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Determination of typical lipophilic marine toxins in marine sediments from three coastal bays of China using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after accelerated solvent extraction Full text
2015
Wang, Yanlong | Chen, Junhui | Li, Zhaoyong | Wang, Shuai | Shi, Qian | Cao, Wei | Zheng, Xiaoling | Sun, Chengjun | Wang, Xiaoru | Zheng, Li
A method based on sample preparation by accelerated solvent extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was validated and used for determination of seven typical lipophilic marine toxins (LMTs) in marine sediment samples collected from three typical coastal bays in China. Satisfactory specificity, reproducibility (RSDs≤14.76%), stability (RSDs≤17.37%), recovery (78.0%–109.0%), and detection limit (3.440pg/g–61.85pg/g) of the developed method were achieved. The results obtained from the analysis of samples from Hangzhou Bay revealed okadaic acid as the predominant LMT with concentrations ranging from 186.0 to 280.7pg/g. Pecenotoxin-2 was quantified in sediment samples from Laizhou Bay at the concentrations from 256.4 to 944.9pg/g. These results suggested that the proposed method was reliable for determining the typical LMTs in marine sediments and that the sediments obtained from Hangzhou Bay, Laizhou Bay and Jiaozhou Bay were all contaminated by certain amounts of LMTs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on the growth and cytotoxicity of the fish-killing microalgal species Heterosigma akashiwo and Pseudochattonella verruculosa Full text
2022
Sandoval-Sanhueza, Alondra | Aguilera-Belmonte, Alejandra | Basti, Leila | Figueroa, Rosa I. | Molinet, Carlos | Álvarez, Gonzalo | Oyanedel, Sandra | Riobó, Pilar | Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Guido | Díaz, Patricio A.
Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on the growth and cytotoxicity of the fish-killing microalgal species Heterosigma akashiwo and Pseudochattonella verruculosa Full text
2022
Sandoval-Sanhueza, Alondra | Aguilera-Belmonte, Alejandra | Basti, Leila | Figueroa, Rosa I. | Molinet, Carlos | Álvarez, Gonzalo | Oyanedel, Sandra | Riobó, Pilar | Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Guido | Díaz, Patricio A.
Fish-killing blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo and Pseudochattonella verruculosa have been devastating for the farmed salmon industry, but in Southern Chile the conditions that promote the growth and toxicity of these microalgae are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of different combinations of temperature (12, 15, 18 °C) and salinity (10, 20, 30 psu) on the growth of Chilean strains of these two species. The results showed that the optimal growth conditions for H. akashiwo and P. verruculosa differed, with a maximum rate of 0.99 day⁻¹ obtained at 15 °C and a salinity of 20 psu for H. akashiwo, and a maximum rate of 1.06 day⁻¹ obtained at 18 °C and a salinity of 30 psu for P. verruculosa. Cytotoxic assays (2 × 10¹ – 2 × 10⁵ cell mL⁻¹; cells, filtrates, and cell lysates) performed at salinities of 20 and 30 psu showed a 100% reduction in the viability of embryonic fish cells exposed to intact cells of H. akashiwo and a 39% reduction following exposure to culture filtrates of P. verruculosa. Differences in the fish-killing mechanisms (direct cell contact vs. extracellular substances) and physiological traits of H. akashiwo and P. verruculosa explain the recent occurrence of very large blooms under contrasting (cold-brackish vs. hot-salty) extreme climate conditions in Chile.
