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Earthworm bioturbation influences the phytoavailability of metals released by particles in cultivated soils
2014
Leveque, Thibaut | Capowiez, Yvan | Schreck, Eva | Xiong, Tiantian | Foucault, Yann | Dumat, Camille | Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT) | Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie (ADEME) | Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT) | Société de Traitement Chimique des Métaux - STCM (FRANCE) | École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | INSU-EC2CO program; French Agency of the Environment and Energy (ADEME); Chemical Metal Treatments Company (STCM); National Research Agency [ANR-12-0011-VBDU]; ADEME, France
International audience | The influence of earthworm activity on soil-to-plant metal transfer was studied by carrying out six weeks mesocosms experiments with or without lettuce and/or earthworms in soil with a gradient of metal concentrations due to particles fallouts. Soil characteristics, metal concentrations in lettuce and earthworms were measured and soil porosity in the mesocosms was determined. Earthworms increased the soil pH, macroporosity and soil organic matter content due to the burying of wheat straw provided as food. Earthworm activities increased the metals concentrations in lettuce leaves. Pb and Cd concentrations in lettuce leaves can increase up to 46% with earthworm activities ... These results and the low correlation between estimated by CaCl2 and EDTA and measured pollutant phytoavailability suggest that earthworm bioturbation was the main cause of the increase. Bioturbation could affect the proximity of pollutants to the roots and soil organic matter.
Show more [+] Less [-]Earthworm bioturbation influences the phytoavailability of metals released by particles in cultivated soils
2014
Leveque, Thibaut | Capowiez, Yvan | Schreck, Eva | Xiong, Tiantian | Foucault, Yann | Dumat, Camille | Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT) | Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME) | Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT) | Société de Traitement Chimique des Métaux - STCM (FRANCE) | École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | INSU-EC2CO program; French Agency of the Environment and Energy (ADEME); Chemical Metal Treatments Company (STCM); National Research Agency [ANR-12-0011-VBDU]; ADEME, France
International audience | The influence of earthworm activity on soil-to-plant metal transfer was studied by carrying out six weeks mesocosms experiments with or without lettuce and/or earthworms in soil with a gradient of metal concentrations due to particles fallouts. Soil characteristics, metal concentrations in lettuce and earthworms were measured and soil porosity in the mesocosms was determined. Earthworms increased the soil pH, macroporosity and soil organic matter content due to the burying of wheat straw provided as food. Earthworm activities increased the metals concentrations in lettuce leaves. Pb and Cd concentrations in lettuce leaves can increase up to 46% with earthworm activities ... These results and the low correlation between estimated by CaCl2 and EDTA and measured pollutant phytoavailability suggest that earthworm bioturbation was the main cause of the increase. Bioturbation could affect the proximity of pollutants to the roots and soil organic matter.
Show more [+] Less [-]Metallothioneins pattern during ontogeny of coastal dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, from Argentina
2014
Polizzi, P.S. | Romero, M.B. | Chiodi Boudet, L.N. | Das, Krishna | Denuncio, P.E. | Rodriguez, D.H. | Gerpe, M.S.
peer reviewed | Metallothioneins are signals of metal exposure and widely used in biomonitoring. Franciscana dolphin is an endemic cetacean from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, classified as Vulnerable A3d by the IUCN. Metallothionein, copper and zinc in Franciscana were assessed in two geographic groups; one inhabits La Plata River estuary, anthropogenically impacted, and the other inhabits marine coastal ecosystems, with negligible pollution. Despite the environment, hepatic and renal MT concentrations were similar, but there was a declining trend from early to later developmental stages. Metallothionein K/L, Cu and Zn levels corresponded to normal reported ranges. MT was not related with Cd. Fetal concentrations were higher than its mother. These results and the health status of dolphins are suggesting that MT correspond to physiological ranges for the species, and they are closely to homeostasis of Zn and Cu, according to its ontogenetic changes. The information constitutes the first MT information on Franciscana dolphin and can be considered as baseline for the species conservation.
