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Trace Element Emissions from some Cement Plants in Turkey
2001
Kalafatoğlu, Ersan | Örs, Nuran | Sain Özdemir, Sibel | Munlafalioğlu, Ismet
The cement industry has been one of the major sources of air pollution in the past and the Turkish Air Quality Protection Regulation has issued limits also to trace elementemissions to minimise the polluting effects of this industrialsector. In the present study, dust samples were obtained isokinetically from 18 main stacks of 10 cement plants locatedin different geographical areas of Turkey. The samples were analysed for trace elements Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Se, Te, TI, V, Sb, Ba, Zn, Co, Sr, Cu, Bi, Mo, Be, and As. The results are presented both as concentration in the dust samples as well as emissions per unit production, and concentration inthe stack gas. The trace element emissions of the main stacksagree to great extent with the values given in the literature. On the other hand, the trace element emissions of the plants considered are well below the limits set in the Turkish Air Quality Protection Regulation.
Show more [+] Less [-]Atmospheric Bronze and Copper Corrosion as an Environmental Indicator. A Study Based on Chemical and Sulphur Isotope Data
2001
Nord, A. G. | Tronner, K. | Boyce, A. J.
Corrosion products have been takenfrom 130 copper or bronze outdoor objects all overEurope. Their chemical composition and crystalsymmetry have been determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray powderdiffraction. Data on location, sampling, objectcharacteristics, general environment and air pollutionlevel; type, colour and chemical composition of thecorrosion layers have been obtained and evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis. The resultsverify that the highest air pollution levels are usually associated with the occurrence of thick,black or dark grey corrosion layers on copper orbronze objects, preferentially containing soot, ironoxide hydroxides, and antlerite,Cu₃(SO₄)(OH)₄. Pale green corrosionusually contains brochantite,Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆, and is rather associatedwith less polluted areas. Atacamite, a copper hydroxide chloride with the chemical formula Cu₂Cl(OH)₃, is preferentially observed in coastal regions.In addition, sulphur isotope analyses have beenperformed on eleven corrosion samples from citycenters. The δ³⁴S values are typically inthe region from +4 to +6‰ relative to the sulphurisotope standard CDT (Canyon Diablo Troilite) with amean value of 4.7±1.2 (1σ), therebyindicating that the sulphur in the corrosion layers,in the form of brochantite or antlerite, mainlyoriginates from a similar source despite geographicvariation, most likely sulphur contained in air pollutants.
Show more [+] Less [-]Climate consequences of increasing ozone in the troposphere, studied with a coupled chemistry-general circulation model
2001
Roelofs, G.J.
Not to sink: bringing the tropical forest into the climate and other global conventions, without needing the 'Sink' concept
2001
Groot, W.T. de | Sielhorst, S.I.D.
The effect of aerosol on closure of the regional short-wave radiation balance
2001
Henzing, J.S.
CO(2)-reduction in new housing estates: a workshop as a building block
2001
Hoorn, T.M.M. van
Economic impacts of GHG stabilization scenarios and regional differentiation of targets based on burden sharing rules
2001
Bollen, J. | Manders, T.
Sharing the burden of greenhouse gas mitigation
2001
Jansen, J.C.
Climate projections for Europe: GCM intercomparisons and analysis of the predictability in practical and theoretical sense
2001
Brink, H.W. van den
Description of the default climate scenario for impact projects in NRP-II
2001
Verweij, W. | Viner, D.