Drinking water shortage has become worse in recent decades. A new capacitive deionization (CDI) method for increasing water supplies through the effective desalination of seawater has been developed. Silver as nano Ag and Ag@C which was prepared by carbonization of the Ag+-β-cyclodextrin complex at 573K for 30min can add the antimicrobial function into the CDI process. The Ag@C and Ag nanoparticles dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (Ag@C/rGO and nano Ag/rGO) were used as the CDI electrodes. The nano Ag/rGO and Ag@C/rGO electrodes can reduce the charging resistant, and enhance the electrosorption capability. Better CDI efficiencies with the nano Ag/rGO and Ag@C/rGO electrodes can therefore be obtained. When reversed the voltage, the electrodes can be recovered up to 90% within 5min. This work presents the feasibility for the nano Ag and Ag@C on rGO electrodes applied in CDI process to produce drinking water from seawater or saline water.

Magnetic expanded graphite (MEG) was prepared using the blended calcination method under a nitrogen atmosphere. MEG was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetization (VSM). Results show that the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were uniformly and efficiently deposited on expanded graphite (EG). The saturation magnetization reached 55.05emug−1, and the adsorption capacity of MEG under the optimal condition was 35.72gg−1 for crude oil.

Anthropogenic CO₂ emission is identified as the major cause of climate change. The use of fossil fuels has to be accommodated, possibly with a CO₂ capture process. Sequestration of captured CO₂ at high pressure is proposed as a feasible option for future mitigation of climate change, though using fossil fuels. However, this needs significant energy input and carries the potential threat of a possible future catastrophe. Capture of CO₂ with possible recycling is a long-term sustainable option. In this paper, a process involving a chain of reactions using solid sodium to capture both CO₂ and SO₂ from a flue gas is described. A significantly detailed description of both chemical reactions and physical processes is discussed. Recycling of captured CO₂ and SO₂ in the form of solid graphite and elemental sulphur (as the by-products) is the special feature of this process. However, critical selection of intermediate process liquids and equipment in this process needs further study for real-life implementation of this scheme.

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were used as adsorbent material for the removal of clofibric acid (CA) which was difficult to be removed from wastewater by traditional wastewater treatment technique. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption equilibrium, and effect of pH, ionic strength, and humic acid (HA) of the adsorption of CA onto the GO nanosheets in aqueous solution were investigated in detail. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that the Langmuir isotherm equation fitted the sorption isotherm data better than Freundlich model and the maximum adsorption capacity of GO nanosheets for CA was 994 mg g⁻¹. In addition, adsorption kinetics data showed that the sorption of CA on GO nanosheets reached equilibration within a few minutes and were well fitted by pseudo second-order model. The results of the effects of environment factors indicated that CA sorption on GO nanosheets was weakly affected by ionic strength and strongly depended on pH and HA because of the structure of CA and the large number of oxygen-containing function groups presented on the surface of GO nanosheets. Besides, the removal efficiency of GO nanosheets for CA was reduced at pH >4 and enhanced at pH <4 in the presence of HA.

Peroxicoagulation treatment of aqueous solution containing hazardous dye, Rhodamine B, with commercially available graphite as cathode and iron as anode has been studied. The effect of various operational parameters such as solution pH, applied voltage, electrode area, other ions, etc. on the dye removal was investigated. The experimental result showed that pH-regulated peroxicoagulation system is an efficient process for the dye removal. Ninety-five percent of the dye was removed after 180 min of electrolysis. Anions such as carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride and sulphate negatively affected the efficiency of peroxicoagulation system. From the present study, it can be concluded that peroxicoagulation process is an efficient tool for dye removal from aqueous solution.