Thirty bottom sediment samples were collected from northern Hurghada coast, Red Sea, Egypt to evaluate the level of anthropogenic pollutants, using enrichment factor (EF), potential ecological risk index (PERI), soil pollution index (SPI), potential contamination index (Cp) and multivariate statistical analysis (correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis). Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co and Cd were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results indicated that the average values of Pb and Cd were greater than the ones recorded from many other worldwide coastal areas. The studied sediments are extremely severe enrichment with Pb and Cd (EF > 50), severe enrichment with Zn (EF = 10–25), very high risk with Cd (PERI ≥ 320), high risk with Pb (160 ≤ PERI ˂ 320), highly contaminated with Pb (SPI > 3), a severe contamination with Pb (Cp > 3). The accumulation of pollutants is associated with the muddy and fine sediment; especially the studied area is a semi-closed bay, characterized by long time of water retention. Possible sources of metals pollution in the studied area are shipment operations and anticorrosive and antifouling paints, dredging and land filling, municipal wastewater from tourist centers and fishermen cargo boats.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution pattern of persistent organic pollutants in water, sediment and aquatic biota represented by Oreochromis niloticus and Donax trunculus at the Rosetta Nile branch estuary. α-HCH, p,p′-DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls were the predominant compounds detected at ranges of 0.54–4.90 ng/l water, 0.75–2.41 ng/g, d. wt. sediment and 2.19–28.11 ng/g, fresh wt. biota. β and γ-HCHs, endosulfan compounds, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide were at low detection frequencies. Totally, the organochlorine pollutants were at high levels and abundances in Donax spp. than in Tilapia spp. followed by sediment and water. These levels were ranged between lower and higher than those found by the other studies established in Egypt, and well below its tolerable residue levels in fish. A correlation was found for the quantified pollutants between water, sediment and biota. This is clearly reflecting the bioaccumulation properties of these compounds.

To understand the effect of metal pollution on the speciation process, we conducted comparative analyses of six populations of the gastropod Melanoides tuberculata, which dominated the Manzala lagoon (Nile Delta, Egypt). Geometric morphometric analysis was implemented to quantify the phenotypic plasticity of the species. The results from both Canonical Variate Analysis and Relative Warp indicated an overall decrease in the morphological breadth of M. tuberculata in the polluted sites. The favored phenotypes in the polluted sites have moderate whorl section, moderate ovate aperture, less-prominent radial ornament, and overall moderate-spired shells. Lack of morphological variations and dominance of intermediate phenotypes in the polluted sites indicate that stabilizing selection is driving the morphological pattern of this species. Moreover, analysis by using the partial least square model confirmed that metal pollution is the major predictor of the observed shape variations, whereas other biotic/abiotic traits are a minor predictor.

Lagoon Burullus is located in the North West quadrant of the Nile Delta. It receives drainage water through several drains around the lagoon. Understanding the mobility and bioavailability of zinc metal in bottom sediments of Lagoon Burullus is essential for the design of remediation processes and the institution of environmental recommendation for zinc pollution.Single extractions used to fractionate zinc into five fractions. The chemical analyses preceded using atomic absorption spectrometry after using the digestion technique. Zinc concentrates in the residual fraction (167.5μg/g) followed by the organic (14.6μg/g), exchangeable (3.2μg/g), carbonate (2.4μg/g) and then the Fe-Mn hydroxides (1μg/g) fractions. The average content of zinc (189μg/g) is about three fold the average earth's crust.Ecological pollution index show that the metal has a low-risk assessment to surrounding ecosystem. The anthropogenic activities considered as the main source of pollution.

A magnetic glycine-grafted chitosan sorbent (Gly) was functionalized to produce a hydrazide derivative (HGly). The two sorbents were tested in batch mode for the sorption of a series of 10 metal ions present in the groundwater collected in three wells in the Wadi (valley) Nasib mining area (SW Sinai, Egypt). HGly is much more efficient for metal recovery than Gly. Under selected experimental conditions (sorbent dosage 1.5 g L⁻¹), the sorption efficiency is not sufficient for achieving the standard levels for drinking water: the most problematic metal ions in terms of drinkability remain aluminum (too high metal concentration in the groundwater), cadmium, and chromium for the three wells (and nickel in the case of only one well). Increasing the sorbent dosage improves the treatment efficiency. The sorbent (HGly) was tested in fixed-bed columns. The breakthrough curves were compared for the different metals for the groundwater collected in the most contaminated of the three wells. The levels of metal concentration in the treated groundwater are too high for direct use in irrigation. However, they are consistent with the standards for livestock drinking water (based on FAO recommendations, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). The metals can be readily desorbed using 0.5 M HCl solutions with a relatively high concentrating effect (i.e., 50 times). The re-use of the sorbent for three successive cycles of sorption/desorption cycles shows a progressive but weak decrease in sorption and desorption performances.

