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Do constructed wetlands in grass strips reduce water contamination from drained fields?
2015
Vallée, Romain | Dousset, Sylvie | Schott, François-Xavier | Pallez, Christelle | Ortar, Agnès | Cherrier, Richard | Munoz, Jean-François | Benoît, Marc | Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture de Lorraine (CRA Lorraine [Laxou]) ; Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture Grand Est | Laboratoire d'hydrologie de Nancy (LHN) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Agence de l'Eau Rhin-Meuse [09A54015]; Zone Atelier Moselle
International audience | This study evaluates the efficiency of two small constructed wetlands installed in the regulatory grass strips between a drained plot and a river. The observed nitrate removal efficiencies were independent of the season or type of constructed wetland and ranged from 5.4 to 10.9% of the inlet amounts. The pesticide mass budgets ranged from −618.5 to 100%, depending on the molecule. The negative efficiencies were attributed to runoff and remobilization. In contrast, the highest efficiencies were associated with pesticides with high Koc and low DT50 (half-life) values, suggesting sorption and degradation. However, the effectiveness of these wetlands is limited for pesticides with low Koc or high DT50 values; thus, the use of these molecules must be reduced. Increasing the number of these small, inexpensive and low-maintenance wetlands in the agricultural landscape would reduce the level of water pollution whilst preserving the extent of cultivated land, but their long-term effectiveness should be evaluated.
Show more [+] Less [-]L'implication des acteurs dans la réduction des pollutions diffuses : un panorama des stratégies et outils dans le contexte français | Stakeholders involvement for reduction of diffuse pollution: An overview of strategies and tools in France
2015
Amblard, Laurence
Diffuse pollution is a major cause for the degradation of water quality also in the French context. Nitrates and pesticides, mostly from agricultural sources, are the main pollutants. To a lesser extent, diffuse pollution has domestic and collective sources. Nitrate rates remain high in surface waters, despite an improvement of water quality in areas where livestock farming is responsible for nitrate pollution. The contamination of groundwater by nitrates and pesticides has been worsening in the last years. The EU Nitrate Directive is the main regulatory tool for the control of nitrate diffuse pollution. Farmers in designated vulnerable zones have to comply with measures included in action programs. The implementation of the ND in France was evaluated as incomplete relating to insufficient designation of vulnerable zones and non-conformity of action programs. Two other constraints are a low awareness of requirements by farmers and difficulties in controlling and enforcing compliance. As a consequence, the implementation process of the ND was redefined in France, with an extension of vulnerable zones, now covering 55% of agricultural area. While action programs were mainly defined at the district level, now a core program defined at the national level is completed by regional programs established by State regional authorities on the basis of the work of regional technical groups. The development of action plans to protect drinking water catchments relies on cooperation between water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders. A first step is the definition of protection zone(s) in the water catchment. Then, agricultural and non-agricultural pressures are identified. Finally, an action plan is defined to be implemented voluntary by farmers. In the French context, the involvement of water suppliers is fostered by financial incentives provided by Water Agencies. Also the “Grenelle” regulation imposes the definition and implementation of action plans in priority water catchments. The participation of farmers is targeted by a number of tools: (1) mostly agri-environmental schemes funded by EU rural development policy, (2) environmental land leases, (3) the development of market outlets such as local organic supply chains. Research shows that the success of this approach depends on a number of factors. The main success factors identified are: The scale of collective action. With regard with the governance of collective action, the definition of the role of stakeholders involved the involvement of farm leaders and farm organizations and the involvement of agricultural cooperatives and agro-industries. Finally, technical support to local stakeholders (water suppliers, farmers) was identified as a crucial success factor.
Show more [+] Less [-]Genotypic variations in the dynamics of metal concentrations in poplar leaves: A field study with a perspective on phytoremediation
2015
Pottier, Mathieu | Delatorre, Vanesa S. | Victor, Cindy | David, Laure | Chalot, Michel | Thomine, Sébastien | Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Région Ile-de-France DIM ASTREA
International audience | Poplar is commonly used for phytoremediation of metal polluted soils. However, the high concentrations of trace elements present in leaves may return to soil upon leaf abscission. To investigate the mechanisms controlling leaf metal content, metal concentrations and expression levels of genes involved in metal transport were monitored at different developmental stages on leaves from different poplar genotypes growing on a contaminated field. Large differences in leaf metal concentrations were observed among genotypes. Whereas Mg was remobilized during senescence, Zn and Cd accumulation continued until leaf abscission in all genotypes. A positive correlation between Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1) expres-sion levels and Zn bio-concentration factors was observed. Principal component analyses of metal concentrations and gene expression levels clearly discriminated poplar genotypes. This study highlights a general absence of trace element remobilization from poplar leaves despite genotype specificities in the control of leaf metal homeostasis.
