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Non-Probabilistic Uncertainty in Subsurface Hydrology and Its Applications: an Overview
2006
Ozbek, Metin M | Pinder, George F
While a presumed equality between uncertainty and probability is dominant in subsurface hydrology, in other areas of science and engineering progress in the mathematics of uncertainty is leading the way in providing new types of uncertainty, distinct from probability. In this paper our focus is on one of these, namely fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. We start with an overview of fuzzy theory introducing terminology, notation, and concepts relevant to our paper. We continue our discussion with an overview of currently known applications in several areas that include subsurface characterization, groundwater flow and transport modeling, water resources management and optimization, and groundwater health risk assessment and management.
Show more [+] Less [-]Remediation of Soil and Ground Water Contaminated with PAH using Heat and Fe(II)-EDTA Catalyzed Persulfate Oxidation
2006
Nadim, Farhad | Huang, Kun-Chang | Dahmani, Amine M
The feasibility of degrading 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic (PAH) hydrocarbons (PAHs) with heat and Fe(II)-EDTA catalyzed persulfate oxidation was investigated in the laboratory. The experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature (i.e. 20 [composite function (small circle)]C, 30 [composite function (small circle)]C and 40 [composite function (small circle)] C) and iron-chelate levels (i.e., 250 mg/L-, 375 mg/L- and 500 mg/L-Fe(II)) on the degradation of dissolved PAHs in aqueous systems, using a series of amber glass jars as the reactors that were placed on a shaker inside an incubator for temperature control. Each experiment was run in duplicate and had two controls (i.e., no persulfate in systems). Samples were collected after a reaction period of 144 hrs and measured for PAHs, pH and sodium persulfate levels. The extent of degradation of PAHs was determined by comparing the data for samples with the controls. The experimental results showed that persulfate oxidation under each of the tested conditions effectively degraded the 16 target PAHs. All of the targeted PAHs were degraded to below the instrument detection limits (~4 μ/L) from a range of initial concentration (i.e., 5 μ/L for benzo(a)pyrene to 57 μ/L for Phenanthrene) within 144 hrs with 5 g/L of sodium persulfate at 20 [composite function (small circle)] C, 30 [composite function (small circle)]C and 40 [composite function (small circle)]C. The data indicated that the persulfate oxidation was effective in degrading the PAHs and that external heat and iron catalysts might not be needed for the degradation of PAHs. The Fe(II)-EDTA catalyzed persulfate also effectively degraded PAHs in the study. In addition, the data on the variation of persulfate concentrations during the experiments indicated that Fe(II)-EDTA accelerated the consumption of persulfate ions. The obtained degradation data cannot be used to evaluate the influence of temperature and Fe(II) levels on the PAH degradation because the PAHs under each of the tested conditions were degraded to below the instrument detection limit within the first sampling point. However, these experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of degrading PAHs in aqueous systems with persulfate oxidation. Additional tests are being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of treating PAHs in soils and obtaining the rate of degradation of PAHs with persulfate oxidation. Two sets of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of sodium persulfate in oxidizing real world PAH-contaminated soils collected from a Superfund site in Connecticut. The first set of soil sample were treated only with persulfate and to the second batch, mixture of persulfate and Fe(II)-EDTA solutions were added. The results of the second test showed that within 24 hours, 75% to 100% of the initial concentrations of seven PAH compounds detected in the soil samples were degraded by sodium persulfate mixed with FE(II)-EDTA.
Show more [+] Less [-]Oxidation of high concentrations of ammonia from groundwater - example: purification of drinking water in the Grocka municipality [Serbia]
2006
Perisic, M. (Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd (Serbia). Centar za multidisciplinarne studije), E-mail: perisicmi@sezampro.yu | Stevanovic, S. (JKP Vodovod, Grocka (Serbia)) | Natic, D. (Institut za zastitu zdravlja Republike Srbije Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut, Beograd (Serbia)) | Karadzic, V. (Institut za zastitu zdravlja Republike Srbije Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut, Beograd (Serbia))
The paper analyses application of different methods for removal of the high content of ammonia from groundwater sources of the Grocka municipality neighborhoods Umcari and Pudarci. According to the relevant data from this field method, biochemical oxidation with the Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter bacteria was used. Parameters of biological processes of the ammonia oxidation were defined on the pilot model located at the groundwater source. On the pilot model, consisting of a trickling filter and a fast gravel filter, quantitative oxidation NH4 to NO3 was done. Purification plant was designed with parameters of the pilot model, with minimal investment and exploitation expenses, without undesired side products and ecological risks characteristic for procedure of chemical oxidation of ammonia, which recommends this procedure as the optimal solution.
