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ACV des rejets par temps de pluie d'un système d'assainissement urbain : le cas du bassin versant du Grand Paris | LCA of wet-weather emissions of an urban wastewater system: the case of the Greater Paris watershed
2017
Risch, E. | Gasperi, J. | Gromaire, M.C. | Chebbo, G. | Azimi, S. | Rocher, V. | Roux, P. | Rosenbaum, Ralph | Sinfort, C.
In typical life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) studies of urban wastewater systems (UWS), average conditions are modelled but there are many annual flooding events with releases of raw sewage. Such peak conditions are not considered and present a high temporal variability which is not currently accounted for. In addition, the aggregation of the loads from several storm events could bring an issue for the impact assessment on the aquatic categories of eutrophication and ecotoxicity. Hence we are investigating the contributions of these wet weather-induced discharges along with the inclusion of temporal variability in the life cycle inventory (LCI) for UWS.
Show more [+] Less [-]From Antarctica to the subtropics: contrasted geographical concentrations of selenium, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants in skua chicks (Catharacta spp.)
2017
Carravieri, Alice | Cherel, Yves | Brault-Favrou, Maud | Churlaud, Carine | Peluhet, Laurent | Labadie, Pierre | Budzinski, Hélène | Chastel, Olivier | Bustamante, Paco | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | ANR-10-CESA-0016,POLARTOP,Contaminants chez les prédateurs supérieurs polaires: niveaux et effets des polluants organiques et métaux lourds sur la physiologie du stress et le devenir des oiseaux marins des Terres Australes Françaises (TAAF)(2010)
International audience | Seabirds integrate bioaccumulative contaminants via food intake and have revealed geographical trends of contamination in a variety of ecosystems. Pre-fledging seabird chicks are particularly interesting as bioindicators of chemical contamination, because concentrations in their tissues reflect primarily dietary sources from the local environment. Here we measured 14 trace elements and 18 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blood of chicks of skuas that breed in four sites encompassing a large latitudinal range within the southern Indian Ocean, from Antarctica (Adélie Land, south polar skua Catharacta maccormicki), through subantarctic areas (Crozet and Kerguelen Islands, brown skua C. lonnbergi), to the subtropics (Amsterdam Island, C. lonnbergi). Stables isotopes of carbon (δ13C, feeding habitat) and nitrogen (δ15N, trophic position) were also measured to control for the influence of feeding habits on contaminant burdens. Concentrations of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) were very high at all the four sites, with Amsterdam birds having the highest concentrations ever reported in chicks worldwide (4.0 ± 0.8 and 646 ± 123 µg g-1 dry weight, respectively). Blood Hg concentrations showed a clear latitudinal pattern, increasing from chicks in Antarctica to chicks in the subantarctic and subtropical islands. Interestingly, blood Se concentrations showed similar between-population differences to Hg, suggesting its involvement in protective mechanisms against Hg toxicity. Chicks’ POPs pattern was largely dominated by organochlorine pesticides, in particular DDT metabolites and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Skua chicks from subantarctic islands presented high concentrations and diversity of POPs. By contrast, chicks from the Antarctic site overall had the lowest concentrations and diversity of both metallic and organic contaminants, with the exception of HCB and arsenic. Skua populations from these sites, being naturally exposed to different quantities of contaminants, are potentially good models for testing toxic effects in developing chicks in the wild.