Two hundred forty-nine groundwater samples collected from 55 irrigation water supply wells in Al-Mahala Al-Kubra, Samannoud, and Al-Santa districts of the Gharbiya Governorate (Egypt) during a monitoring survey carried out in January, June, and in November in 3 years (2013–2015). The prime objective was to document, for the first time, the status and sustained trends in the concentrations of pesticides in the shallow Nile Delta aquifer. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall and Thiel–Sen trend statistical tests were applied for detection and estimation of trends and their magnitude. Violation of standards clarified emergence of methyl parathion (98.1%), endrin (97.9%), endosulfan sulfate (96.5%), dieldrin (55.3%), atrazine (42.3%), and simazine (40.4%), in decreasing order of abundances. Malathion obeyed the permissible limits (900 μg L⁻¹) in all samples. Methyl parathion showed an average rate of deterioration (μg L⁻¹ year⁻¹) of 0.82 that was largest in Al-Santa (1.0) followed by Al-Mahala Al-Kubra (0.63). Malathion proved the second largest rate emerging in Al-Mahala Al-Kubra (0.67) followed by Al-Santa (0.65). Endosulfan sulfate came third in deterioration rate (av. 0.37) followed by endrin (av. 0.32), atrazine (av. 0.32), dieldrin (av. 0.25), and simazine (av. 0.23). Groundwater improvements of pesticide contents propagated faster eastward and northward associated with larger surface water recharge rates from dense complex irrigation canals through thicker topmost silty clay layer and thicker peat layers inter-bedded in the sediments. For sustainable agriculture to alleviate negative impacts on groundwater resources and the environment, the use of ecofriendly bio-degradable or quickly deactivated pesticides along with awareness of farmers with the health hazards and the protective measures while handling pesticides are strongly recommended.

Professional quality of life (ProQOL) is affected by and affects professional well-being and performance. The objectives of this study are to identify risk factors of ProQOL among EM physicians in Zagazig University hospitals (ZUHs), to detect the relationship between ProQOL and coping strategies, and to measure the implication of the Worksite Wellness Education (WWE) program on improving knowledge skills, ProQOL, and coping. An intervention study was conducted among 108 EM physicians at ZUHs through two stages: assessing ProQOL subscales (CS, BO, and STS) and coping strategies and conducting the WWE program. A pre–post-test design was used in the evaluation. CS was higher among the older age group, smokers, nighttime sleepers, and hobbies’ practitioners. Coping strategies carried out by EM physicians to overcome stress and their ProQOL scores were improved significantly post program. ProQOL has multiple factors that affect it. Applying the WWE program will address this concept and may raise awareness about how to cope with work stressors.

The impact of some organic pollutants on some residents of Tanta and Ismailia cities of Egypt through their consumption of vegetables, fruits and fish (Nile tilapia and catfish) was examined. Residues of organochlorine (OCS) and organophosphorus (OPS) as some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) were compared with pesticides as well maximum residue limits (MRLS). Probable health risk to consumers was also assessed. P, P′-DDT, P, P′-DDE, P, P′-DDD, endrin, α-BHC, (lindane), and hexachlorbenzene (HCB) were the most detected organochlorine compounds, but did not exceed MRLs.However, OPS residues were the most frequently detected contaminants. PCBs congeners 28, 70, 52, and 180 were detected in tilapia fish from Tanta, but congeners 28 and 180 were the only detected congeners in samples collected from Ismailia region. ∑PCBS values in all matrices did not exceed MRLS. Hazard index (HI) exhibited unity for all compounds at 50 the decreasing order: catfish > vegetables > fruits > Nile tilapia in Tanta, while in Ismailia the order was Nile tilapia > fruit > vegetables. Results also revealed that risk values for adults were greater than those of children categories.

Hospital workers are exposed to many occupational hazards that may threaten their health and safety. Physical hazards encountered in hospital working environment include temperature, illumination, noise, electrical injuries, and radiation. To assess the awareness of healthcare workers (HCWs) about physical hazards in Tanta university hospitals, this cross-sectional study included 401 HCWs (physicians, nurses, technicians, and workers) from seven departments (general surgery, orthopedics, radiology, ophthalmology, kitchen, incinerator, and laundry). Data were collected through interview questionnaire to assess six types of physical hazards (noise, electric hazards, temperature, radiation, fire, and lighting,). Most of the physicians (63.7%) were aware of the level of noise. All physicians, nurses, technicians, and majority of workers reported that hearing protective devices were not available, and all HCWs reported that periodic hearing examination was not performed. Most of the nurses (75.2%) and workers (68.5%) did not attended emergency training, and more than two thirds of all HCWs were not briefed about emergency evacuation. Most HCWs were not given appropriate radiation safety training before starting work (88% of workers, 73.7% of nurses, 65.7% of physicians, and 68.3% of technicians). The majority of physicians, nurses, and technicians (70.5, 65.4, and 53.7%) denied regular environmental monitoring for radiation level inside work place. Health education programs on health and safety issues regarding physical hazards should be mandatory to all healthcare workers to improve their awareness and protect them from undue exposures they may face due to lack of adequate awareness and knowledge. There is urgent need of expanding the occupational healthcare services in Egypt to cover all the employees as indicated by the international recommendations and the Egyptian Constitution, legislation, and community necessity.

Lake Burullus is the second largest natural coastal lake in Egypt. It has an economic importance for fish yield. However, several anthropogenic activities such as industrial, agriculture, and reclamation activities lead to a deterioration of its water quality and a decrease of the water body area of the lake. This study aims to detect the spatiotemporal changes of Lake Burullus in the period 1972–2015 using 12 Landsat {(1,3-MSS), (4,5-TM), and (7-ETM+)} imageries and water indices approach. To extract water feature from imageries, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and the Water Ratio Index (WRI) were applied. The NDWI was applied to the MSS imageries. For other TM and ETM+ imageries, the WRI was applied. Obtained results show a significant decrease in the water area of the Lake Burullus, where it lost about (49%) of its surface area during the period from the year 1972 to the year 2015. A rapid decrease in the lake surface area was noticed through the period from 1972 to 1984. A prediction model was built depending on the calculated water area of the lake. Finally, the multi-temporal maps of the lake surface area are overlaid to produce a map for the changes of the lake surface area using Geographic Information System (GIS).