Show more [+] Less [-]Spatial distribution of PAH concentrations and stable isotope signatures (δ13C, δ15N) in mosses from three European areas - Characterization by multivariate analysis
2014
Foan, Louise | Leblond, Sébastien | Thöni, Lotti | Raynaud, Christine | Santamaria, Jesus Miguel | Sebilo, Mathieu | Simon, Valérie | Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques (ENSIACET) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | FUB - Research Group for Environmental Monitoring (SWITZERLAND) ; FUB - Research Group for Environmental Monitoring (SWITZERLAND) | Laboratorio Integrado de Calidad Ambiental - LICA (Pamplona, Spain) ; Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV) | Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco) ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | France by the Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie (ADEME) ; Spain by the Foundation of the University of Navarra (FUNA) ; CAN Foundation ; Switzerland by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) ;Communaute de Travail des Pyrenees/Communidad de Trabajo de los Pirineos (CTP)
International audience | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and N, C stable isotope signatures were determined in mosses Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. from 61 sites of 3 European regions: Île-de-France (France); Navarra (Spain); the Swiss Plateau and Basel area (Switzerland). Total PAH concentrations of 100-700 ng g-1, as well as δ13C values of -32 to -29‰ and δ15N values of -11 to -3‰ were measured. Pearson correlation tests revealed opposite trends between high molecular weight PAH (4-6 aromatic rings) content and δ13C values. Partial Least Square regressions explained the very significant correlations (r > 0.91, p < 0.001) between high molecular weight PAH concentrations by local urban land use (<10 km) and environmental factors such as elevation and pluviometry. Finally, specific correlations between heavy metal and PAH concentrations were attributed to industrial emissions in Switzerland and road traffic emissions in Spain.
Show more [+] Less [-]DGT-labile As, Cd, Cu and Ni monitoring in freshwater: Toward a framework for interpretation of in situ deployment
2014
Buzier, Rémy | Charriau, Adeline | Corona, David | Lenain, Jean-François | Fondanèche, Patrice | Joussein, Emmanuel | Poulier, Gaëlle | Lissalde, Sophie | Mazzella, Nicolas | Guibaud, Gilles | Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE) ; Université de Limoges (UNILIM) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
International audience | The use of the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film sampler (DGT) as a monitoring tool for regulatory programs is currently evaluated. In this context, the impact of commonly followed procedures on the accuracy of DGT-labile As, Cd, Cu, and Ni quantification was studied. Initial sampler contamination yields to define quantification limits instead of using blank subtraction, thus avoiding artifact concentrations. Not considering the alteration of element diffusion by the filter membrane leads to significant underestimation. However, diffusion coefficients determined on a non-fouled membrane were found to be suitable for the studied site, making it possible to use data from the literature. When diffusive boundary layer formation is neglected, no loss of accuracy is recorded provided the layer is thinner than 0.5 mm. Finally, exploration of potential biases allowed initiating a framework that might help limit inaccuracies in DGT-labile concentration estimation and interpretation, especially in a low contamination context.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of pyrite interface on silver and mercury behavior in natural porous media
2014
Charriere, Delphine | de A. Hernandez, Manuel | Cohen, Grégory | Behra, Philippe
Mercury exposure in a large subantarctic avian community
2014
Carravieri, Alice | Cherel, Yves | Blévin, Pierre | Brault-Favrou, Maud | Chastel, Olivier | Bustamante, Paco | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | ANR-10-CESA-0016,POLARTOP,Contaminants chez les prédateurs supérieurs polaires: niveaux et effets des polluants organiques et métaux lourds sur la physiologie du stress et le devenir des oiseaux marins des Terres Australes Françaises (TAAF)(2010)
International audience | Mercury (Hg) contamination poses potential threats to ecosystems worldwide. In order to study Hg bioavailability in the poorly documented southern Indian Ocean, Hg exposure was investigated in the large avian community of Kerguelen Islands. Adults of 27 species (480 individuals) showed a wide range of feather Hg concentrations, from 0.4 ± 0.1 to 16.6 ± 3.8 µg g-1 dry weight in Wilson's storm petrels and wandering albatrosses, respectively. Hg concentrations increased roughly in the order crustacean- < fish- ≤ squid- ≤ carrion-consumers, confirming that diet, rather than taxonomy, is an important driver of avian Hg exposure. Adults presented higher Hg concentrations than chicks, due to a longer duration of exposure, with the only exception being the subantarctic skua, likely because of feeding habits' differences of the two age-classes in this species. High Hg concentrations were reported for three species of the poorly known gadfly petrels, which merit further investigation.
Show more [+] Less [-]Structural and biological trait responses of diatom assemblages to organic chemicals in outdoor flow-through mesocosms
2014
Bayona, Yannick | Roucaute, Marc | Cailleaud, K. | Lagadic, Laurent | Basseres, A. | Caquet, Thierry | Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST | Service environnement ; Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq [Total] (PERL) | Serv ice environnement ; Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq [Total] (PERL) | Service environnement ; TOTAL Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq | Total S.A.