Show more [+] Less [-]Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of agricultural soil of groundwater source of city Velika Plana [Serbia] - Livade
2006
Brebanovic, B. (Institut za zemljiste, Beograd (Serbia)), E-mail: soilscis@eunet.yu | Sikiric, B. (Institut za zemljiste, Beograd (Serbia)), E-mail: soilscis@eunet.yu | Perovic, V. (Institut za zemljiste, Beograd (Serbia)), E-mail: soilscis@eunet.yu | Zdravkovic-Boreli, Dj. (Institut za vodoprivredu Jaroslav Cerni, Beograd (Serbia))
In the frame of the project Water Supplying of the Cities and Protection of the Groundwater Quality in the Velika Morava Valley, was obtained the analysis of potential polluters of groundwater sources of town Velika Plana - Livade. This paper presents results of water physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of soil. According to the results of research and way of usage of the soil, it was concluded that agricultural production does not have negative influence on quality of the groundwater source.
Show more [+] Less [-]Transboundary groundwater bodies - basis for shared resource management
2006
Djuric, D. (Institut za vodoprivredu Jaroslav Cerni, Beograd (Serbia)), E-mail: dusan.djuric@cerni.co.yu
The EU Water Framework Directive imposes special requirements for transboudary groundwater bodies, and thereby emphasizes their significance. The management of a common resource calls for an integrated approach to monitoring and status assessment, as well as implementation of improvement measures. Serbia, Hungary and Romania share a water body in the Pannonian Basin, for which cooperation has already been established within the framework of the ICPDR and at the bilateral level.
Show more [+] Less [-]Protection of groundwater by changing hydrological conditions on example of the groundwater source of Cemovsko Polje [Montenegro]
2006
Vukcevic, S.V. (Institut za tehnicka ispitivanja, Podgorica (Montenegro))
Protection of raw water quality at the water source is delicate and often very expensive. As it is known, the majority of hydrotechnical structures are complex and big in both technical and financial terms. This paper is aiming to show necessity to provide, if possible, multipurpose use of these structures in order to reduce and distribute the costs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Conditions of physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of agricultural soil of groundwater source of city Smederevska Palanka - Trnovce [Serbia]
2006
Pivic, R. (Institut za zemljiste, Beograd (Serbia)), E-mail: soilscis@eunet.yu | Rasulic, N. (Institut za zemljiste, Beograd (Serbia)), E-mail: soilscis@eunet.yu | Nikolovski, M. (Institut za zemljiste, Beograd (Serbia)), E-mail: soilscis@eunet.yu | Popovic, V. (Institut za zemljiste, Beograd (Serbia)), E-mail: soilscis@eunet.yu
In the frame of the project Water Supplying of the Cities and Protection of the Groundwater Quality in the Velika Morava Valley, was obtained the analysis of potential polluters of groundwater source of city Smederevska Palanka - Trnovce. This paper presents results of water physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of soil. According to the results of research and way of usage of the soil, it was concluded that agricultural production does not have negative influence on quality of the groundwater source.
Show more [+] Less [-]Formation of ozonation byproducts in groundwater subjected to aeration/preozonation and coagulation
2006
Agbaba, J. (Prirodno-matematicki fakultet, Novi Sad (Serbia)), E-mail: agbaba@ih.ns.ac.yu | Dalmacija, B. (Prirodno-matematicki fakultet, Novi Sad (Serbia)) | Klasnja, M. (Tehnoloski fakultet, Novi Sad (Serbia))
This work considers the effect of the ozonation process on formation of aldehydes in groundwater pretreated by aeration/preozonation (2.0 g O3/cubic meter) and coagulation with polyaluminium-chloride (5 and 10 g Al/cubic meter). Experiments were carried out on a semi-industrial plant of 2 cubic meter/h capacity. It was found that in the course of ozonation NOM content shows a decrease (up to 54% TOC), whereas content of aldehydes increases by 1.0-14 microgram/L, depending on the water pretreatment and applied ozone dose. The most prominent changes in specific aldehydes content during ozonation were detected after applying ozone dosages of 0.5-2.0 mg O3/mg TOC.
Show more [+] Less [-]Adventage of ozonization in treatment of groundwater
2006
Kaut, I. (Vodovod i kanalizacija, Pancevo (Serbia)), E-mail: kaut@eunet.yu | Savic, Z. (Vodovod i kanalizacija, Pancevo (Serbia))
Treatment of groundwater with increase contents of ammonia, iron and manganese, needs more content of oxigen then realized in proceeding of aeration. Beside enriching water of oxigen, ozonization gives other important effects. For the first time, ozonization is practicaled on plant in Pancevo (Serbia), and it is base for define all of positive experiences. From this, we can recognize priorities of this proceeding, which will be aranged in this report.
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