Show more [+] Less [-]The first exposure assessment of legacy and unrestricted brominated flame retardants in predatory birds of Pakistan
2017
Abbasi, Naeem Akhtar | Eulaers, Igor | Jaspers, Veerle Leontina Bernard | Chaudhry, Muhammad Jamshed Iqbal | Frantz, Adrien | Ambus, Per Lennart | Covaci, Adrian | Malik, Riffat Naseem | Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences ; Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) | Department of Bioscience ; Aarhus University [Aarhus] | Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology ; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) | WWF Pakistan | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Center for Permafrost (CENPERM) ; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN) ; Faculty of Science [Copenhagen] ; University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen] ; University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH) | Toxicological Centre ; University of Antwerp (UA) | Higher Education Commission (HEC), Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan; NRC Project New Raptor [230465/F20]; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
The exposure to legacy polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) and unrestricted 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), bis (2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-benzoate (EH-TBB) was examined in tail feathers of 76 birds belonging to ten predatory species inhabiting Pakistan. In addition, different feather types of six individuals of Black kite (Milvus migrans) were compared for their brominated flame retardant (BFR) levels. Black kite was found to be the most contaminated species with a median (minimum-maximum) tail feather concentration of 2.4 (0.70-7.5) ng g(-1) dw for Sigma PBDEs, 1.5 (0.5-8.1) ng g(-1) dw for Sigma HBCDDs and 0.10 (<LOQ-0.1) ng g(-1) dw for BTBPE. Among unrestricted BFRs, BTBPE was detected only in Black kite and Little owl (Athene noctua), whereas BEH-TEBP and EH-TBB were not detected in any species. BDE-47 was found to be the most prevalent BFR compound in aquatic species, while BDE-99 and -153 were more abundant in terrestrial species. For HBCDDs, alpha-isomer was generally recorded as the most prevalent BFR in both terrestrial and aquatic species. The concentrations of BFRs differed significantly (all P < 0.01) among species, trophic guilds and between habitats, the latter for PBDEs only (P < 0.04), whereas differences among taxonomic affiliations and groups with different feeding regimes were not significant (P > 0.05 for both). Similarly, no significant concentration differences were observed among different feather types (all P > 0.05) suggesting their similar exposure. While variables such as species, trophic guild and delta N-15 values were evaluated as major predictors for BFR accumulation in the studied species, we predict that combined effects of just mentioned factors may govern the intra- and interspecific differences in BFR contamination profiles. We urge for further investigation of BFR exposure and potential toxicological effects in predatory birds from Asia with a more extensive sample size per species and location.
Show more [+] Less [-]Relationships between metal compartmentalization and biomarkers in earthworms exposed to field-contaminated soils
2017
Beaumelle, Léa | Hedde, Mickael | Vandenbulcke, Franck | Lamy, Isabelle | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Equipe Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie ; Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies
Partitioning tissue metal concentration into subcellular compartments relecting 'toxicologically available'pools may provide good descriptors of the toxicological efects of metals on organisms. Here we investigatedthe relationships between internal compartmentalization of Cd, Pb and Zn and biomarker responses in a model soil organism: the earthworm. The aim of this study was to identify metal fractions reflecting the toxic pressure in an endogeic, naturally occurring earthworm species (Aporrectodea caliginosa) exposed torealistic field-contaminated soils.After a 21 days exposure experiment to 31 field contaminated soils, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrationsin earthworms and in three subcellular fractions (cytosol, debris and granules) were quantified. Differentbiomarkers were measured: the expression of a metallothionein gene (mt), the activity of catalase (CAT) andof glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and the protein, lipid and glycogen reserves. Biomarkers were furthercombined in an integrated biomarker index (IBR).The subcellular fractionation provided better predictors of biomarkers than the total internal contentshence supporting its use when assessing toxicological bioavailability of metals to earthworms. The mostsoluble internal pools of metals were not always the best predictors of biomarker responses. metallothioneinexpression responded to increasing concentrations of Cd in the insoluble fraction (debris + granules). Proteinand glycogen contents were also mainly related to Cd and Pb in the insoluble fraction. On the other hand,GST activity was better explained by Pb in the cytosolic fraction. CAT activity and lipid contents variationswere not related to metal subcellular distribution. The IBR was best explained by both soluble and insolublefractions of Cd and Pb.This study further extends the scope of mt expression as a robust and specific biomarker in an ecologicallyrepresentative earthworm species exposed to field-contaminated soils. The genetic lineage of the individuals,assessed by DNA barcoding with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, did not inuence mt expression.
