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137Cs baseline levels in the Mediterranean and Black Sea: A cross-basin survey of the CIESM Mediterranean Mussel Watch programme
2008
Thébault, H. | Baena, A.M., | Andral, B. | Barisic, D. | Albaladejo, J.B. | Bologa, A.S. | Boudjenoun, R. | Delfanti, R. | Egorov, V.N. | El Khoukhi, T. | Florou, H. | Kniewald, G. | Noureddine, A. | Patrascu, V. | Pham, M.K. | Scarpato, A. | Stokozov, N.A. | Topcuoglu, S. | Warnau, M.
The common mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was selected as unique biomonitor species to implement a regional monitoring programme, the CIESM Mediterranean Mussel Watch (MMW), in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. As of today, and upon standardization of the methodological approach, the MMW Network has been able to quantify 137Cs levels in mussels from 60 coastal stations and to produce the first distribution map of this artificial radionuclide at the scale of the entire Mediterranean and Black Seas. While measured 137Cs levels were found to be very low (usually <1 Bq kg-1 wet wt) 137Cs activity concentrations in the Black Sea and North Aegean Sea were up to two orders of magnitude higher than those in the western Mediterranean Basin. Such effects, far from representing a threat to human populations or the environment, reflect a persistent signature of the Chernobyl fallout in this area. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Show more [+] Less [-]Environmental and health impacts of air pollution
2008
Ashmore, M.R. | Vries, W. de | Hettelingh, J.P. | Hicks, K. | Posch, M. | Reinds, G.J. | Tonneijck, F. | Bree, L. van | Dobben, H.F. van
Kinetic extractions to assess mobilization of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd in a metal-contaminated soil: EDTA vs. citrate.
2008
Labanowski , Jérome (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Monna , Fabrice (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Dijon(France). Univ. de Bourgogne Centre des Sciences de la Terre) | Bermond , Alain (INRA , Thiverval-Grignon (France). UMR 1091 Environnement et Grandes Cultures) | Cambier , Philippe (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Fernandez , Christelle (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Lamy , Isabelle (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Van Oort , Folkert (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés)
Kinetic EDTA and citrate extractions were used to mimic metal mobilization in a soil contaminated by metallurgical fallout. Modeling of metal removal rates vs. time distinguished two metal pools: readily labile (QM1) and less labile (QM2). In citrate extractions, total extractability (QM1 + QM2) of Zn and Cd was proportionally higher than for Pb and Cu. Proportions of Pb and Cu extracted with EDTA were three times higher than when using citrate. We observed similar QM1/QM2 ratios for Zn and Cu regardless of the extractant, suggesting comparable binding energies to soil constituents. However, for Pb and Cd, more heterogeneous binding energies were hypothesized to explain different kinetic extraction behaviors. Proportions of citrate-labile metals were found consistent with their short-term, in-situ mobility assessed in the studied soil, i.e., metal amount released in the soil solution or extracted by cultivated plants. Kinetic EDTA extractions were hypothesized to be more predictive for long-term metal migration with depth.
Show more [+] Less [-]Anthropogenic lead distribution in soils under arable land and permanent grassland estimated by Pb isotopic compositions
2008
Fernandez , Christelle (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Monna , Fabrice (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Dijon(France). Centre des Sciences de la Terre) | Labanowski , Jérome (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Loubet , Michel (Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse(France). Laboratoire de Géochimie) | Van Oort , Folkert (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés)
The role of land use on fate of metals in soils is poorly understood. In this work, we studied the incorporation of lead in two neighboring soils with comparable pedogenesis but under long-term different agricultural management. Distributions of anthropogenic Pb were assessed from concentrations and isotopic compositions determined on bulk horizon samples, systematical 5–10 cm increment samples, and on 24-h EDTA extracts. Minor amounts of anthropogenic lead were detected until 1-m depth under permanent grassland, linked to high earthworm activity. In arable land, exogenous Pb predominantly accumulated at depths <60 cm. Although the proximity between the two sites ensured comparable exposition regarding atmospheric Pb deposition, the isotopic compositions clearly showed the influence of an unidentified component for the cultivated soil. This work highlights the need for exhaustive information on historical human activities in such anthropized agrosystems when fate of metal pollution is considered.
