As a result of this study the overload by pollutants and low quality of canal water in the zone downstream of Vrbas and Srbobran towns (Serbia, Yugoslavia) has been recorded. Regarding to started work on demudification of canal bottom in the industrial zone of Vrbas town, in the course of 2000 the additional investigations of mud profile downstrean of wastewater discharge into the canal have been done. In the investigated mud samples the extremely high number of organotrophic bacteria was found (up to 1.7 x 10**10 cfu/ml), but also high number of conditionally pathogenic bacteria (opportunistic bacteria) was recorded. Also, the high number of fecal (thermo-tolerant) coliform bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella - Enterobacter - Citrobacter group of bacteria), as well as the presence of colifags was found. Such findings indicate possible bad consequences to the health of humans contacting this mud, as well as to the ground water quality, indirectly, via drainage water.

Drainage of industrial and communal effluents, directly into the water flow, as many hydrotechnical activities, significantly influence the schedule and balance of the processes that take place into water. In this paper, there are represented the results of systematic control of the water quality of the Danube river and DTD (Danube-Tisza-Danube) channel on the parts Vrbas-Bezdan and Becej-Bogojevo, at the control station network of the Republic Weather Bureau (the Republic of Serbia), for the period of 1991-1996. The results show that the most adverse influence of anthropogenic factor is on the part of the flow of the DTD (Danube-Tisza-Danube) channel from Vrbas to the flow into Tisza river.

Upon the construction and introduction of overflow lagoons for gravitational precipitation, starch production plant wastewater drained into the river (channel) Nadel, satisfy quality conditions established for irrigation of crops which bare waters with high salinity.

From two locations in the Vizelj channel (Serbia, Yugoslavia) in the early spring and before irrigation water samples were systematically taken in order to examination the content of harmful and dangerous matter. Content of Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Cr, Ni, F, Cu, B in water samples was analyzed. The origin of these elements in the water and the effect of potentinal pollutants were analyzed. Also, deviation of content of these elements from permissible amounts which were announced in the Book of Regulation was commented.

The in-depth knowledge on management and reducing annual acidic pollution is important for improving the sustainable livelihood of people living in areas with acid sulphate soils (ASS). This study involved a long-term (2001–2006), large-scale canal water quality monitoring network (87 locations) and a field experiment at nine sites to quantify the dynamic variability of acidic pollution and its source in a coastal area with ASS in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam. Widespread acidic pollution (pH <5) of surface water occurred at the beginning of the rainy season, while pH of the canal water remained high (7–8) at the end of the rainy season and during the dry season. The study identified canal embankment deposits, made of ASS spoils from canal dredging/excavation, as the main source of acidic pollution in the surrounding canal network. The findings suggested that there was a linkage between the amount of acidic loads into canal networks and the age of the embankment deposits. The most acute pollution (pH ~ 3) occurred in canals with sluggish tidal water flow, at 1–2 years after the deposition of excavated spoils onto the embankments in ASS. The amount of acidic loads transferred to the canal networks could be quantified from environmental parameters, including cumulative rainfall, soil type and age of embankment deposits. The study implied that dredging/excavation of canals in ASS areas must be carried out judiciously as these activities may increase the source of acidic pollution to the surrounding water bodies.

Land reclamation activity, such as irrigation, requires monitoring in order to create conditions for a stable and highly productive crop production. It is necessary to monitor the use of water for irrigation in order to prevent or mitigate the consequences of unfavorable, poor quality water on soil irrigation, cultivated crops or equipment. In the province of Vojvodina, the Detailed Channel Network has a great potential. The specificities of this source of water for irrigation need to be observed in the usability of water. In 2010 the sampling was conducted in selected localities in middle Backa and Banat. The results indicate that water quality does not always meet the requirements proposed by the applied classification. What is particularly unfavorable is the fact that the worst quality was registered during the survey conducted at the beginning of the irrigation season on all sites.

Importance of sediments quantity and quality problems addressing to land reclamation canal network in Vojvodina (Serbia, Serbia&Montenegro) are pointed out in this paper. Necessity for sediments monitoring and criteria definition for environmental discharge are drown. Special attention is paid to agricultural land as recipient of these sediments.

Constant and highly productive agricultural productivity in the last decades has a tightly connected to irrigation. It is necessary to monitor the irrigation water quality in order to prevent or mitigate negative consequences on yield, soil and irrigation equipment. Besides the major waterways, the detailed canal network has great potential as a water resource. Peculiarities of this kind of water resources require monitoring of water suitability. During a three-year period of research, water was sampled on some localities in Backa and Banat (Serbia). The results of the research indicate that the water quality does not meet the demands proposed by the classifications. This proves the fact that during the irrigation period, it is necessary to monitor the irrigation water quality.

This work shows the effects of opening the Itebej sluice gate on the metals content of the water and sediment of the Begej canal. A deterioration in water quality resulted, in particular on the first day after opening of the sluice gate, when high concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb were detected. The metals content of the surface sediments across the canal at Klek had significantly higher concentrations of Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Hg five days after the opening, whereas there were no obvious changes at Itebej. From the metals content of the suspended sediment it can be concluded that the increase in metals contents occurred one day after opening the sluice gate.

Relatively dense network of irrigation channels in Vojvodina is exposed to various point and non-point pollutants impacts. Therefore, deposited channel sediments-sludges can be contaminated with high concentration of dangerous and harmful substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These sediments could have long lasting harmful effects on environmental status, quality and usability of channel water, and especially on surrounding agricultural soil, where dredged sediments are deposited or scattered. In this paper above mentioned conclusions are illustrated by quality analysis of specific irrigation channels sediments in terms of PAH contents in them.