Show more [+] Less [-]Impact of micropollutants on the life-history traits of the mosquito Aedes aegypti: On the relevance of transgenerational studies
2017
Prud'Homme, Sophie | Chaumot, Arnaud | Cassar, Eva | David, Jean-Philippe | Reynaud, Stephane | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ) ; Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]) | Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | ASTRIUM ; EADS - European Aeronautic Defense and Space
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA | International audience | Hazard assessment of chemical contaminants often relies on short term or partial life-cycle ecotoxicological tests, while the impact of low dose throughout the entire life cycle of species across multiple generations has been neglected. This study aimed at identifying the individual and population-level consequences of chronic water contamination by environmental concentrations of three organic micropollutants, ibuprofen, bisphenol A and benzo[a]pyrene, on Aedes aegypti mosquito populations in experimental conditions. Life-history assays spanning the full life-cycle of exposed individuals and their progeny associated with population dynamics modelling evidenced life-history traits alterations in unexposed progenies of individuals chronically exposed to 1 mg/L ibuprofen or 0.6 mg/L benzo[a]pyrene. The progeny of individuals exposed to ibuprofen showed an accelerated development while the progeny of individuals exposed to benzo[a]pyrene showed a developmental acceleration associated with an increase in mortality rate during development. These life-history changes due to pollutants exposure resulted in relatively shallow increase of Ae. aegypti asymptotic population growth rate. Multigenerational exposure for six generations revealed an evolution of population response to ibuprofen and benzo[a]pyrene across generations, leading to a loss of previously identified transgenerational effects and to the emergence of a tolerance to the bioinsecticide Bacillus turingiensis israelensis (Bti). This study shed light on the short and long term impact of environmentally relevant doses of ibuprofen and benzo[a]pyrene on Ae. aegypti lifehistory traits and insecticide tolerance, raising unprecedented perspectives about the influence of surface water pollution on vector-control strategies. Overall, our approach highlights the importance of considering the entire life cycle of organisms, and the necessity to assess the transgenerational effects of pollutants in ecotoxicological studies for ecological risk assessment. Finally, this multi-generational study gives new insight about the influence of surface water pollution on microevolutionary processes.
Show more [+] Less [-]Exposure of larvae to thiamethoxam affects the survival and physiology of the honey bee at post-embryonic stages
2017
Tavares, Daiana Antonia | Dussaubat, Claudia | Kretzschmar, Andre | Carvalho, Stephan Malfitano | Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C.M. | Malaspina, Osmar | Bérail, Géraldine | Brunet, Jean-Luc | Belzunces, Luc | Departamento de Biologia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP) | Abeilles et Environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU) | Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Universidade Federal de Lavras = Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) | Universidade Federal de São Carlos [São Carlos] (UFSCar) | Laboratoire de l'Environnement et de l'Alimentation de la Vendée ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Sao Paulo Research Foundation 2013/21634-8 2012/50197-2
Under laboratory conditions, the effects of thiamethoxam were investigated in larvae, pupae and emerging honey bees after exposure at larval stages with different concentrations in the food (0.00001 ng/µL, 0.001 ng/µL and 1.44 ng/µL). Thiamethoxam reduced the survival of larvae and pupae and consequently decreased the percentage of emerging honey bees. Thiamethoxam induced important physiological disturbances. It increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at all developmental stages and increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase para (CaEp) activities at the pupal stages. For midgut alkaline phosphatase (ALP), no activity was detected in pupae stages, and no effect was observed in larvae and emerging bees. We assume that the effects of thiamethoxam on the survival, emergence and physiology of honey bees may affect the development of the colony. These results showed that attention should be paid to the exposure to pesticides during the developmental stages ofthe honey bee. This study represents the first investigation of the effects of thiamethoxam on the development of A. mellifera following larval exposure.