The sensitivity of diatom taxonomy and trait-based endpoints to chemicals has been poorly used so far in Environmental Risk Assessment. In this study, diatom assemblages in outdoor flow-through mesocosms were exposed to thiram (35 and 170 mu g/L), and a hydrocarbon emulsion (HE; 0.01, 0.4, 2 and 20 mg/L). The effects of exposure were assessed for 12 weeks, including 9 weeks post-treatment, using taxonomic structure and diversity, bioindication indices, biological traits, functional diversity indices, indicator classes and ecological guilds. For both chemicals, diversity increased after the treatment period, and responses of ecological traits were roughly identical with an abundance increase of motile taxa tolerant to organic pollution and decrease of low profile taxa. Bioindication indices were not affected. Traits provided a complementary approach to biomass measurements and taxonomic descriptors, leading to a more comprehensive overview of ecological changes due to organic chemicals, including short- and long-term effects on biofilm structure and functioning. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Show more [+] Less [-]Root biomass production in populations of six rooted macrophytes in response to Cu exposure: Intra-specific variability versus constitutive-like tolerance
2014
Marchand, Lilian | Nsanganwimana, Florien | Lamy, Jean-Baptiste, J.-B. | Quintela-Sabarís, C. | Gonnelli, C. | Colzi, I. | Fletcher, T. | Oustrière, Nadège | Kolbas, Aliaksandr | Kidd, Petra | Bordas, F. | Newell, P. | Alvarenga, P. | Deletic, A. | Mench, Michel | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU) | Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI) | Department of Civil Engineering ; Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES) | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas = Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) | Université de Limoges (UNILIM) | Contaminated Sites Branch ; Partenaires INRAE
International audience | Intra-specific variability of root biomass production (RP) of six rooted macrophytes, i.e. Juncus effusus, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Typha latifolia, Phalaris arundinacea, and Iris pseudacorus grown from clones, in response to Cu exposure was investigated. Root biomass production varied widely for all these macrophytes in control conditions (0.08 μM) according to the sampling site. Root biomass production of T. latifolia and I. pseudacorus in the 2.5–25 μM Cu range depended on the sampling location but not on the Cu dose in the growth medium. For P. australis, J. effusus, S. lacustris, and P. arundinacea, an intra-specific variability of RP depending on both the sampling location and the Cu-dose was evidenced. This intra-specific variability of RP depending on the sampling location and of Cu-tolerance for these last four species suggests that Cu constitutive tolerance for all rooted macrophytes is not a species-wide trait but it exhibits variability for some species.
Show more [+] Less [-]Earthworm tolerance to residual agricultural pesticide contamination: field and experimental assessment of detoxification capabilities
2014
Givaudan, Nicolas | Binet, Françoise | Le Bot, Barbara | Wiegand, Claudia | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset) ; Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP) | European University of Brittany via the International Chair of Excellence in Agronomy and Environment granted to C. Wiegand and to ECOBIO laboratory, and by the Institute français du Danemark. It is also part of the LIA "Environmental Toxicology and Stress Ecology" sustained by the CNRS-INEE, the University of South Danemark and the University of Rennes1.
International audience | This study investigates if acclimatization to residual pesticide contamination in agricultural soils is reflected in detoxification, antioxidant enzyme activities and energy budget of earthworms. Five fields within a joint agricultural area exhibited different chemical and farming histories from conventional cultivation to organic pasture. Soil multiresidual pesticide analysis revealed up to 9 molecules including atrazine up to 2.4 ng g(-1) dry soil. Exposure history of endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa and Allolobophora chlorotica modified their responses to pesticides. In the field, activities of soluble glutathione-S-transferases (sGST) and catalase increased with soil pesticide contamination in A. caliginosa. Pesticide stress was reflected in depletion of energy reserves in A. chlorotica. Acute exposure of pre-adapted and naïve A. caliginosa to pesticides (fungicide Opus(®), 0.1 μg active ingredient epoxiconazole g(-1) dry soil, RoundUp Flash(®), 2.5 μg active ingredient glyphosate g(-1) dry soil, and their mixture), revealed that environmental pre-exposure accelerated activation of the detoxification enzyme sGST towards epoxiconazole.
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