens exhibited marked seasonal variations for all compounds, with lowest values in summer when combustion-related emissions were low. Leaves did not accumulate large burdens of PAHs while on the trees and consequently, litterfall-associated fluxes of PAHs were small, representing only a fraction of the burdens in the litter layer to which they were deposited. Higher PAH burdens in air in winter, combined with the organic-matter-rich nature of the litter layer, are thought to be responsible for fluxes of PAHs to the litter layer in winter being 20–170 times the peak litterfall fluxes. The soil compartment was calculated to contain 25 years' worth of deposition of benzo[ghi]perylene, the most recalcitrant PAH in this study. Storage quotients for fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene burdens in soil represented 7–10 years' worth of deposition, while fluorene and phenanthrene storage in soil approached unity with inputs (1 and 3 years' worth of deposition, respectively). The relative importance of storage and loss processes was therefore closely related to the physico-chemical properties of the PAH, and is discussed in relation to the cycling of carbon in the woodland.
Show more [+] Less [-]AgriBMPWater : approche de systèmes vers une culture respectueuse de l'environnement | AgriBMPWater: systems approach to environmentally acceptable farming
2001
Laplana, R.
Rising concern about agricultural non-print water pollution has led to the proposal of many regulatory measures. Agri-environmental programmes have been implemented in the different EU Member States according to the Commission regulation 2078/92. Best management practices, one of the most popular tools, have rarely been assessed in a fully satisfying way. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to provide planners in charge of the implementation of BMPs in the field of combating diffusion pollution either at a national or local scale, with both a guideline allowing the definition of critical areas on which efforts should be place in priority, and a selection grid permitting the assessment of BMPs in a three-dimensional space defined by environmental effectiveness, associated economic costs and social acceptability by farmers and land managers. Expectedd results should contribute to help Member States choosing the most appropriate measures and ways for an efficient implementation of BMPs, with the support of scientifically validated technical and economic recommendations. | Le principal objectif de ce projet est de procurer aux acteurs responsables de la lutte contre la pollution diffuse grâce aux meilleures pratiques de gestion une échelle nationale ou locale qui indique les zones prioritaires et l'évaluation des méthodes par l'efficacité environnementale, les coûts économiques associés et l'acceptation sociale de la part des agriculteurs et des gestionnaires des terres.
Show more [+] Less [-]Selected Issues in Environmental Economics
2001
Sarhan, Alaa A. (Egyptian Forum on Environment and Sustainable Development, Cairo (Egypt))
Abatement of Polar Organics in Natural Wetlands and Rivers. Analitycal Methods
2001
Headley, J. (National Water Research Centre, Cairo (Egypt)) | Tawfic, T. A.
Here are described three innovative and complementary methods for the characterization of polar organics in natural waters. A simple and rugged GC/MS procedure is shown to be well suited for the determination of sulfolane, (tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide, C4H8O2S; a water miscible chemical used in the sweetening of sour-gas) a compound that is known to be readily sequested by wetland vegetation. In contrast, LC/MS employing electrospray ionization is ideal for the quantification of two other classes of polar chemicals, namely (a) alkanolamines in vegetation and (b) mixtures of naphthenic acids in natural waters in oilsands regions of Northern Alberta, Canada. The modem techniques take advantage of quite simple extraction procedures, with no need for derivatization steps and exploit the polar nature of the chemicals to separate the analytes from high back ground non-polar components. For the alkanolamines, MS/MS is a prerequisite for obtaining diagnostic product ion scans of the molecular ion formed under soft-ionization conditions.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of Agricultural non-point Source Contaminants on Canadian Great Lakes Coastal Marshes
2001
Millette, J.A. (National Water Research Centre, Cairo (Egypt)) | Gutzman, D.W. | Gamble, D.S. | Bourgoin, B.P. | Mudroch, A. | Day, K. | Roshon, R.
As part of the Canadian Great Lakes Action Plan, the transport and effect of non-point source agricultural contaminants in wetlands were evaluated. Due to the broad scope of this study, the abilities of many individuals with different domains of expertise were employed. Stages of the study reported here include: 1) Survey of cropping and pesticide/fertilizer practices of farms in the selected watersheds; 2) Sampling and analysis of creek water and sediments for pesticides and other parameters; 3) Study of the reversible "loss" of pesticides by adsorptive and diffusive interaction with sediment particles; 4) Investigation of the effect of the agricultural contaminants on macrophytes and invertebrates. Among the findings of this work were the detection of some pesticides years after their last use as well as the presence of microorganisms, in all creek sediments tested, capable of rapidly and completely mineralizing atrazine.
Show more [+] Less [-]Control of Water Pollution from Agriculture
2001
Hamdy, A. (Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, Bari (Italy). Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen)
Water-rock Interaction and Related Groundwater Quality in Coastal Aquifers
2001
Fidelibus, M. D. (Bari Politechnics, Bari (Italy). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering)
Design of Water Quality Monitoring Network
2001
Khalek, M.A.A.(National Water Research Centre, Cairo (Egypt). Drainage Research Institute)