Show more [+] Less [-]Mercury contamination level and speciation inventory in Lakes Titicaca & Uru-Uru (Bolivia): Current status and future trends
2017
Guédron, Stéphane | Point, David | Acha, Dario | Bouchet, Sylvain | Baya, Pascale, Anabelle | Tessier, Emmanuel | Monperrus, Mathilde | Molina, Carlos I. | Groleau, A. | Chauvaud, Laurent | Thébault, Julien | Amice, Erwan | Alanoca, Lucia | Duwig, Céline | Uzu, Gaëlle | Lazzaro, X. | Arnaud, Bertrand | Bertrand, Sophie | Barbraud, Christophe | Delord, Karine | Gibon, F. M. | Ibanez, C. | Flores, Marizol | Fernandez Saavedra, Pablo | Ezpinoza, M.E. | Heredia, Carlos | Rocha, F. | Zepita, C. | Amouroux, David | Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]) | Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA) | Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM) ; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de géochimie des Eaux (LGE) ; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) | Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) | Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR) | Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]) | Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) ; Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN) ; Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA) | MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Universidad Pública de El Alto (UPEA) | TITICACA project (founded by the Impuestos Directos a los Hidrocarburos IDHadministrated by the Universidad Mayor de San Andres | ANR-13-CESA-0015,LA PACHAMAMA,Lacs de l'Altiplano (Bolivie): exploration in situ des Processus (A)biotiques contrôlant le biogéoCHimie Aquatique du Mercure A l'échelle MoléculAire et isotopique.(2013)
International audience | Aquatic ecosystems of the Bolivian Altiplano (∼3800 m a.s.l.) are characterized by extreme hydro-climatic constrains (e.g., high UV-radiations and low oxygen) and are under the pressure of increasing anthropogenic activities, unregulated mining, agricultural and urban development. We report here a complete inventory of mercury (Hg) levels and speciation in the water column, atmosphere, sediment and key sentinel organisms (i.e., plankton, fish and birds) of two endorheic Lakes of the same watershed differing with respect to their size, eutrophication and contamination levels. Total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in filtered water and sediment of Lake Titicaca are in the lowest range of reported levels in other large lakes worldwide. Downstream, Hg levels are 3-10 times higher in the shallow eutrophic Lake Uru-Uru than in Lake Titicaca due to high Hg inputs from the surrounding mining region. High percentages of MMHg were found in the filtered and unfiltered water rising up from <1 to ∼50% THg from the oligo/hetero-trophic Lake Titicaca to the eutrophic Lake Uru-Uru. Such high %MMHg is explained by a high in situ MMHg production in relation to the sulfate rich substrate, the low oxygen levels of the water column, and the stabilization of MMHg due to abundant ligands present in these alkaline waters. Differences in MMHg concentrations in water and sediments compartments between Lake Titicaca and Uru-Uru were found to mirror the offset in MMHg levels that also exist in their respective food webs. This suggests that in situ MMHg baseline production is likely the main factor controlling MMHg levels in fish species consumed by the local population. Finally, the increase of anthropogenic pressure in Lake Titicaca may probably enhance eutrophication processes which favor MMHg production and thus accumulation in water and biota.
Show more [+] Less [-]Perfluorinated substances and telomeres in an Arctic seabird: Cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches
2017
Blévin, Pierre | Angelier, Frédéric | Tartu, Sabrina | Bustamante, Paco | Herzke, Dorte | Moe, Børge | Bech, Claus | Wing Gabrielsen, Geir | Ove Bustnes, Jan | Chastel, Olivier | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) | Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) | Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU) ; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) | Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI) ; Norwegian Polar Institute
International audience | Telomeres are non-coding DNA repeats located at the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes, regulated by dynamic processes balancing shortening and maintenance. Despite a mechanism to slow-down telomere shortening, cell division leads to progressive attrition of chromosomes, leading to the onset of cellular senescence or apoptosis. However, telomere restoration based on telomerase activity is the primary mechanism for telomere maintenance. Telomere length is associated to health and survival and can be impacted by a broad panel of environmental factors. However, the effect of contaminants on telomeres is poorly known for living organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between some poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), body condition and telomere length by using both a cross-sectional and longitudinal approach in adult breeding Black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from Svalbard. First, we examined the associations between absolute telomere length and PFASs contamination in a given year (cross-sectional approach). Second, we investigated the relationships between telomere dynamics and PFASs contamination within a two years’ time frame (longitudinal approach). Our results did not show any significant relationships of PFASs and body condition with absolute telomere length in a given year. Surprisingly, we found a positive and significant relationship between PFASs and telomere dynamics in both sexes with elongated telomere in birds bearing the highest concentrations of PFASs. Our study underlines (i) the need to investigate PFAS effects on telomere dynamics with a longitudinal approach and (ii) a potential positive effect of these contaminants on telomere length, with the most contaminated birds showing the slowest rate of telomere shortening or even displaying elongated ones. Our study is the first to report a relationship between PFASs and telomere length in free-living vertebrates. A possible underlying mechanism and other potential confounding factors are discussed.