Show more [+] Less [-]Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and corticosterone levels in seven polar seabird species
2015
Tartu, Sabrina | Angelier, Frédéric | Bustnes, J.O. | Moe, B. | Hanssen, S.A. | Herzke, D. | Gabrielsen, G.W. | Verboven, N. | Verreault, J. | Labadie, P. | Budzinski, H. | Wingfield, J.C. | Chastel, Olivier | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA) ; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) | Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) | Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) | Norwegian Polar Institute | Division of Cell Sciences ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine | Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN) ; Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal] ; Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior ; University of California (UC)
International audience | The role of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on exposure-related endocrine effects has been poorlyinvestigated in wild birds. This is the case for stress hormones including corticosterone (CORT). Somestudies have suggested that environmental exposure to PCBs and altered CORT secretion might beassociated. Here we investigated the relationships between blood PCB concentrations and circulatingCORT levels in seven free-ranging polar seabird species occupying different trophic positions, and hencecovering a wide range of PCB exposure. Blood P7PCB concentrations (range: 61e115,632 ng/g lw) werepositively associated to baseline or stress-induced CORT levels in three species and negatively associatedto stress-induced CORT levels in one species. Global analysis suggests that in males, baseline CORT levelsgenerally increase with increasing blood P7PCB concentrations, whereas stress-induced CORT levelsdecrease when reaching high blood P7PCB concentrations. This study suggests that the nature of thePCB-CORT relationships may depend on the level of PCB exposure.
Show more [+] Less [-]Growing edible vegetables on Technosols, Firts results of the Agrotechnosol Project
2015
Laurette, Julien | Claverie, Rémi | Masfaraud, Jean-Francois | GUILLOUX, JULIE | Schwartz, Christophe | Séré, Geoffroy | Sirguey, Catherine | Leglize, Pierre
Growing edible vegetables on Technosols, Firts results of the Agrotechnosol Project. 8th Sino-French Workshop on Soil Pollution and Remediation
Show more [+] Less [-]New approach to identify and categorize pesticide metabolites in soil combining suspect screening metabolomics with in silico molecular typology. 5th International Conference on Environmental Pollution and Remediation (ICEPR)
2015
Storck, Véronika | Dragos, Luciniu | Mamy, Laure | Ferrari, Federico | Papadopoulou, Evangelia S. | Nikolaki, Sofia | Karas, Panagiotis A. | Servien, Rémi | Karpouzas, Dimitrios | Trevisan, Marco | Benoit, Pierre | Martin, Fabrice
New approach to identify and categorize pesticide metabolites in soil combining suspect screening metabolomics with in silico molecular typology. 5th International Conference on Environmental Pollution and Remediation (ICEPR). 5th International Conference on Environmental Pollution and Remediation (ICEPR)
Show more [+] Less [-]Genetic variation of Lymnaea stagnalis tolerance to copper: A test of selection hypotheses and its relevance for ecological risk assessment | Genetic variation of Lymnaea stagnalis tolerance to copper: A test of selection hypotheses and its relevance for ecological risk assessment: Genetic variation of Lymnaea stagnalis tolerance to copper: A test of selection hypotheses and its relevance for ecological risk assessment
2015
Côte, Jessica | Bouetard, Anthony | Pronost, Yannick | Besnard, Anne-Laure | Coke, Maïra | Piquet, F. | Caquet, Thierry | Coutellec, Marie-Agnès | Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST | Unité d'Ecologie et Ecotoxicologie Aquatiques (UEEA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Institut en Santé Agro-Environnement (ISAE) | Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (DEPT EFPA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
INRA-Onema "Phylogeny and Polluosensitivity" program This work was supported by the INRA-Onema 2013-2014 "Phylogeny and Polluosensitivity" program. The authors thank Marc Collinet and Antoine Gallard for technical assistance. Elsevier sci ltd | International audience | The use of standardized monospecific testing to assess the ecological risk of chemicals implicitly relies on the strong assumption that intraspecific variation in sensitivity is negligible or irrelevant in this context. In this study, we investigated genetic variation in copper sensitivity of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, using lineages stemming from eight natural populations or strains found to be genetically differentiated at neutral markers. Copper-induced mortality varied widely among populations, as did the estimated daily death rate and time to 50% mortality (LT50). Population genetic divergence in copper sensitivity was compared to neutral differentiation using the Qs-r-FsT approach. No evidence for homogenizing selection could be detected. This result demonstrates that species-level extrapolations from single population studies are highly unreliable. The study provides a simple example of how evolutionary principles could be incorporated into ecotoxicity testing in order to refine ecological risk assessment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Show more [+] Less [-]Impact of sulfidation on the bioavailability and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Caenorhabditis elegans
2015