Show more [+] Less [-]Thermodynamics and kinetic processes at coal interface for CO2 geological storage
2008
Charriere, Delphine | Pokryszka, Zbigniew | Behra, Philippe
Currently, the geological storage of CO2 is heavily studied around the world in order to limit global warming due to the greenhouse effect. The atmospheric CO2, which has been steadily increasing for more than a century, is assumed to be in a large part responsible of this warming. Nowadays, various options have been considering to store CO2 in an underground environment for periods covering several centuries. Among the options, one is to inject it in unexploited coal seams. The objective of our work is to characterise the interactions between CO2 ans coal interfaces from two French coal seams. This will contribute to identify the most adapted coal basin which could be used for storing CO2 in France.
Show more [+] Less [-]Thermodynamics and kinetic processes at coal interface for CO2 geological storage
2008
Charriere, Delphine | Pokryszka, Zbigniew | Behra, Philippe | Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) | Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques (ENSIACET) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Currently, the geological storage of CO2 is heavily studied around the world in order to limit global warming due to the greenhouse effect. The atmospheric CO2, which has been steadily increasing for more than a century, is assumed to be in a large part responsible of this warming. Nowadays, various options have been considering to store CO2 in an underground environment for periods covering several centuries. Among the options, one is to inject it in unexploited coal seams. The objective of our work is to characterise the interactions between CO2 ans coal interfaces from two French coal seams. This will contribute to identify the most adapted coal basin which could be used for storing CO2 in France.
Show more [+] Less [-]Neurobehavioural toxicity of a chronic exposure to the airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluorene in adult wistar male rats: a preliminary study about the effects of a 28 day administration using the intraperitoneal or the oral way
2008
Rychen, Guido | Schroeder, Henri
Brain and behaviour toxicity of airborn pollutants
2008
Schroeder, Henri
Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the thyroid function of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the Aegean Sea, is it an endocrine disruption?
2008
Schnitzler, Joseph | Koutrarkis, Emmanuil | Siebert, Ursula | Thomé, Jean-Pierre | Das, Krishna
peer reviewed | We evaluated the alterations of organochlorinated compounds such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) on the thyroid in wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at environmental concentrations. These compounds influence the endocrine system of many fish species and are qualified as endocrine disruptors. The thyroid seems to be a target organ. Two alteration endpoints: the thyroid histology and the muscular thyroid hormone concentrations, were used simultaneously. High concentrations in PCBs and DDT were detected in muscles, supporting the idea that the Mediterranean fauna could be more polluted than the Atlantic fauna. The high abundance of DDE indicates a progressive degradation of remnant DDT load and the absence of new inputs in this area. Aquaculture sea bass shows a significant higher amount of pollutants on fresh weight basis (especially PCBs) in their muscles compared to the wild sea bass. Those differences may be related mainly to the contaminations of diet. Thyroid parameters vary between wild and aquaculture sea bass, wild sea bass were characterized by higher follicle diameters, epithelial cell heights and muscular T4 concentrations. A significant relationship between persistent organic pollutants (muscular PCBs and DDT concentration) and the different thyroid parameters (diameters of follicles, epithelial cell heights and muscular T4 levels) could be observed, which support the hypothesis that these compounds have an adverse impact on thyroid morphometry and function.
Show more [+] Less [-]Long term survey of heavy metal pollution, biofilm contamination and diatom community structure in the Riou-Mort watershed, South West France | Pollution des eaux par les métaux lourds, contamination du biofilm et effets sur la structure des communautés de diatomées : Suivi long terme du bassin versant du Riou-Mort, SO France
2008
Morin, Soizic | Duong, T.T. | Dabrin, A. | Coynel, A. | Herlory, O. | Baudrimont, M. | Delmas, François | Durrieu, G. | Schäfer, J. | Winterton, P. | Blanc, G. | Coste, Michel | Réseaux épuration et qualité des eaux (UR REBX) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)
[Departement_IRSTEA]MA [TR1_IRSTEA]QSA / DYNAQ | International audience | In a metal-polluted stream in the Riou Mort watershed in SW France, periphytic biofilm was analyzed for diatom cell densities and taxonomic composition, dry weight and metal bio-accumulation (cadmium and zinc). Periphytic diatom communities were affected by the metal but displayed induced tolerance, seen through structural impact (dominance of small, adnate species) as well as morphological abnormalities particularly in the genera Ulnaria and Fragilaria. Species assemblages were characterized by taxa known to occur in metal-polluted environments, and shifts in the community structure expressed seasonal patterns: high numbers of Eolimna minima, Nitzschia palea and Pinnularia parvulissima were recorded in Summer and Autumn, whereas the species Surirella brebissonii, Achnanthidium minutissimum, Navicula lanceolata and Surirella angusta were dominant in Winter and Spring. Commonly used indices such as the Shannon diversity index and Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index reflected the level of pollution and suggest seasonal periodicity, the lowest diversities being observed in Summer.
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