Show more [+] Less [-]Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on the growth and cytotoxicity of the fish-killing microalgal species Heterosigma akashiwo and Pseudochattonella verruculosa Full text
2022
Sandoval, Alondra | Aguilera-Belmonte, Alejandra | Basti, Leila | Figueroa, Rosa Isabel | Molinet, Carlos | Álvarez, Gonzalo | Oyanedel, Sandra | Riobó, Pilar | Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Guido | Díaz, Patricio Andrés | Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile) | Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (Chile)
12 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables | Fish-killing blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo and Pseudochattonella verruculosa have been devastating for the farmed salmon industry, but in Southern Chile the conditions that promote the growth and toxicity of these microalgae are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of different combinations of temperature (12, 15, 18 °C) and salinity (10, 20, 30 psu) on the growth of Chilean strains of these two species. The results showed that the optimal growth conditions for H. akashiwo and P. verruculosa differed, with a maximum rate of 0.99 day−1 obtained at 15 °C and a salinity of 20 psu for H. akashiwo, and a maximum rate of 1.06 day−1 obtained at 18 °C and a salinity of 30 psu for P. verruculosa. Cytotoxic assays (2 × 101 – 2 × 105 cell mL−1; cells, filtrates, and cell lysates) performed at salinities of 20 and 30 psu showed a 100% reduction in the viability of embryonic fish cells exposed to intact cells of H. akashiwo and a 39% reduction following exposure to culture filtrates of P. verruculosa. Differences in the fish-killing mechanisms (direct cell contact vs. extracellular substances) and physiological traits of H. akashiwo and P. verruculosa explain the recent occurrence of very large blooms under contrasting (cold-brackish vs. hot-salty) extreme climate conditions in Chile | This study was funded by project REDI170575 (Patricio A. Díaz) from the International Cooperation Programme of the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID), Chile. Dr. Carlos Molinet was funded by the FONDAP Project N° 15110027 (INCAR) | Peer reviewed
Show more [+] Less [-]Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on the growth and cytotoxicity of the fish-killing microalgal species Heterosigma akashiwo and Pseudochattonella verruculosa Full text
2021
Sandoval-Sanhueza, A | Aguilera-Belmonte, A | Figueroa, Rosa Isabel | Molinet, C | Alvarez, G. | Oyanedel, S. | Riobó, Pilar | Mancilla-Gutierrez, G. | Díaz, P.
Fish-killing blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo and Pseudochattonella verruculosa have been devastating for the farmed salmon industry, but in Southern Chile the conditions that promote the growth and toxicity of these microalgae are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of different combinations of temperature (12, 15, 18 °C) and salinity (10, 20, 30 psu) on the growth of Chilean strains of these two species. The results showed that the optimal growth conditions for H. akashiwo and P. verruculosa differed, with a maximum rate of 0.99 day−1 obtained at 15 °C and a salinity of 20 psu for H. akashiwo, and a maximum rate of 1.06 day−1 obtained at 18 °C and a salinity of 30 psu for P. verruculosa. Cytotoxic assays (2 × 101 – 2 × 105 cell mL−1; cells, filtrates, and cell lysates) performed at salinities of 20 and 30 psu showed a 100% reduction in the viability of embryonic fish cells exposed to intact cells of H. akashiwo and a 39% reduction following exposure to culture filtrates of P. verruculosa. Differences in the fish-killing mechanisms (direct cell contact vs. extracellular substances) and physiological traits of H. akashiwo and P. verruculosa explain the recent occurrence of very large blooms under contrasting (cold-brackish vs. hot-salty) extreme climate conditions in Chile. | SI
Show more [+] Less [-]Seasonal variation in composition and abundance of harmful dinoflagellates in Yemeni waters, southern Red Sea Full text
2016
Alkawri, Abdulsalam
General abundance and species composition of a dinoflagellate community in Yemeni coastal waters of Al Salif (southern Red Sea) were studied with a view to understand the annual variations in particular the toxic species. Dinoflagellates were more abundant among phytoplankton. Thirty five dinoflagellate taxa were identified, among which 12 were reported as potentially toxic species. A significant change in seasonal abundance was recorded with the maximum (2.27∗106cellsl−1) in May, and the minimum (2.50∗102cellsl−1) recorded in January. Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, which was reported for the first time from the Red Sea, was the most abundant species with a maximum in May 2013 (2.26∗106cellsl−1). Spearman's rank correlation analysis indicates that, total harmful dinoflagellate cells, K. foliaceum, Prorocentrum gracile and Prorocentrum micans were significantly correlated with temperature. This study suggests that Yemeni waters should be monitored to investigate harmful species and to identify areas and seasons at higher risk.
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