Starnes, Daniel L. | Unrine, Jason M. | Starnes, Catherine P. | Collin, Blanche | Oostveen, Emily K. | Ma, Rui | Lowry, Gregory V. | Bertsch, Paul M. | Tsyusko, Olga V. | Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | Sulfidation is a major transformation product for manufactured silver nanoparticles (Ag-MNPs) in the wastewater treatment process. We studied the dissolution, uptake, and toxicity of Ag-MNP and sulfidized Ag-MNPs (sAg-MNPs) to a model soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results show that reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint tested for both Ag-MNPs and sAg-MNPs. We also demonstrate that sulfidation not only decreases solubility of Ag-MNP, but also reduces the bioavailability of intact sAg-MNP. The relative contribution of released Ag+ compared to intact particles to toxicity was concentration dependent. At lower total Ag concentration, a greater proportion of the toxicity could be explained by dissolved Ag, whereas at higher total Ag concentration, the toxicity appeared to be dominated by particle specific effects. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Show more [+] Less [-]Heteroaggregation, transformation and fate of CeO2 nanoparticles in wastewater treatment
2015
Barton, Lauren E. | Auffan, Melanie | Olivi, Luca | Bottero, Jean-Yves | Wiesner, Mark R. | Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste | Duke University [Durham]
International audience | Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) are a key pathway by which nanoparticles (NPs) enter the environment following release from NP-enabled products. This work considers the fate and exposure of CeO2 NPs in WWTPs in a two-step process of heteroaggregation with bacteria followed by the subsequent reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III). Measurements of NP association with solids in sludge were combined with experimental estimates of reduction rate constants for CeO2 NPs in Monte Carlo simulations to predict the concentrations and speciation of Ce in WWTP effluents and biosolids. Experiments indicated preferential accumulation of CeO2 NPs in biosolids where reductive transformation would occur. Surface functionalization was observed to impact both the distribution coefficient and the rates of transformation. The relative affinity of CeO2 NPs for bacterial suspensions in sludge appears to explain differences in the observed rates of Ce reduction for the two types of CeO2 NPs studied. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Show more [+] Less [-]Stakeholders involvement for reduction of diffuse pollution: An overview of strategies and tools in France | L'implication des acteurs dans la réduction des pollutions diffuses : un panorama des stratégies et outils dans le contexte français
2015
Amblard, Laurence | Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (UMR METAFORT) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM [Axe_IRSTEA]DTAM2-ACPUB | International audience | Diffuse pollution is a major cause for the degradation of water quality also in the French context. Nitrates and pesticides, mostly from agricultural sources, are the main pollutants. To a lesser extent, diffuse pollution has domestic and collective sources. Nitrate rates remain high in surface waters, despite an improvement of water quality in areas where livestock farming is responsible for nitrate pollution. The contamination of groundwater by nitrates and pesticides has been worsening in the last years. The EU Nitrate Directive is the main regulatory tool for the control of nitrate diffuse pollution. Farmers in designated vulnerable zones have to comply with measures included in action programs. The implementation of the ND in France was evaluated as incomplete relating to insufficient designation of vulnerable zones and non-conformity of action programs. Two other constraints are a low awareness of requirements by farmers and difficulties in controlling and enforcing compliance. As a consequence, the implementation process of the ND was redefined in France, with an extension of vulnerable zones, now covering 55% of agricultural area. While action programs were mainly defined at the district level, now a core program defined at the national level is completed by regional programs established by State regional authorities on the basis of the work of regional technical groups. The development of action plans to protect drinking water catchments relies on cooperation between water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders. A first step is the definition of protection zone(s) in the water catchment. Then, agricultural and non-agricultural pressures are identified. Finally, an action plan is defined to be implemented voluntary by farmers. In the French context, the involvement of water suppliers is fostered by financial incentives provided by Water Agencies. Also the “Grenelle” regulation imposes the definition and implementation of action plans in priority water catchments. The participation of farmers is targeted by a number of tools: (1) mostly agri-environmental schemes funded by EU rural development policy, (2) environmental land leases, (3) the development of market outlets such as local organic supply chains. Research shows that the success of this approach depends on a number of factors. The main success factors identified are: The scale of collective action. With regard with the governance of collective action, the definition of the role of stakeholders involved the involvement of farm leaders and farm organizations and the involvement of agricultural cooperatives and agro-industries. Finally, technical support to local stakeholders (water suppliers, farmers) was identified as a crucial success factor.
Show more [+] Less [-]