Analytical method for hydrophilic polar environmental pollutants was studied. Among these pollutants, the halogenated lower carboxylates were the target compounds of this investigation. A novel but simple derivatization method necessary for sample preparation for instrumental analysis was developed. The new derivatization method for the carboxylates is not a conventional chemical reaction in non-aqueous solvent following isolation from the environmental samples but rather, a direct aqueous reaction ; direct conversion of the carboxylates to amides using a carbodiimide in dilute aqueous solution. Halogenoanilines were selectively used with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) under acidic conditions at room temperature to form the anilide derivatives. Moreover, this reaction proceeds while mixing the sample water, DCC, a halogenoaniline, and small volume of extracting solvent. Thus, for the first time, simultaneous derivatization of the carboxylates and extraction of the products into solvent was achieved. Based on the results, simple and practical determination methods by gas chromatography were developed for traces of these carboxylates in environmental samples and the proposed methods were applied to some real samples. Such analytical derivatization methods for carboxylates are useful and noteworthy because they can form C-N bonds in aqueous media under mild conditions with carbodiimides and N atoms of amino and other compounds.

In order to ascertain the characterization of heavy metals in ashes from mixed refuse, the composition of those carried in A, B and C incineration facilities in Nagano prefecture was classified into 6 kinds of wastes and the amount of heavy metals, namely Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Fe, contained in residual ashes were studied. The different pattern of the waste composition found in B facility showed indirectly the special system of the waste treatment at the region. As compared with others, the concentration of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in ashes from plastics waste tended to high. The contributions of each combustible component against the total amounts of each heavy metal derived from mixed refuse were also shown.

A comparative study of the phagovars, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and plasmid profiles of 119 strains of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from food poisoning was carried out to determine the most adequate markers in epidemiological investigations. An epidemiological pattern (consisting of a phagovar 4 and 60kb plasmid) emerged as the predominant pattern in Nagano prefecture during the study period.

During the period from 1981 to 1986, Campylobacter and Salmonella were isolated from healthy dogs and cats by the Nagano Prefecture Dog Pound Office. Campylobacter was isolated from 35 (7.0%) dogs out of 497 and 14 (10.1%) cats out of 138. Salmonella was isolated from 38 (7.6%) dogs out of 497, but not isolated from cats. The frequency of the isolation of Salmonella in puppies (under one year old) was about 2 times higher than that of adult dogs. A total of 42 strains of Salmonella was isolated from the dogs, and it was typed into 15 serovars. S. infantis, S. agona, S. anatum and S. paratyphi B, d- tartrate(+) were the most frequent serovars. Isolated Campylobacter strains were identified as C. jejuni (48 strains) and C. colt (1 strain). Considering these results, we were suggested that dogs and cats may act as possible sources of Campylobacter and Salmonella infection in human.

For the purpose of determining the effect of dredging on nutrients releasing from the sediment at the bottom of Lake Suwa after some of its sediment has been dredged, an experiment was performed to find out how much ammonium and phosphate would release from different depths of the sediment. Lake Suwa's sediment contains a lot of nitrogen and phoshorus down to its lower layers. The results of the experiment were as follows: The speed at which ammonium released from was faster as the depth of sediment increased. The speed at which ammonium was generated in the sediment showed the highest of 2.58N micro g/g dry sediment d in a 0-10cm layer. However, ammonium showed a generation speed of 1.3-1.4N micro g/g dry sediment-d at the depth of 10cm and more, indicating that ammonium easy to release from is generated even in lower layers. The speed at which phosphorus released from was 1.3-1.7Pmg/square m d in a 0-20cm deep layer, and 0.14-0.31Pmg/square m d at the depth of 20cm and more. The speed of Phosphorus releasing from lower layers of the sediment decreased to 1/4-1/10 of that in upper layers, and it was indicated that very little phosphorus flows out of the sediment at the depth of 20cm and more.

An attempt was made to apply high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to a high-accuracy determination of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) contained in environmental samples highly contaminated with organic matters; LAS was converted into chlorides (LAS-Cl) or methyl esters (LAS-O-Me) before being subjected to HPLC. The present HPLC method employed Shimadzu PC8-10, Waters micro Bondapak C18, or Jascopack SC-01-125 as a separating column, 85-90% methanol as an eluent, and wavelengths 250 and 225 nm for the measurement of LAS-Cl and LAS-O-Me, respectively. An experiment on material recovery for river water, sediment, and living body samples has given a satisfactory result that recovery is over 90%, coefficient of variation is 2-3%, and detection limit is 0.05 micro g. Test analyses have proved the present HPLC method to give rise to few interfering peaks so as to be satisfactorily applicable on actual environmental samples.