Thirty-nine plants naturally found in Brazilian Caatinga semiarid biome were screened using an in vitro fermentability testing focused in apparent organic matter digestibility (aOMD), gas, methane (CH₄), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Three independent in vitro runs were carried out and plants were classified by CH₄ concentration as proportion of gas and per unit of apparent digested organic matter (aDOM). According to its CH₄ concentration on produced gas (mL/L), the plants were classified as low (> 110), medium (from 60 to 110), and high (< 60) anti-methanogenic potential. From evaluated plants, 3, 24, and 12 were classified as high, medium, and low anti-methanogenic potential. High anti-methanogenic potential plants Cnidoscolus phillacanthus (CnPh), Chloroleucon foliolosum (ChFo), and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (AnMa) produced 21.3, 34.3, and 35.9 mL CH₄/L of gas. Methane concentration for Myracrodruon urundeuva (MyUr) was 61.1 mL/L and classified as medium potential. However, CH₄ production per unit of aDOM was similar between MyUr and AnMa (3.35 and 2.68 mL/g, respectively). Molar proportions of acetate and propionate in SCFA produced by ChFo fermentation were 0.02 and 0.78 mmol/mol. Acetate to propionate ratios were 0.79, 0.03, 1.39, and 1.36 for CnPh, ChFo, AnMa, and MyUr, respectively. Greater aOMD were observed for Opuntia sp. and Calotropis procera (632 and 601 g/kg, respectively), which were classified as medium mitigating potential plants. AnMa, ChFo, CnPh, and MyUr are promising anti-methanogenic plants for ruminants. Selecting forages to feed ruminants in Caatinga is a potential strategy for enteric CH₄ emission reduction, and our in vitro results can support future research by indicating species to be evaluated in in vivo studies integrating mixed diets with performance, digestibility, and CH₄ production, yield, and intensity. Graphical abstract ᅟ