Show more [+] Less [-]Relationships between metal compartmentalization and biomarkers in earthworms exposed to field-contaminated soils
2017
Beaumelle, Léa | Hedde, Mickael | Vandenbulcke, Franck | Lamy, Isabelle | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE) ; Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai) ; Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA) ; Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL) | ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011)
Partitioning tissue metal concentration into subcellular compartments relecting 'toxicologically available'pools may provide good descriptors of the toxicological efects of metals on organisms. Here we investigatedthe relationships between internal compartmentalization of Cd, Pb and Zn and biomarker responses in a model soil organism: the earthworm. The aim of this study was to identify metal fractions reflecting the toxic pressure in an endogeic, naturally occurring earthworm species (Aporrectodea caliginosa) exposed torealistic field-contaminated soils.After a 21 days exposure experiment to 31 field contaminated soils, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrationsin earthworms and in three subcellular fractions (cytosol, debris and granules) were quantified. Differentbiomarkers were measured: the expression of a metallothionein gene (mt), the activity of catalase (CAT) andof glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and the protein, lipid and glycogen reserves. Biomarkers were furthercombined in an integrated biomarker index (IBR).The subcellular fractionation provided better predictors of biomarkers than the total internal contentshence supporting its use when assessing toxicological bioavailability of metals to earthworms. The mostsoluble internal pools of metals were not always the best predictors of biomarker responses. metallothioneinexpression responded to increasing concentrations of Cd in the insoluble fraction (debris + granules). Proteinand glycogen contents were also mainly related to Cd and Pb in the insoluble fraction. On the other hand,GST activity was better explained by Pb in the cytosolic fraction. CAT activity and lipid contents variationswere not related to metal subcellular distribution. The IBR was best explained by both soluble and insolublefractions of Cd and Pb.This study further extends the scope of mt expression as a robust and specific biomarker in an ecologicallyrepresentative earthworm species exposed to field-contaminated soils. The genetic lineage of the individuals,assessed by DNA barcoding with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, did not inuence mt expression.
Show more [+] Less [-]Radical change of Zn speciation in pig slurry amended soil: Key role of nano-sized sulfide particles
2017
Formentini, Thiago Augusto | Legros, Samuel | Fernandes, Cristovão Vicente Scapulatempo | Pinheiro, Adilson | Bars, Maureen Le | Levard, Clément | Mallmann, Fábio Joel Kochem | Veiga, Milton, Da | Doelsch, Emmanuel | Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Recyclage et risque (UPR Recyclage et risque) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
International audience | Abstract Spreading livestock manure as fertilizer on farmlands is a widespread practice. It represents the major source of heavy metal(loid)s (HM) input in agricultural soils. Since zinc (Zn) is present at high concentrations in manure, it poses special environmental concerns related to phytotoxicity, groundwater contamination, and introduction in the food chain. Therefore, investigations on the fate and behavior of manure-borne Zn, when it enters the soil environment, are necessary to predict the environmental effects. Nevertheless, long-term field studies assessing Zn speciation in the organic waste matrix, as well as within the soil after manure application, are lacking. This study was designed to fill this gap. Using SEM-EDS and \XAS\ analysis, we reported the following new results: (i) ZnS made up 100% of the Zn speciation in the pig slurry (the highest proportion of ZnS ever observed in organic waste); and (ii) ZnS aggregates were about 1-μm diameter (the smallest particle size ever reported in pig slurry). Moreover, the pig slurry containing ZnS was spread on the soil over an 11-year period, totaling 22 applications, and the resulting Zn speciation within the amended soil was analyzed. Surprisingly, ZnS, i.e. the only species responsible for a nearly 2-fold increase in the Zn concentration within the amended soil, was not detected in this soil. Based on SEM-EDS and \XAS\ observations, we put forward the hypothesis that Zn in the pig slurry consisted of nano-sized ZnS crystallites that further aggregated. The low stability of ZnS nanoparticles within oxic and complex environments such as the studied soil was the key explanation for the radical change in pig slurry-borne Zn speciation after long-term amendments.
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